Birads mamo n usg dr sumit
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BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) standardizes breast imaging terminology and reporting to reduce confusion and facilitate quality assessment. It contains standardized descriptors for mammography, ultrasound, and MRI findings. Reports should adhere closely to the BI-RADS lexicon and assessment categories. In BI-RADS 2013, percentages of breast density are discouraged as indicators of cancer risk; instead, the ability of fibroglandular tissue to obscure masses is considered. Dense breast tissue can obscure detection of early cancer but also carries an increased risk of developing cancer.
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Breast imaging power point
The document provides information about various breast imaging techniques and biopsy procedures. It discusses the appearance of masses and lesions on mammography including characteristics like shape, margin, density, and enhancement patterns. It also describes different types of calcifications and their typical benign or suspicious morphologies. Additionally, the document outlines procedures for fine needle biopsy, core needle biopsy, and vacuum-assisted biopsy. Key details about each technique are given, such as how samples are obtained and analyzed to determine if a growth is benign or malignant.
BIRADS, Breast Ultrasound, mamography
The document discusses BI-RADS, a standardized system for breast imaging reporting and assessment. It provides standardized terminology (descriptors) for mammography, ultrasound, and MRI findings. All breast imaging reports should adhere closely to the BI-RADS lexicon and assessment categories to reduce confusion and facilitate outcome monitoring. The document also discusses different breast tissue compositions, common benign and suspicious findings on mammograms such as asymmetries and calcifications, and how these findings are classified and should be reported.
Bi Rads Breast
The document discusses the BI-RADS (Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System) which classifies breast lesions identified on mammography, ultrasound, or MRI into categories based on assessment and risk of malignancy. It describes the 6 BI-RADS assessment categories ranging from BI-RADS 0, where additional imaging is needed, to BI-RADS VI for a known biopsy-proven malignancy. Key descriptors are provided for describing masses, calcifications, architectural distortion and other findings. The goal of BI-RADS is to standardize breast imaging reporting and ensure appropriate clinical management based on cancer risk.
Imaging in breast cancer
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Imaging techniques like mammography, ultrasound, and MRI play an important role in the diagnosis and screening of breast cancer. Mammography remains the primary screening method, but ultrasound and MRI provide additional information. Findings on imaging are categorized using the BI-RADS assessment system to indicate likelihood of malignancy and guide need for biopsy or additional follow-up.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of beign breast diseases
This document summarizes radiological imaging findings of various benign breast diseases. It describes imaging modalities used and findings for conditions such as ductal ectasia with inspissated secretion, fibroadenoma, cystosarcoma phyllodes, fibrocystic disease, idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, lupus mastitis, epidermal inclusion cyst, perilobular hemangioma, and hydatid cyst. Dynamic contrast MRI, diffusion MRI, MR spectroscopy, and ultrasound findings are presented for some conditions like fibroadenoma. Cyst morphology and characteristics are also detailed.
Mammography
Mammography is the cornerstone imaging modality for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. It involves two standard views - craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique. Additional spot views may be needed based on findings. Image quality is optimized through use of specific equipment like molybdenum targets, grids, and compression to reduce thickness. Mammography finds masses and suspicious calcifications and uses the BI-RADS assessment system to characterize findings and guide need for biopsy. Regular screening can detect cancers early and improve outcomes.
MRI carcinoma Uterus and Cervix
This document provides information on endometrial carcinoma, cervical cancer, and uterine sarcomas as assessed by MRI. It begins with an overview of endometrial carcinoma histology and prognosis factors. It then details the MRI protocol for evaluating these cancers, including sequences used. The document describes the typical MRI appearances of these cancers and their stages according to FIGO classification. It concludes with sections on the MRI features of various uterine sarcomas, including leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma, and adenosarcoma.
Digital breast tomosynthesis
About DBT , do check out note section also some of the slide contents are in the note section of slides this slide is made just as in intro of DBT
Recommended
Breast imaging power point
The document provides information about various breast imaging techniques and biopsy procedures. It discusses the appearance of masses and lesions on mammography including characteristics like shape, margin, density, and enhancement patterns. It also describes different types of calcifications and their typical benign or suspicious morphologies. Additionally, the document outlines procedures for fine needle biopsy, core needle biopsy, and vacuum-assisted biopsy. Key details about each technique are given, such as how samples are obtained and analyzed to determine if a growth is benign or malignant.
