This document analyzes blood typing results from 4 patients and asks a series of questions to assess understanding of blood typing and related concepts. Table 1 shows results of agglutination tests with different blood sera for each patient, identifying their blood types as A+, B-, AB+, and O-. Subsequent questions define blood type antigens and antibodies, explore transfusion compatibility, compare agglutinogens and agglutinins, discuss determining blood types in a lab demonstration, outline situations requiring blood typing, define erythroblastosis fetalis and methods to prevent it, draft a personal ad for a type A erythrocyte, explain the importance of multiple sampling in blood typing, discuss minimizing disease transmission in blood labs, and propose finding a

1. Name: Click here to enter text.
Date: 6 Febuary 2013
Analysis
Table 1
Anti-A Serum Anti-B Serum Anti-Rh Serum Blood Type
Slide 1- Mrs. Smith agglutination No agglutination Agglutiniation A+
Slide 2- Mr. Jones No agglutination agglutination no agglutination B-
Slide 3- Mr. Green agglutination agglutination agglutinatoin AB+
Slide 4- Ms. Brown No agglutination No agglutination No agglutiniation O-
1) Choose one of the following patients:
a) Mr. Smith, Mr. Jones, Mr. Green, Ms. Brown= Mr. Smith
b) Using the information shown in Figure 1 on Blood type and the data recorded in Table 1, What
agglutinogens are present on the patient’s RBC’s? A and Rh
c) What ABO agglutinin(s) is/are found in the patient’s Plasma? B
d) What is the patient’s blood type? Blood type A
e) If this patient needed a transfusion, what blood type(s) could this patient safely receive? He can
receive O and A
f) What blood type(s) could safely receive this patient’s blood?HE can receive A and AB
2) Below is the information representing the blood type analysis of a new patient (patient X). From the
information obtained, fill out the medical technologist report.
A: Agglutination Medical technologist’s report
B: No Agglutination ABO Type: B
Rh: Agglutination Rh Type: A and Rh
3) Compare and Contrast agglutinogens and agglutinins. In the diagram show at least 2 similarities and
2 differences.
Agglutinogens Agglutinins

2. Differences Similarities Differences
On red cell membranes, Can’t mix with eachother, or People with Type O blood have
agglutinins A and B in their blood
characterize the different ABO else fatal event known as plasma.
blood groups. These are transfusion reaction may occur.
anigens. Found in blood. Substances of
protein.
4) Pretend you went with your class on a medical career field trip to a local hospital. One of the stops
on the visit was to the hospital’s blood lab. The medical technologist at this stop gave a
demonstration of how blood types are determined. Your job is to write a paragraph for the school
newspaper on the visit to the blood lab, summarizing what you’ve learned about how ABO/Rh blood
groups are determined. Write a paragraph and include the title.
My AMP class recently visited a local hospital with intentions of learning more about healthcare and
careers in the medical field. An intriguing stop on the tour was the blood lab. My classmates recall
that in the blood lab they learned how ABO and Rh blood groups are determined. To determine ABO
blood groups, it depends on the antigens present on the red blood cell membranes. Type A blood
has antigen- Aantignesd on the RBC’s. So depending on the anitgens present on the RBC/s scientist
can determine a person’s ABO blood group. In order to determine a person’s Rh blood group there
can be positive or negative Rh blood. In Rh-positive blood the Rh antigen is present on is RBC’s, and
Rh-negative blood has red blood cells that do not have an Rh antigen on them. My classmates
reported their findings, and are informed a lot about the Rh and ABO blood groups after their visit
last week.
5) List at least 3 situations where blood typing could be used.
a) Blood transfusion
b) Surgery
c) Paternity disputes
6) Define Erythroblastosis Fetalis. Caused by the mother’s Rh antibodies reacting with the baby’s Rh-
positive cells.
a) Describe the sequence of events that lead to this condition. First, blood doesn’t normally
contain anti-Rh antibodies, however they can appear if the Rh-negative person, provided Rh-
positive RBC’s and combined at some point in the bloodstream. The person’s body starts making
anti-Rh antibodies, and it can happen during pregnancy. If the baby inherits the Rh-positve trait
from the father, the Rh factor on the RBC’s may stimulate the mother to form anti-Rh
antibodies. If she later carries and Rh-positve fetus, the fetus may develop the disease.
b) What might be some benefits if the medical profession developed a shot or vaccination that
could desensitize an Rh+ situation?The benefits would decrease of the risk to the Rh+ babies of
preganancies. You could then bring Rh+ blood to the Rh- individual into natural life.
7) You are a type A eryhthorocyte placing an ad in the personals and you are seeking a compatible
mate for a long lasting transfusion. Create an ad to be submitted to the newspaper.

3. I am a type Aerythrorocyte and I am seeking a compatible mate for a long lasting transfusion. Mate
must be looking to satisfy diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. I am a red blooded type A
personally but consider myself very flexible when flowing through capillaries. Lacking a cell nucleus
is totally okay.
8) Another important diagnostic tool used by medical technologist is determining a patient’s blood cell
count, for both red blood cells and white blood cells. When this procedure is performed, one
technique used is to take multiple samples and calculate the average. This method of multiple
sampling is a standard procedure in scientific and medical investigations. Discuss why this method is
important in blood typing. The multiple sampling strategy, gives a more accurate sampling. This is
very important in blood typing because it provides more accurate blood type limiting contamination
and human error so that way blood types are determined accurately without error or
humancontaminations.
9) Each year thousands of people contract blood borne diseases. What could be done in a clinical
blood lab to minimize the risk of obtaining or spreading a blood borne disease?Making sure that
sharps containers are disposed of properly and educating nurses and patients about the dangers of
being stuck by a needle.
10) In a short paragraph, identify what you think may be the next important breakthrough, milestone or
discovery in the study of blood and blood diseases and explain why. I think finding a way to cure
HIV/AIDS and end the epidemic would be a huge breakthrough and discovery in the study of blood
diseases. So many people fall prey to it every year and it it because of the miscommunications we
as humans have and the lack of education received.