This document discusses different types of word formation processes: blending, clipping, compounding, borrowing, and acronyms. Blending involves combining two words to form a new term, like "smog." Clipping is shortening words in casual speech, like "fax." Compounding joins words, like "doorknob." Borrowing incorporates words from other languages for necessity or prestige. Acronyms form new words from the initial letters of phrases, pronounced as individual letters or as words.

1. 1. Blending
The combination of two separate words to produce a single new
term is called blending.
Examples:
Forming Words Blending Forming Words Blending
1. binary + digit = bit 8. modulator + demodulator = modem
2. smoke + fog = smog 9. television + broadcast = telecast
3. smoke + murk = smurk 10. information +
entertainment
=
infotainment
4. channel +
tunnel
= chunnel 11. smack + mash = smash
5. smoke + haze = smaze 12. teleprinter + exchange = telex
6. motor + hotel = motel 13. transfer + resistor = transtor
7. breakfast +
lunch
= brunch 14. television + marathon = telethon

2. 2. Clipping
When a word that more than one syllable is reduced to a
shorter form of usual casual speech, it is called as
clipping.
a. Facsimile = fax
b. Mathematics = math
c. Dormitory = dorm
d. Fanatic = fan
e. Influenza = flu
f. Telephone = phone
g. Gymnasium = gym
h. Albert = Al
i. Edward = Ed
j. Susan = Sue

3. 3. Compounding
The word formation of compounding is by
joining of two separate words to produce a
single form. Examples:
bookcase, doorknob, fingerprint, sunburn,
textbook, wallpaper, wastebasket,
schoolbag and waterbed.
All those examples are nouns, but we can
also create compound adjectives such as
good-looking, low-paid and compounds of
adjective (fast) plus noun (food) as in fast-
food or full-time, or such a bird species:
blackbird.

4. 4. Borrowing
Why do speakers
borrow words from
other languages?

5. First reason is for necessity. People need to develop
words for new and unfamiliar concepts – new
technology, new plants and animals, and new and
unfamiliar foods
Second, it is for prestige. If certain cultures are associated
with particular prestigious activities, it is common for the
words associated with that activity to come from the
language of that culture.
 When a word is borrowed, it is often gradually changed
so that it fits the phonological and morphological
structure of the borrowing language or dialect.

6. When a word is borrowed, it is often
gradually changed so that it fits the
phonological and morphological
structure of the borrowing language or
dialect.

7. 5. Acronym
New words are formed from the initial letters of a set of
other words.
a. Pronuncing each separate letter; CD, DVD, SMA,
ATM.
b. Pronuncing as new single word; NATO, NASA, STAIN,
PIN.
c. Pronuncing as everyday terms; Radar = Radio
Detecting and Ranging, Laser = Light amplification by
stimulated emission of radiation)