BIRADS, Breast Ultrasound, mamography
The document discusses BI-RADS, a standardized system for breast imaging reporting and assessment. It provides standardized terminology (descriptors) for mammography, ultrasound, and MRI findings. All breast imaging reports should adhere closely to the BI-RADS lexicon and assessment categories to reduce confusion and facilitate outcome monitoring. The document also discusses different breast tissue compositions, common benign and suspicious findings on mammograms such as asymmetries and calcifications, and how these findings are classified and should be reported.
Bi Rads Breast
The document discusses the BI-RADS (Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System) which classifies breast lesions identified on mammography, ultrasound, or MRI into categories based on assessment and risk of malignancy. It describes the 6 BI-RADS assessment categories ranging from BI-RADS 0, where additional imaging is needed, to BI-RADS VI for a known biopsy-proven malignancy. Key descriptors are provided for describing masses, calcifications, architectural distortion and other findings. The goal of BI-RADS is to standardize breast imaging reporting and ensure appropriate clinical management based on cancer risk.
Imaging in breast cancer
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Imaging techniques like mammography, ultrasound, and MRI play an important role in the diagnosis and screening of breast cancer. Mammography remains the primary screening method, but ultrasound and MRI provide additional information. Findings on imaging are categorized using the BI-RADS assessment system to indicate likelihood of malignancy and guide need for biopsy or additional follow-up.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of beign breast diseases
This document summarizes radiological imaging findings of various benign breast diseases. It describes imaging modalities used and findings for conditions such as ductal ectasia with inspissated secretion, fibroadenoma, cystosarcoma phyllodes, fibrocystic disease, idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, lupus mastitis, epidermal inclusion cyst, perilobular hemangioma, and hydatid cyst. Dynamic contrast MRI, diffusion MRI, MR spectroscopy, and ultrasound findings are presented for some conditions like fibroadenoma. Cyst morphology and characteristics are also detailed.
Mammography
Mammography is the cornerstone imaging modality for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. It involves two standard views - craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique. Additional spot views may be needed based on findings. Image quality is optimized through use of specific equipment like molybdenum targets, grids, and compression to reduce thickness. Mammography finds masses and suspicious calcifications and uses the BI-RADS assessment system to characterize findings and guide need for biopsy. Regular screening can detect cancers early and improve outcomes.
MRI carcinoma Uterus and Cervix
This document provides information on endometrial carcinoma, cervical cancer, and uterine sarcomas as assessed by MRI. It begins with an overview of endometrial carcinoma histology and prognosis factors. It then details the MRI protocol for evaluating these cancers, including sequences used. The document describes the typical MRI appearances of these cancers and their stages according to FIGO classification. It concludes with sections on the MRI features of various uterine sarcomas, including leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma, and adenosarcoma.
Digital breast tomosynthesis
About DBT , do check out note section also some of the slide contents are in the note section of slides this slide is made just as in intro of DBT
Spiculate breast mass
The document discusses how to analyze mammogram images to identify abnormalities. Key steps include assessing quality, comparing left and right images, and systematically searching for masses, calcifications, distortions and other findings. Features of benign and malignant lesions are described, such as shapes of calcifications or margins of masses. Ultrasound may also be used to further evaluate lesions identified on mammogram. Lesions are categorized using BI-RADS assessment to determine if additional imaging or biopsy is needed.
BI-RADS (MAMMOGRAPHY)
The document describes the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) for mammography. It discusses breast composition categories from entirely fatty to extremely dense. It outlines important mammographic findings including masses, asymmetries, architectural distortions, and calcifications. It provides details on screening factors like history of cancer. It further defines different types of asymmetries and includes examples of mammographic findings.
Sonographic evaluation of breast Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Ultrasound is useful for evaluating breast lesions. It can differentiate between solid and cystic masses. Elastography further helps characterize lesions by assessing tissue stiffness. Benign lesions tend to be softer and more homogeneous while malignant lesions are typically stiffer and heterogeneous. Elastography can potentially upgrade or downgrade BI-RADS assessments. For example, a BI-RADS 3 lesion may be upgraded to 4 if seen as stiff on elastography, or a BI-RADS 4a lesion may be downgraded to 3 if appearing soft and homogeneous. Elastography provides additional information to ultrasound for more accurate characterization of breast abnormalities.
Mammography presentation
Digital mammography has largely replaced film mammography. Digital mammography provides higher resolution images and allows radiologists to adjust brightness and magnification. Standard views include craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views of each breast. Digital mammography is more accurate than film for premenopausal women under 50 with dense breasts but film may be slightly better for women over 65 with fatty breasts.
