OMICS Group is an organization committed to making scientific research openly accessible. It hosts over 400 peer-reviewed open access journals and organizes over 300 international conferences annually. The organization has over 3 million readers for its journals. It aims to serve the scientific community by ensuring a rapid peer review process from its large editorial board of over 30,000 reviewers. OMICS Group also partners with over 1000 international societies to make healthcare information openly accessible. It welcomes high-quality research submissions and follows a peer review process to maintain journal excellence.
Key question:
Could the plague ever re-emerge on a similar level in the twenty-first century?
Due to the potential seriousness of the disease this is a subject worthy of epidemiological consideration and research.
Pathogenesis of microbial infections dr. ihsan alsaimarydr.Ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Key question:
Could the plague ever re-emerge on a similar level in the twenty-first century?
Due to the potential seriousness of the disease this is a subject worthy of epidemiological consideration and research.
Pathogenesis of microbial infections dr. ihsan alsaimarydr.Ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Superbugs and the role of diagnostics explainedeucomed
Realising the role of in vitro diagnostics in tackling antibiotic resistance, the European Diagnostic Manufacturers Association (EDMA) in conjunction with AdvamedDx and GMTA hosted a side-event at the WHO’s World Health Assembly “The Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance: Are Diagnostics Winning?” The event identified existing gaps in tackling AMR while highlighting the role of diagnostics.
So what is the role of diagnostics in antibiotic resistance? Are diagnostics winning?
Biological terrorism dates as far back as ancient Roman civilization. This early version of biological terrorism was used to destroy enemy forces. It continued on into the 14th century.
pathogenesis of microbial infections dr. ihsan alsaimarydr.Ihsan alsaimary
prof . dr. ihsan edan alsaimary
department of microbiology - college of medicine - university of basrah - basrah -IRAQ
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
00964 7801410838
Presentation on the examination of microbiological data for assessment and trending.
Includes: normalizing data, graphs, and assessment of alert and action levels.
Superbugs and the role of diagnostics explainedeucomed
Realising the role of in vitro diagnostics in tackling antibiotic resistance, the European Diagnostic Manufacturers Association (EDMA) in conjunction with AdvamedDx and GMTA hosted a side-event at the WHO’s World Health Assembly “The Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance: Are Diagnostics Winning?” The event identified existing gaps in tackling AMR while highlighting the role of diagnostics.
So what is the role of diagnostics in antibiotic resistance? Are diagnostics winning?
Biological terrorism dates as far back as ancient Roman civilization. This early version of biological terrorism was used to destroy enemy forces. It continued on into the 14th century.
pathogenesis of microbial infections dr. ihsan alsaimarydr.Ihsan alsaimary
prof . dr. ihsan edan alsaimary
department of microbiology - college of medicine - university of basrah - basrah -IRAQ
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
00964 7801410838
Presentation on the examination of microbiological data for assessment and trending.
Includes: normalizing data, graphs, and assessment of alert and action levels.
Considering: Environmental monitoring guidance, Background to USP <1116>, Main changes and debates Method limitations, Incident rates, Frequencies of monitoring, Locations of monitoring, Other changes, Regulatory issues and Rapid methods
The two most commonly used within microbiology are
HACCP (which originated in the food industry) and FMEA
(developed for engineering). This article explores these two
approaches, first with a description of HACCP, followed by a
description and case study of FMEA in sterility testing.
An introduction to the international cleanroom standard ISO 14644 and the 2015 revisions to Parts 1 and 2. The focus is on particulate and contamination control.
What is likely to go into the revised Annex 1, including:
Terminal sterilisation vs aseptic processing
WFI produced by reverse osmosis
Guidance for media simulation trials
This remains speculative
Travel-related infectious diseases on the rise
International travel has an important role in the transmission of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases across geographical areas.
Since 1980, the world has been threatened by different waves of emerging disease epidemics.
In the twenty-first century, these diseases have become an increasing global concern because of their health and economic impacts in both developed and resource-constrained countries.
