Presented by Michael Blümmel, Sharma, G.V.M., Ravindranath, K., Padmakumar, V. and Christopher Jones at the 27 Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), EIAR, Addis Ababa, 29–31 August 2019
Forage needs in pig value chains: The Ugandan caseILRI
Presented by Danilo Pezo at the Workshop on Forage and Fodder Tree Selection for Future Challenges—Linking Genebanks to Forage Use, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 16-20 March 2015
Insights from the transformation of dairy in IndiaILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Director General, ILRI, With contributions from: Habibar Rahman, Susan MacMillan, Ram Deka, Chris Jones at the Workshop on ICAR lecture series #44 Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, 17 February 2022
Overview of International Livestock Research (ILRI) activities in EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Siboniso Moyo at a Consultative Meeting on Strengthening CGIAR - EARS partnerships for effective agricultural transformation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 4–5 December 2014
Alternatives to improve field AI delivery system to enhance beef and dairy sy...ILRI
Presented by Asrat Tera at the IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
Forage needs in pig value chains: The Ugandan caseILRI
Presented by Danilo Pezo at the Workshop on Forage and Fodder Tree Selection for Future Challenges—Linking Genebanks to Forage Use, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 16-20 March 2015
Insights from the transformation of dairy in IndiaILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Director General, ILRI, With contributions from: Habibar Rahman, Susan MacMillan, Ram Deka, Chris Jones at the Workshop on ICAR lecture series #44 Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, 17 February 2022
Overview of International Livestock Research (ILRI) activities in EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Siboniso Moyo at a Consultative Meeting on Strengthening CGIAR - EARS partnerships for effective agricultural transformation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 4–5 December 2014
Alternatives to improve field AI delivery system to enhance beef and dairy sy...ILRI
Presented by Asrat Tera at the IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
Enteric methane production from cattle fed on three tropical grasses in East ...ILRI
Presented by Daniel Korir, Svenja Marquardt, Richard Eckard, Alan Sanchez, Uta Dickhoefer, Lutz Merbold, K. Butterbach-Bahl and John Goopy at the Tropentag 2020: Food and Nutrition Security and its Resilience to Global Crises, Virtual Conference, 9–11 September 2020.
Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions attributable to smallholder livestock sy...ILRI
Presented by P.W. Ndung’u, T. Takahashi, C.J.L. du Toit, M. Robertson-Dean, K. Butterbach-Bahl, G. McAuliffe, L. Merbold and J.P. Goopy at the Tropentag 2020: Food and Nutrition Security and its Resilience to Global Crises, Virtual Conference, 9–11 September 2020. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/afns/en/
Presentation from Jean-François Soussana, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) on integrated crop-livestock agroecological systems. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology for Food Security and Nutrition, held at FAO in Rome on 18-19 September 2014.
Greenhouse gas emissions and fertiliser quality from cattle manure Heaps in K...ILRI
Presented by Sonja Leitner, George Wanyama, Dónal Ring, Daniel Korir, David Pelster, John Goopy, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl and Lutz Merbold at the Tropentag 2020: Food and Nutrition Security and its Resilience to Global Crises, Virtual Conference, 9–11 September 2020
A N Sinha Institute of Social Science (ANSISS), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) organized a one day consulation on
‘A Food Secure Bihar: Challenges and Way Forward’ on August 06, 2014 at ANSISS, Patna, Bihar.
You are aware that National Food Security Act (NFSA) has been enacted with a view to ensure food security in India and Bihar is one of the state where ensuring food security is a major challenge. A better understanding of NFSA in the context of Bihar will be helpful for effective implementation of the NFSA. The main objective of the policy consultative workshop is to deliberate on the options and strategies for making NFSA efficient and effective in Bihar.
Asia Regional Program Planning Meeting- Achieving self sufficiency in pulse p...ICRISAT
On average, over the last three years Indian’s consumed approximately 22 million tonnes of pulses per annum but produced only 18 million tonnes, leaving a shortfall of 4 million tonnes.Pulse self-sufficiency means food security, greater wealth for Indian farmers and a more favourable balance of trade for the nation.Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major public health problem in India. The prevalence of stunting among under fives is 48% and wasting is 19.8% and with an underweight prevalence of 42.5%, it is the highest in the world.
Presented at the Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health” on 31 May-1 June 2016 at NASC, New Delhi, India. The conference was jointly organised by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), TCi of Cornell University (TCi-CU) and Agriculture Today.