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This document discusses the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to analyze brain metabolites. It describes how MRS can detect specific metabolites and changes in their concentrations that indicate different disease states. Key points covered include:
- MRS can detect metabolites like NAA, creatine, choline, myo-inositol, and lactate.
- Different concentrations and ratios of these metabolites provide information about conditions like tumors, strokes, infections, demyelinating diseases, and epilepsy.
- MRS is useful for characterizing lesions, determining tumor grade, and evaluating treatment response.
- Specific metabolite patterns can help distinguish conditions like brain tumors from abscesses.
Imaging of breast pathologies
This document discusses breast imaging modalities and the BI-RADS system for categorizing findings. Mammography remains the cornerstone imaging modality for breast screening and diagnosis. The BI-RADS system classifies lesions on a scale of 0-6 based on level of suspicion. Category 0 indicates need for more imaging. Categories 1-2 are benign or likely benign findings. Category 3 indicates short term follow up. Categories 4-5 indicate increasing suspicion of malignancy requiring biopsy. Category 6 is known biopsy-proven cancer. Common benign breast lesions discussed include fibroadenomas, papillomas, and duct ectasia.
imaging of soft tissue tumours
Soft tissue tumors are a heterogeneous group of lesions that arise from nonepithelial, extraskeletal tissues including adipose tissue, muscles, tendons, blood vessels and lymphatics. Imaging plays an important role in evaluating these tumors. There are nine major groups of soft tissue tumors including adipocytic tumors, vascular tumors, fibroblastic tumors, fibrohistiocytic tumors, smooth muscle tumors, skeletal muscle tumors, pericytic tumors, chondro-osseous tumors and tumors of uncertain differentiation. Lipoma is the most common benign adipocytic tumor while liposarcoma is a malignant adipocytic tumor. Hemangioma is a common benign vascular tumor and angiosarcoma is the most common
Mammography
This document provides an overview of breast anatomy, mammography techniques, mammogram findings, and clinical scenarios for breast imaging. It describes the three zones of breast anatomy and their relationships to chest wall structures. Mammography techniques discussed include basic projections, BI-RADS breast composition categories, and characteristics of masses, asymmetries, architectural distortions and calcifications. Clinical scenarios outlined the most appropriate imaging modalities for evaluating palpable lumps, discharge, pain, abnormal mammograms and assessing cancer treatment response.
Breast imaging
Breast imaging techniques have advanced significantly since the 1950s. Mammography was introduced in the 1960s and digital mammography in the 2000s improved image quality and reduced radiation exposure. Tomosynthesis was developed in the 2010s to reduce tissue superimposition by creating 1mm slices. Ultrasound is used as an adjunct to mammography to differentiate cysts from solid masses and guide biopsies. The BI-RADS classification system standardizes how breast imaging findings are reported and communicated. While mammography remains the primary breast cancer screening tool, tomosynthesis and ultrasound have improved cancer detection rates by reducing false negatives, especially for women with dense breasts.
Breast Ultrasound guided procedures
This document discusses using ultrasound guidance for breast procedures like cyst aspiration and biopsy. It describes how cyst aspiration is performed by inserting a needle under ultrasound guidance to drain fluid from cysts. It also outlines how to perform core biopsies on superficial and deep breast lesions using ultrasound to guide placement of the biopsy needle. Ultrasound is noted as an accurate and reliable method for guiding breast biopsies and cyst aspirations.
Breast imaging modalities
This document provides an overview of various breast imaging modalities including mammography, galactography/ductography, stereotactic guided procedures, digital tomosynthesis, ultrasound elastography, and MRI of the breast. Key imaging techniques are described such as mammography positioning, ductography technique, stereotactic biopsy procedures, and interpretation of ultrasound elastography images. Evaluation of breast lesions and interpretation of different imaging findings are also discussed.
Fusion IMAGING.pptx
Fusion imaging refers to combining two or more imaging modalities, such as ultrasound with CT or MRI, to provide improved diagnostic accuracy. This document discusses several hybrid imaging combinations, including PET-CT and SPECT-MRI. Fusion imaging allows for precise monitoring of interventional procedures while reducing radiation exposure. The process of fusing real-time ultrasound with MR images during hepatic interventions is described, along with applications for biopsy and ablation of liver lesions not clearly visible on ultrasound alone. Limitations include the need for a prior CT/MRI and challenges with synchronizing the images.