It is difficult to stop the occurrence of new pathogens in the future due to the interconnection among humans, animals, and the environment.
As many as 43%–79% of travelers to low- and middle-income countries become ill with a travel-related health problem.
Although most of these illnesses are mild, some travelers become sick enough to seek care from a health care provider.
Microbiologists carry out a lot of environmental montoring, but is this sufficiently focused? Are too many samples taken? Are samples taken in the wrong locations or at the wrong frequency? Some ideas are presented.
Overview of the key requirements ofelectronic data management systems in relation to pharmaceuticals and healthcare facilities. This includes the importance of computerised systems controls and defenitions of data. The presentation includes the importance of validation and quality assurance aspects.
Risk management tools and techniques for environmental monitoring:
Application of HACCP for selecting environmental monitoring locations; Use of risk filtering to determine frequencies of monitoring ; Applying FMEA to assess risks from process equipment – a sterility testing isolator.
Overview of the apporach to non-compliances and related matters. Appropriate training for analysts on how to perform the tests and steps to take when obtaining OOS results should be implemented . The use of root cause analysis tools when finding an OOS should also be available for review.
Introduction – the ‘great’ myths
Colony Forming Units – what are they?
Microbiology laboratory cabinets – always work?
Media growth promotion – can it be skipped?
Microbial distribution in cleanrooms – free floating?
Environmental monitoring parameters – can they be pre-set?
Bunsen burners needed to create aseptic space– or not?
Identification results– always believable?
Application of FMEA to a Sterility Testing Isolator: A Case StudyTim Sandle, Ph.D.
Presentation on Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, in the pharmaceutical context. Covering:
Introduction to risk assessment
What are risks?
Advantages and disadvantages of FMEA
Applying FMEA to review a sterility testing isolator – case study
Pharmaceutical Microbiology: Current and Future Challenges Tim Sandle, Ph.D.
The changing environment for pharmaceutical microbiology
Limitations of methods
Need for new (rapid) methods
Separating people form processes
Single-use technologies
Environmental monitoring programme
Best practices
Rapid methods
Contamination control strategy
Objectionable organisms
Burkholderia cepacia complex
Why use reference materials?
The importance of reference materials
Different categories of reference materials.
Different classes of reference materials.
Standards for reference materials.
How reference materials are prepared and assessed.
How reference materials are used.
GxP is a general abbreviation for the "good practice" quality guidelines and regulations. These slides provide an overview of current regulations, with a focus on pharmaceuticals and healthcare.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
1. OMICS Group
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4. Black Death
Analysis of DNA from victims in
northern and southern Europe
published in 2010 and 2011 indicates
that the pathogen responsible was
the Yersinia pestis bacterium,
probably causing several forms of
plague.
Yersinia pestis (formerly Pasteurella
pestis) is a Gram-negative rod-
shaped coccobacillus, a facultative
anaerobic bacterium that can infect
humans and animals.
Human Y. pestis infection takes
three main forms: pneumonic,
septicemic, and bubonic plagues.All
three forms were responsible for a
number of high-mortality epidemics
throughout human history
A scanning electron microscope
micrograph depicting a mass of
Yersinia pestis bacteria.
5. Immunological and physiological effects
Those infected with the bacteria
develop symptoms that can
include swollen, tender lymph
glands, fever, headache, chills,
and weakness. Other symptoms
may include muscle pain and
seizures. The human body is
generally unsuccessful in
fighting the disease because
cells of Y. pestis can resist
phagocytosis.
Image from the recently unearthed
London Plague Pits.
See:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/20
13/mar/15/black-death-victims-city-
london
6. Pathogenic re-emergence?
Key question:
Could the plague ever re-emerge on a similar level in the
twenty-first century?
Due to the potential seriousness of the disease this is a
subject worthy of epidemiological consideration and
research.
7. History
The Black Death is the name given to a deadly plague
(often called bubonic plague, but is more likely to be
pneumonic plague) which was rampant during the
Fourteenth Century.
In Medieval England, the Black Death was to kill 1.5
million people out of an estimated total of 4 million
people between 1348 and 1350.