Developing and Delivering Zinc Wheat: The Role of Wheat in Reducing Hidden Hu...CIMMYT
Presentation delivered by Dr. Wolfgang Pfeiffer (HarvestPlus, Colombia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
The presentation is by P Kumar, IARI and P K Joshi, IFPRI from the one day workshop on ‘Pulses for Nutrition in India: Changing Patterns from Farm-to-Fork’ organized on Jan 14, 2014. The workshop is based on a few studies conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute under the CGIAR’s Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. These studies covered the entire domain of pulse sector in India from production to consumption, prices to trade, processing to value addition, and from innovations to the role of private sector in strengthening the entire pulse value chain. These studies were designed to better understand the drivers of changing dynamics of pulses in the value chain from farm-to-fork, and explore opportunities for meeting their availability through increased production, enhanced trade and improved efficiency.
Presented at the Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health” on 31 May-1 June 2016 at NASC, New Delhi, India. The conference was jointly organised by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), TCi of Cornell University (TCi-CU) and Agriculture Today.
Achievements on pulses & oilseed research in BRAC have been described. #suggested link of my you tube video on mung bean: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7iEszjkUab4&t=8s and the link of lentil cultivation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3DfknzVx_c #also the link of sesame cultivation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAFjWsPetK8&t=79s
Animal nutrition approaches for profitable livestock operations and sustainab...ILRI
Presented by Blümmel, M.1, Garg, M.R.,2 Jones, C.1, Baltenweck, I.1 and Staal, S. at the Indian Animal Nutrition Association XI Biennial Conference, Patna, India, 19-21 November 2018
Presented by Michael Blümmel, G.V.M. Sharma, K. Ravindranath, V. Padmakumar, H. Rahman and C. Jones at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
Enteric methane production from cattle fed on three tropical grasses in East ...ILRI
Presented by Daniel Korir, Svenja Marquardt, Richard Eckard, Alan Sanchez, Uta Dickhoefer, Lutz Merbold, K. Butterbach-Bahl and John Goopy at the Tropentag 2020: Food and Nutrition Security and its Resilience to Global Crises, Virtual Conference, 9–11 September 2020.
Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions attributable to smallholder livestock sy...ILRI
Presented by P.W. Ndung’u, T. Takahashi, C.J.L. du Toit, M. Robertson-Dean, K. Butterbach-Bahl, G. McAuliffe, L. Merbold and J.P. Goopy at the Tropentag 2020: Food and Nutrition Security and its Resilience to Global Crises, Virtual Conference, 9–11 September 2020. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/afns/en/
Presentation from Jean-François Soussana, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) on integrated crop-livestock agroecological systems. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology for Food Security and Nutrition, held at FAO in Rome on 18-19 September 2014.
Greenhouse gas emissions and fertiliser quality from cattle manure Heaps in K...ILRI
Presented by Sonja Leitner, George Wanyama, Dónal Ring, Daniel Korir, David Pelster, John Goopy, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl and Lutz Merbold at the Tropentag 2020: Food and Nutrition Security and its Resilience to Global Crises, Virtual Conference, 9–11 September 2020
A N Sinha Institute of Social Science (ANSISS), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) organized a one day consulation on
‘A Food Secure Bihar: Challenges and Way Forward’ on August 06, 2014 at ANSISS, Patna, Bihar.
You are aware that National Food Security Act (NFSA) has been enacted with a view to ensure food security in India and Bihar is one of the state where ensuring food security is a major challenge. A better understanding of NFSA in the context of Bihar will be helpful for effective implementation of the NFSA. The main objective of the policy consultative workshop is to deliberate on the options and strategies for making NFSA efficient and effective in Bihar.
Asia Regional Program Planning Meeting- Achieving self sufficiency in pulse p...ICRISAT
On average, over the last three years Indian’s consumed approximately 22 million tonnes of pulses per annum but produced only 18 million tonnes, leaving a shortfall of 4 million tonnes.Pulse self-sufficiency means food security, greater wealth for Indian farmers and a more favourable balance of trade for the nation.Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major public health problem in India. The prevalence of stunting among under fives is 48% and wasting is 19.8% and with an underweight prevalence of 42.5%, it is the highest in the world.
Presented at the Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health” on 31 May-1 June 2016 at NASC, New Delhi, India. The conference was jointly organised by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), TCi of Cornell University (TCi-CU) and Agriculture Today.