Presentation1, mri imaging of the prostate
This document discusses MRI for prostate cancer detection and the PI-RADS classification system. It provides details on:
1. Multiparametric MRI which combines T2-weighted, diffusion, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging to accurately detect clinically significant prostate cancer.
2. The PI-RADS classification system standardized prostate MRI acquisition, interpretation, and reporting. It describes PIRADS scores from 1 to 5 based on lesion appearance and characteristics on different MRI sequences.
3. Examples of MRI findings for different PIRADS scores, such as restricted diffusion and early enhancement indicating a higher grade tumor warranting biopsy.
MRI BREAST PPT
This document discusses breast MRI protocols, techniques, and the interpretation of findings. It provides details on coil and patient positioning, recommended MRI field strength, and standard breast MRI protocols. It discusses recognizing normal enhancing structures like vessels, nipples, and lymph nodes. Guidelines are presented for analyzing lesion enhancement and characterizing benign masses based on criteria like smooth margins, shape, homogeneous enhancement, fat content, T2 signal, and rim enhancement. Examples of benign findings like fibroadenomas and fat-containing lesions are also described.
Interventional mammography
This document provides information on interventional mammography procedures. It discusses what interventional procedures are and different types of breast biopsies including needle biopsies and open biopsies. Specific procedures covered include standard lesion localization, stereotactic lesion localization, ultrasound-guided biopsies, cyst aspirations, fine-needle aspiration biopsies, pneumocystography, and galactography. Maintaining sterile technique is emphasized when performing these minimally invasive diagnostic and treatment methods.
MAMMOGRAM
This document provides an overview of mammography, including its definition as an x-ray examination of the breast to detect changes, a brief overview of breast anatomy and the history of mammography, different types of mammography machines and procedures, indications and contraindications for mammography, how to read mammography results including different findings and the BI-RADS assessment category, and some recent advances in mammography technology including tomosynthesis, scintimammography, and its potential use for males.
Cystic masses of the breast by xiu
1. Cystic lesions are commonly seen in breast imaging and range from simple cysts to more complex cysts with solid components.
2. Simple cysts appear anechoic with thin walls and posterior enhancement, while complicated cysts have internal echoes and complex cysts have thick walls or solid components.
3. Differential diagnoses for cystic masses include galactoceles, hematomas, fat necrosis, abscesses, papillomas, and necrotic tumors. Careful evaluation of imaging features is needed to distinguish these entities.
Mammography
This document provides information about mammography, including its indications, types of examinations, basics, instrumentation, and procedures. Mammography uses low-energy x-rays to detect breast pathologies. It can be used for screening asymptomatic women, investigating breast lumps, or following up after breast surgery. Diagnostic mammograms use two or three views of each breast, while screening mammograms use a two-view protocol. Modern instrumentation includes flat panel detectors, grids, compression paddles, and automatic exposure control. Procedures involve craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views. Reporting follows the BI-RADS system for risk assessment.
TARGET DELINEATION OF PARAMETRIUM
This document provides guidelines for delineating the clinical target volume (CTV) for the parametrium in radiation therapy treatment planning for cervical cancer. It defines the parametrium as the fat and connective tissue surrounding the uterus. The boundaries of the parametrial CTV are described, including superiorly at the top of the fallopian tubes, inferiorly at the pelvic floor muscles, anteriorly at the posterior bladder wall, and posteriorly at the mesorectal fascia and uterosacral ligaments. Special consideration is given to delineation when the uterosacral ligaments are involved with disease based on clinical or radiological findings.
Mammography and recent advances dr avinash
mammography and recent advances includes some physics regarding x ray mammography with different views taken. then some recent advances in mammography like optical mammo and dual energy etc refrence taken from Yochum rowe essential of skeletal radiology, christensen radiology.
A Review of Segmentation of Mammographic Images Based on Breast Density
1) The document reviews approaches for segmenting breast regions in mammograms according to breast density. Breast density is an important risk factor for breast cancer.
2) Segmentation of mammographic images can identify glandular and fibroglandular tissues, which appear bright on mammograms. This segmentation is the first step in computer-aided detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.
3) Several approaches have been used for segmentation, including statistical methods based on Gaussian mixture modeling, thresholding techniques, and classification of breast density into categories like the BI-RADS system. Segmentation of specific breast regions like the pectoral muscle have also been studied.