It was believed to have arrived from Asia in late 1348
and caused more than one epidemic in that century -
though its impact on English society from 1348 to 1350
was terrible.
8. Historical origins of the bacterium
The bacterium seemingly evolved several thousand
years ago from a far more benign, gut dwelling bug
called Y. pseudotuberculosi (one of a group of relatively
benign intestinal diseases).
It is unknown if Y. pestis caused all causes of plague
during this period, although it stands as the main the
etiologic agent (many of the skeletons exhumed from
'plague pits') have been tested using a rapid diagnostic
test for the detection of Y. pestis F1 antigen to confirm
the cause of their death.
9. Vectors
Until recently the Black Death was thought to have been
caused by fleas carried by rats that were very common in
towns and cities. When the fleas bit into their victims, it
was thought they were literally injecting them with the
disease.
New evidence from human remains in the north of the City
of London (paleotraumatological evidences) suggests that
fleas could not actually have been responsible for an
infection that spread so fast - it had to be airborne.
Once the disease reached the lungs of the malnourished, it
was then spread to the wider population through sneezes
and coughs.
10. Key research questions
One debate that has arisen from such finds is whether the
major plague pandemics simply stand as historic events or
whether they could ever re-occur on a similar scale and
with similar virulence?
Analysis of the Great Plague of Marseille, which caused
100,000 deaths between 1720 and 1723.
There are issues we are facing with infectious diseases today,
The case allows us to identify the best ways to respond to
epidemics,
The case begs the question whether we are still at risk of the
plague re-emerging again?
11. Consideration of the question
A number of factors show populations are still at risk
of plague today.
This is due to several reasons including:
Transport and trade,
Threats in developing countries where multi-drug
resistant pathogens are currently emerging and
spreading rapidly.
These global problems would require responses at
various intersecting levels of public health and
political authority: global, national, and local.
12. Plague cases remain global
Cases of plague continue to be reported. In 1994 and
2010 cases were reported in Peru; and in the USA cases
were reported in Oregon and Colorado.
Globally, most human cases since the 1990s have
occurred in Africa.
However, cases are currently small in number.
Typically Between 1,000 and 2,000 cases each year are
reported to the World Health Organization, although
this is likely to be an underestimation.
But – if certain risk factors combine –an epidemic
could potentially occur.
13. Other considerations
Concern stems from the genetic analysis of the plague
causing bacterium.
Studies have found that the Y. pestis had a similar genetic
structure to the bacterium that causes leprosy.
Additionally research suggests that Y. pestis continues to
evolve; the concern is whether this evolutionary trajectory is
towards an even more dangerous pathogen or into one and
may one day develop into an microorganism that poses no
threat to the cells of its host.
Currently the main treatment is with the use of
fluoroquinolones drug class. There is no reason why, however,
the target bacterium should not develop antibiotic resistance
should the drug be over-used.
14. Summary
The potential for global spread exists. Y. pestis is
capable of causing catastrophic human epidemics and
was certainly responsible for great epidemics in the
past.
The potential for genetic modification to the
bacterium remains a possibility.
15. Dr. Tim Sandle
Dr. Sandle is a chartered biologist.
He has over twenty-five years
experience of microbiological
research.
Dr. Sandle is a tutor with the School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Manchester
for the university’s pharmaceutical
microbiology MSc course.
In addition, Dr. Sandle serves on
several national and international
committees relating to
pharmaceutical microbiology and
cleanroom contamination control .
He is a member of several editorials
boards for scientific journals.
Dr Sandle’s website is:
http://www.pharmamicroresources.
com/
16. Ancient Diseases & Preventive Remedies
Related Journals
Journal of Infectious Diseases and
Therapy
Mycobacterial Diseases
Air & Water Borne Diseases
17. 3rd International Conference on Predictive, Preventive,
Personalized Medicine & Molecular Diagnostics
3rd International Congress on Bacteriology &
Infectious diseases
Ancient Diseases & Preventive
Remedies
Related Conferences
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