This document analyzes blood typing results from 4 patients and determines their blood types based on agglutination reactions with different blood serum samples. It finds that patient 3, Mr. Green, has type AB blood based on agglutinating with anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh serum. The document also discusses how blood types are determined, similarities and differences between agglutinogens and agglutinins, causes of erythroblastosis fetalis, and the importance of proper blood lab procedures and sterilization to minimize disease transmission.

1. Name: Zach
Date: 2/8/2013
Analysis
Table 1
Anti-A Serum Anti-B Serum Anti-Rh Serum Blood Type
Slide 1- Mrs. Smith Agglutilation No Agglutilation Agglutilation A
Slide 2- Mr. Jones No agglutilation Agglutilation No agglutilation B
Slide 3- Mr. Green Agglutilation Agglutilation Agglutilation AB
Slide 4- Ms. Brown No agglutilation No agglutilation No agglutilation O
1) Choose one of the following patients:
a) Mr. Smith, Mr. Jones, Mr. Green, Ms. Brown= Mr. Green
b) Using the information shown in Figure 1 on Blood type and the data recorded in Table 1, What
agglutinogens are present on the patient’s RBC’s? A and B
c) What ABO agglutinin(s) is/are found in the patient’s Plasma? Neither anti-A or anti-B
d) What is the patient’s blood type? AB
e) If this patient needed a transfusion, what blood type(s) could this patient safely receive? O, A, B,
AB
f) What blood type(s) could safely receive this patient’s blood? AB
2) Below is the information representing the blood type analysis of a new patient (patient X). From the
information obtained, fill out the medical technologist report.
A: Agglutination Medical technologist’s report
B: No Agglutination  ABO Type: Anti-B
Rh: Agglutination  Rh Type: Rh+
3) Compare and Contrast agglutinogens and agglutinins. In the diagram show at least 2 similarities and
2 differences.
Agglutinogens Agglutinins

2. Differences Similarities Differences
On red cell membranes, Can’t mix with eachother, or Describes the antibodies
characterize the different ABO else fatal event known as dissolved in plasma that react
blood groups. These are transfusion reaction may occur. with specific blood group
antigens. Found in blood. Substances of antigens or agglutinogens.
protein. These are antibodies.
4) Pretend you went with your class on a medical career field trip to a local hospital. One of the stops
on the visit was to the hospital’s blood lab. The medical technologist at this stop gave a
demonstration of how blood types are determined. Your job is to write a paragraph for the school
newspaper on the visit to the blood lab, summarizing what you’ve learned about how ABO/Rh blood
groups are determined. Write a paragraph and include the title.
Medical Students Visit Local Hospital
A group of our school’s medical students recently visited a local hospital with hopes of learning
more about their near future in the medical field. Upon arriving, the Nurses quickly started the tour
which first included the blood lab. Students recall that in the blood lab they learned about how
ABO/Rh blood groups are determined. To determine ABO blood groups, it depends on the antigens
present on the red blood cell membranes. Type A blood has Antigen-A antigensd on the RBC’s, type
B blood has Antigen-B antigens on the RBC’s, type AB has both Antigen-A and Antigen-B on the
RBC’s, and type O has neither Antigen-A or Antigen-B antigens present on the RBC’s. So depending
on the antigens present on the RBC’s a scientisit can determine a person’s ABO blood group. In
order to determine a person’s RH blood group there can be positive or negative RH blood. In Rh-
positive blood the Rh antigen is present on its RBC’s, and Rh-negative blood has red blood cells that
do not have an RH antigen on them. Students reported their findings, and are informed a lot about
the Rh and ABO blood groups after their visit last week.
5) List at least 3 situations where blood typing could be used.
a) Blood transfusions
b) Medico-legal situations when determiningdisputed paternity
c) To avoid transfusion fatalities (different blood groups mixing)
6) Define Erythroblastosis Fetalis. Condition of a fetus or infant caused by the mother’s Rh antibodies
reacting with the baby’s Rh-positive red blood cells, characterized by massive agglutination of the
blood and resulting in life-threatening circulatory problems for the infant.
a) Describe the sequence of events that lead to this condition.
First, blood doesn’t normally contain anti-Rh antibodies, however they can appear if the Rh-
negative person, provided Rh-positive RBC’s and combined at some point in the bloodstream.
The person’s body starts making anti-Rh antibodies, and can happen during pregnancy. If the
baby inherits the Rh-positive trait from the father, the Rh factor on the RBCs may stimulate the
mother to form anti-Rh antibodies. If she later carries an Rh-positive fetus, the fetus may
develop this disease.

3. b) What might be some benefits if the medical profession developed a shot or vaccination that
could desensitize an Rh+ situation? The benefits would be a decrease of the risk to the Rh+
babies of pregnancies. You could then bring Rh+ blood to Rh- individual in natural life.
7) You are a type A eryhthorocyte placing an ad in the personals and you are seeking a compatible
mate for a long lasting transfusion. Create an ad to be submitted to the newspaper.
SEARCHING FOR A BLOOD MATE – Must be blood type A or O to receive! Call me at 1-800-
INEEDBLOOD.
8) Another important diagnostic tool used by medical technologist is determining a patient’s blood cell
count, for both red blood cells and white blood cells. When this procedure is performed, one
technique used is to take multiple samples and calculate the average. This method of multiple
sampling is a standard procedure in scientific and medical investigations. Discuss why this method is
important in blood typing. The multiple sampling strategy, gives a more accurate sampling. This is
important in blood typing because it provides a more accurate blood type limiting contamination
and human error so that way blood types are determined accurately without error or human
contamination.
9) Each year thousands of people contract blood borne diseases. What could be done in a clinical
blood lab to minimize the risk of obtaining or spreading a blood borne disease? Everything needs to
be constantly sterilized, and properly labeled along with being stored at proper temperatures to
prevent any bacteria growing in the blood.
10) In a short paragraph, identify what you think may be the next important breakthrough, milestone or
discovery in the study of blood and blood diseases and explain why. I think the next important
breakthough is synthetic blood that can be used for everyone, regardless of blood type. This will
reduce the number of blood donors needed if blood can be created in a lab. It will also cause less
difficulty in finding a blood match because the exact type needed can be made.