The document discusses the principles of body mechanics, which involve the efficient use of the body to maintain posture and balance while preventing injury through proper alignment and movement techniques. It outlines factors affecting mobility, including age, energy levels, lifestyle, fear, pain, and disability, as well as hazards associated with immobility like pneumonia and pressure ulcers. The document also addresses postural abnormalities, such as kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis.

2. Body mechanics is the efficient use of the body
as a machine, and as a means of locomotion ,it is
directly related to the function of bones, joints,
muscles, nerves and brain to maintain posture
balance.

5. PRINCIPLES OF BODY MECHANICS:-
Facing the direction of movement prevents
abnormal twisting of the spine.
Dividing balanced activity between arms &
legs reduces the risk of back injury.
Rolling ,turning requires less work than
lifting.
When frictions reduced between the object
to be moved & the surface on which it is
moved,reduces force required to move it.

6. Reducing the force of work, reduces the risk
of injury.
Maintaining good body mechanics reduces
fatigue of the muscle groups.
Alternating periods of rest & activity helps to
reduce fatigue.
Shoes should me comfortable, noiseless and
with low level.
Posture should be with natural gesture.

7. PRINCIPLES FOR CORRECT BODY
MECHANICS
• STANDING
• SITTING
• BENDING (STOOPING)
• LIFTING WEIGHTS
• CARRYING
• PUSHING
• PULLING
• REACHING
• WHILE WORKING IN STANDING POSITION
• WHILE SHIFTING THE PATIENT FROM BED TO CHAIR

11. BODY ALIGNMENT:-
Alignment refers to how the head, shoulders, spine,
hips, knees and ankles relate and line up with each
other.
It refers to the condition of joints,tendons and muscles
in various body positions
Proper alignment of the body puts less stress on the
spine and helps you have good posture

12. ASSESSMENT OF BODY ALLIGNMENT:-
Standing position:-
Head extended, normal curves of back, chin in ,chest
most forward, shoulder slightly abducted, elbows slightly
flexed, wrist extended. abdomen flat, relaxed buttocks,
thighs extended, feet pointing straight.
Sitting position:-
Head should be erect with chin in, back also normal,
shoulders abducted elbows flexed & supported, wrists
extended.
Fingers flexed, abdomen flat, knees flexed at right angles
to thighs, feet supported on floor.

16. MOBILITY AND
IMMOBILITY

17. MOBILITY:-
Mobility is defined as the ability to move freely,
easily, rhythmically and purposefully in the
environment.
IMMOBILITY:-
Immobility is the state of not being able to move
around.

18. FACTORS AFFECTING MOBILITY:-
AGE:-
It greatly affects the activity levels.Generally as people
grow older, they slow down.
ENERGY LEVEL:-
It varies greatly among individuals. Individual
demonstrates different energy levels at different times.
LIFESTYLE:-
People learn early in life often from families .Some
people participate in physical activity regularly in an
effort to maintain or to improve their health.

19. FEAR AND PAIN:-
The mobility can also be limited because of
fear or pain, a pt recovering from surgery may
be reluctant to move for fear of opening the
incision.
DISABILITY:-
A disability is a persistent mental or physical
weakness that prevents a person from carring
out the normal activities of life.

20. HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH IMMOBILITY:-
Hypostatic pneumonia. (pneumonia that
usually results from the collection of fluid in
the dorsal region of the lungs.)
Pulmonary embolism(Pulmonary
embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the
lungs by a substance that has traveled from
elsewhere in the body through the
bloodstream)
Thrombophlebitis
Orthostatic hypotension

21. Pressure ulcers or pressure sore
Decreased peristalsis with constipation.
Urinary stasis with renal calculi formation.
Contractures or muscle atrophy
Altered fluid & electrolyte status.

22. POSTURAL ABNORMALITIES
Abnormal posturing refers to rigid body movements and
chronic abnormal positions of the body.

23. KYPHOSIS

24. Anterior curvature of
thoracic spine

25. Lordosis
Inward curvature of the
lumbar /cervical spine.

26. Lateral (sideways) curving of the spine.
scoliosis

28. THANK YOU