Developing and Delivering Zinc Wheat: The Role of Wheat in Reducing Hidden Hu...CIMMYT
Presentation delivered by Dr. Wolfgang Pfeiffer (HarvestPlus, Colombia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
The presentation is by P Kumar, IARI and P K Joshi, IFPRI from the one day workshop on ‘Pulses for Nutrition in India: Changing Patterns from Farm-to-Fork’ organized on Jan 14, 2014. The workshop is based on a few studies conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute under the CGIAR’s Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. These studies covered the entire domain of pulse sector in India from production to consumption, prices to trade, processing to value addition, and from innovations to the role of private sector in strengthening the entire pulse value chain. These studies were designed to better understand the drivers of changing dynamics of pulses in the value chain from farm-to-fork, and explore opportunities for meeting their availability through increased production, enhanced trade and improved efficiency.
Presented at the Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health” on 31 May-1 June 2016 at NASC, New Delhi, India. The conference was jointly organised by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), TCi of Cornell University (TCi-CU) and Agriculture Today.
Achievements on pulses & oilseed research in BRAC have been described. #suggested link of my you tube video on mung bean: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7iEszjkUab4&t=8s and the link of lentil cultivation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3DfknzVx_c #also the link of sesame cultivation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAFjWsPetK8&t=79s
Animal nutrition approaches for profitable livestock operations and sustainab...ILRI
Presented by Blümmel, M.1, Garg, M.R.,2 Jones, C.1, Baltenweck, I.1 and Staal, S. at the Indian Animal Nutrition Association XI Biennial Conference, Patna, India, 19-21 November 2018
Presented by Michael Blümmel, G.V.M. Sharma, K. Ravindranath, V. Padmakumar, H. Rahman and C. Jones at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
Opportunities and limitations of multidimensional crop improvement in grain l...ILRI
Presented by Michael Blümmel, Jane Wamatu, Barbara Rischkowsky and Siboniso Moyo at the International Conference on Pulses for Health, Nutrition and Sustainable Agriculture in Drylands, Marrakesh, Morocco, 18-20 April 2016
Statistical Optimization of Keratinase Production from Marine FungusIJERA Editor
To improve the yield of keratinase from marine fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, different medium constituents were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The strain produced 24.8U/mL and 36.4U/mL of keratinase activity in conventional method of optimization with glucose and soya bean meal as carbon and nitrogen sources. Response surface methodology which was applied to optimize concentrations of glucose, soya bean meal, feather powder and inoculum level, improved the productivity to 225.0U/mL. This value represents 6.18 fold increases in productivity as compared to conventional methods. Optimal parameters of the cultivation process were determined as glucose 1.52g/L, soya bean meal-1.08g/L, feather powder-1.04g/L and inoculum level-10.6%.
Winning solutions for climate-smart dairy animal nutrition in IndiaILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, With contributions from: Habibar Rahman, KSV Prasad, Ravi Devulapalli, Chris Jones, Padmakumar V. at the NDDB Animal Nutrition Research Advisory Committee meeting, May 2021
May 2015 c. vulgaris to biofuel presentationJoseph Barnes
Chlorella vulgaris is a species of green microalgae capable of generating lipids suitable for conversion into biofuel via the process of transesterification. Viable production of biofuel from green microalgae requires high biomass densities, 1.0 g/L or more. We attempted to enhance cell concentrations and biomass densities of Chlorella vulgaris by growing the microalgae in a fed-batch system. A practical fed-batch system using indoor photobioreactors was designed and modified during the course of the project; commercial-grade plant fertilizers were used for the principle substrates. Additional mineral nutrients, including MgSO4, were also used in order to boost growth rates and the carrying capacity for the closed bioreactors. During the course of the experiment we implemented three different methods. The fed-batch system successfully enhanced the targeted parameters of biomass yield and cell concentration. We reached a maximum biomass density of 0.58 g/L, this was short of our goal but higher than our earlier results in previous projects. We also analyzed the effects of distinctive wavelengths of visible light (colored light versus white light) on cell concentrations. Red light (wavelength of 650 nm) led to the most positive growth, producing a value twice more than that generated using only green light (540 nm). A final variable which we briefly touched was the surface area to volume ratio of the photobioreactor.
Potential and limitations of by-product based feeding systems to mitigate gre...ILRI
Presentation by M. Blümmel, S. Anandan, and C.S. Prasad to the 13th Biennial Animal Nutrition Conference of the Animal Nutrition Society of India: Diversification of Animal Nutrition Research in the Changing Scenario, Bangalore, India, 17-19 December 2009.
Design and Sustainability Assessment of Bioenergy Double Cropping System in S...SIANI
Presentation by Sbatie Lama Swedish, University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), at the young researchers meeting on multifunctional landscapes, Gothenburg June 7-8, 2016.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Evaluation Studies on Hybrid up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor for Tre...IJERA Editor
Dairy industries have shown us great growth in size and number in most countries of the world. In recent times,
the dairy industries have started incorporating sophisticated processing equipments with CIP cleaning systems
and PLC based process automation systems. The dairy mill effluent is characteristically biodegradable with
BOD 5, of 2500-3500 mg/l and COD restricted to 4000-5000 mg/l and pH
from 5.6-8.6 .The biodegradability
range of dairy effluent is from 0.63 to 0.72 .The hybrid anaerobic reactor is assessed with a pilot model (8 litres)
for the treatment of dairy effluent .The present study evaluates the performance of hybrid anaerobic reactor
under different seasons, viz , rainy and winter for treating dairy effluent .The model was made run under varying
operating conditions , viz ,influent flow rate(2.083,2.500,3.571,5.000,8.330lit/hr) and influent COD
(1599.88,2091.98,2564.46 mg/l), OLR(Rainy season) (0.025,0.031,0.036 kg/COD/m2
day),(winter
season)(0.018,0.026,0.032kg/COD/m2
day) and HRT (6.00,10.00,14.00,20.00,24.00hrs)are interpreted for the
respective conditions .The COD removal was observed for minimum of 78.10% starting from 78.86% for rainy
season and maximum of 79.10% from 80.61%COD removal for winter season
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
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Spin-off technologies from 2nd generation biofuel: Potential to transform fodder quality of crop residues
1. Spin-off technologies from 2nd generation biofuel:
Potential to transform fodder quality of crop
residues
Michael Blümmel, Sharma, G. V. M., Ravindranath, K., Padmakumar, V. and Christopher Jones
2018 Global Nutrition Symposium, January 2018, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
aInternational Livestock Research Institute
bCSIR-Indian Institute for Chemical Technology
27 Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP)
EIAR, Addis Ababa, 29–31 August 2019
2. • Importance of straws and stover as feed resources
• Why research 2nd generation biofuel technologies for upgrading
the feeding value of straws and stover
• Effect of three potential spin-off technologies on laboratory
fodder quality traits
• Effect of two potential spin-off technologies on performance of
sheep fed TMRs containing 70% untreated and treated rice
straw
• Conclusions and way forward
Structure of Presentation
3. Summary of Feed Resources in India
Feed resource in India in 2012 Contribution to overall feed resources (%)
Greens from CRP, forests, grazing 8.0
Planted forages 15.1
Crop residues 70.6
Concentrates 6.3
Deficit: feed availability versus feed requirement (%)
Dry matter (i.e. crop residue quantity) -6
Digestible crude protein -61
Total digestible nutrients -50
(Modified from NIANP, 2012; Blümmel et al., 2014a)
4. Ethiopia: crop residues are becoming more
important as feed resources
Kahsay Berhe (2004) study in Yarer Mountain area
Cultivated land has doubled at the expense of
pasture in 30 years
Switch in source of nutrition for livestock from
grazing to CR
5. Leveraging spin-off technologies from 2nd generation
for deconstructing ligno-cellulosic biomass
• 10 – 50 Billion tons biomass
annually and about 4 Billion tons
are from crop residues
• Billions of $ investment to leverage
for different steps along the value
chain starting from collection of
high bulk low density feed stocks
to bio-manufacturing and de novo
synthesis of enzymes
• Dissolve boundaries between
food-feed-fodder, livestock species
and even animal and human
nutrition
• Potential game changer
technology
6. Efficient harvest and collection of high volume-low density
biomass
Balance central versus decentralized approach
Optimize physical form-transport-susceptibility to pre- treatment-
voluntary feed intake
Swell and disrupt hemicellulose-cellulose-lignin matrix
Partially hydrolyze xylan structure
Increase surface and porocity of fiber structure
Unclear benefit for ruminant nutrition, more research with new
enzymes/enzyme cocktails needed
Demand/potential for monogastric nutrition
“One pot” complete enzymatic conversions
Biomass: Straws and Stovers
Ethanol Fermentation
Distillation
Pre-treatment
Pre- treated Biomass
Pentoses
Rumen microbial
digestion
External Enzymes
GLUCOSE
LivestockNutrition
Sucrose Juice or
Molasses
Yeast
Ethanol
Stillage
Ruminants
Monogastrics
EthanolPathway
Figure 1: Process steps in second generation bio-fuel technology of interest to livestock nutrition(Blümmel et al.,2014)
8. Approaches: Steam treatment
Steam Treatment: Maize stover from 1 superior
dual purpose hybrid, 1 superior dual purpose
sorghum variety and 2 sorghum stovers purchased
from fodder market were steam-treated using
intermittent live steam injection to heat stovers to
160°C for 10 minutes. After 10 min the stovers were
exploded into a receiver tank, collected dried and
ground
.
9. Approaches: AFEX Treatment
Ammonia Fiber Expansion: During AFEX treatment, ammonia
vapor is added to the biomass under moderate pressure (100
to 400 psi) and temperature (90-100°C) before rapidly
releasing the pressure and recovering more than 95% of the
ammonia used in the process. 10 cereal straws and stovers
from India consisting of 2 rice straws, 3 sorghum stovers, 1
wheat straw (nondescript purchased from a fodder market), 2
pearl millet stovers and 2 maize stovers
10. Approaches: Two Chemical Combination
Treatment
Two Chemical Combination Treatment: Developed
by the Indian Institute for Chemical Technology (IICT)
for biofuel production and is currently prepared as a
joint IICT-ILRI patent application. The approach is
therefore only described as 2 Chemical Combination
Treatment (2CCT). 4 pearl millets stovers, 3 sorghum
stover, 2 maize stover and 2 non-descript wheat
straws (New Delhi fodder market, Uttrakhand farmer
field) were investigated.
12. Spin-off technology n In vitro GP after 48 h
(ml/200 mg)
True IVOMD after 48 h
(%)
U T U T
Steam Treatment 4 48.6 53.6 62.9 71.8
AFEX Treatment 10 42.9 51.5 65.1 84.4
2CC Treatment 11 39.7 66.7 55.9 94.1
Summary of effects of steam, ammonia fiber expansion and 2CC treatment on in
vitro gas production (GP) and true in vitro digestibility-1 (IVOMD) after 48 h of
incubation. U = untreated; T = Treated
-1The average difference between true and apparent IVOMD is about 12.9 percentage units (van Soest, 94).
Increments in digestibility were similar independent of expression as apparent or true digestibility.
Blümmel et al. (2019)
13. Intake and weight gain in sheep fed complete diets consisting of
70% untreated and steam and 2CCT treated rice straw
-
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0
1 8
2 0
2 2
2 4
2 6
2 8
3 0
3 2
3 4
3 6
3 8
4 0
4 2
4 4
4 6
W e e k s o f e x p e rim e n ta tio n
OMI(g/kgLW)
T M R w ith 2 C C tre a te d rice s tra w
T M R w ith ste a m tre a te d rice s tra w
T M R w ith u n tre a te d rice stra w l
x = 3 4 .1
x = 3 9 .9
x = 28.3
+ 3 .9 2 k g L W G
+ 6 .1 2 k g L W G
+ 1 .6 6 k g L W G
R e s p o n s e o f s h e e p fe d to ta l m ix e d ra tio n s c o n ta in in g 7 0 % o f u n tre a te d , 2 C C T
tre a te d a n d s te a m tre a te d ric e s tra w
( Unpublished ILRI-IICT data)
Blümmel et al (2019)l
15. Combinations of spin-off technologies for upgrading straws and
stover as animal feed
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0
1 8
2 0
2 2
2 4
2 6
2 8
3 0
3 2
3 4
3 6
3 8
4 0
4 2
4 4
4 6
W e e k s o f e x p e rim e n ta tio n
OMI(g/kgLW)
T M R w ith 2 C C tre a te d rice s tra w
T M R w ith ste a m tre a te d rice s tra w
T M R w ith u n tre a te d rice stra w l
x = 3 4 .1
x = 3 9 .9
x = 28.3
+ 3 .9 2 k g L W G
+ 6 .1 2 k g L W G
+ 1 .6 6 k g L W G
R e s p o n s e o f s h e e p fe d to ta l m ix e d ra tio n s c o n ta in in g 7 0 % o f u n tre a te d , 2 C C T
tre a te d a n d s te a m tre a te d ric e s tra w
( Unpublished ILRI-IICT data)
Steam Explosion (SE) effect on higher intake
2CCT effect on higher digestibility
Preliminary observation: SE + 2CCTlight adds more than 14 percent units IVOMD to only SE treatment
16. Conclusions and way forward
• Leveraging spin-off technologies from 2nd gen biofuel (developed for a
completely different objective) provide exiting opportunities for
upgrading feeding values of straws and stover
• It will not be farmer technologies but embedded into private sector
entrepreneurship offering a win-win situation:
Increase availability of affordable off-farm produced feed
Generate income and employment opportunities through SMEs
• Preliminary cost: benefit analysis about 1: 2
• Business models currently theoretically explored: 500 kg/d to 10 t/d