Birads sono-mammography
This document provides an overview of the BI-RADS lexicon for mammography and ultrasound reporting. It discusses the standardized terminology and descriptors used to report breast composition, masses, calcifications, asymmetries and other findings. Key points include the BI-RADS categories for final assessment ranging from negative (1) to highly suggestive of malignancy (5). Standardized reporting aims to reduce confusion and facilitate monitoring and quality assessment.
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Spiculate breast mass
The document discusses how to analyze mammogram images to identify abnormalities. Key steps include assessing quality, comparing left and right images, and systematically searching for masses, calcifications, distortions and other findings. Features of benign and malignant lesions are described, such as shapes of calcifications or margins of masses. Ultrasound may also be used to further evaluate lesions identified on mammogram. Lesions are categorized using BI-RADS assessment to determine if additional imaging or biopsy is needed.
BI-RADS (MAMMOGRAPHY)
The document describes the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) for mammography. It discusses breast composition categories from entirely fatty to extremely dense. It outlines important mammographic findings including masses, asymmetries, architectural distortions, and calcifications. It provides details on screening factors like history of cancer. It further defines different types of asymmetries and includes examples of mammographic findings.
Sonographic evaluation of breast Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Ultrasound is useful for evaluating breast lesions. It can differentiate between solid and cystic masses. Elastography further helps characterize lesions by assessing tissue stiffness. Benign lesions tend to be softer and more homogeneous while malignant lesions are typically stiffer and heterogeneous. Elastography can potentially upgrade or downgrade BI-RADS assessments. For example, a BI-RADS 3 lesion may be upgraded to 4 if seen as stiff on elastography, or a BI-RADS 4a lesion may be downgraded to 3 if appearing soft and homogeneous. Elastography provides additional information to ultrasound for more accurate characterization of breast abnormalities.
Mammography presentation
Digital mammography has largely replaced film mammography. Digital mammography provides higher resolution images and allows radiologists to adjust brightness and magnification. Standard views include craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views of each breast. Digital mammography is more accurate than film for premenopausal women under 50 with dense breasts but film may be slightly better for women over 65 with fatty breasts.
MRS INTRODUCTION
This document discusses the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to analyze brain metabolites. It describes how MRS can detect specific metabolites and changes in their concentrations that indicate different disease states. Key points covered include:
- MRS can detect metabolites like NAA, creatine, choline, myo-inositol, and lactate.
- Different concentrations and ratios of these metabolites provide information about conditions like tumors, strokes, infections, demyelinating diseases, and epilepsy.
- MRS is useful for characterizing lesions, determining tumor grade, and evaluating treatment response.
- Specific metabolite patterns can help distinguish conditions like brain tumors from abscesses.
Imaging of breast pathologies
This document discusses breast imaging modalities and the BI-RADS system for categorizing findings. Mammography remains the cornerstone imaging modality for breast screening and diagnosis. The BI-RADS system classifies lesions on a scale of 0-6 based on level of suspicion. Category 0 indicates need for more imaging. Categories 1-2 are benign or likely benign findings. Category 3 indicates short term follow up. Categories 4-5 indicate increasing suspicion of malignancy requiring biopsy. Category 6 is known biopsy-proven cancer. Common benign breast lesions discussed include fibroadenomas, papillomas, and duct ectasia.
imaging of soft tissue tumours
Soft tissue tumors are a heterogeneous group of lesions that arise from nonepithelial, extraskeletal tissues including adipose tissue, muscles, tendons, blood vessels and lymphatics. Imaging plays an important role in evaluating these tumors. There are nine major groups of soft tissue tumors including adipocytic tumors, vascular tumors, fibroblastic tumors, fibrohistiocytic tumors, smooth muscle tumors, skeletal muscle tumors, pericytic tumors, chondro-osseous tumors and tumors of uncertain differentiation. Lipoma is the most common benign adipocytic tumor while liposarcoma is a malignant adipocytic tumor. Hemangioma is a common benign vascular tumor and angiosarcoma is the most common
Mammography
This document provides an overview of breast anatomy, mammography techniques, mammogram findings, and clinical scenarios for breast imaging. It describes the three zones of breast anatomy and their relationships to chest wall structures. Mammography techniques discussed include basic projections, BI-RADS breast composition categories, and characteristics of masses, asymmetries, architectural distortions and calcifications. Clinical scenarios outlined the most appropriate imaging modalities for evaluating palpable lumps, discharge, pain, abnormal mammograms and assessing cancer treatment response.
Breast imaging
Breast imaging techniques have advanced significantly since the 1950s. Mammography was introduced in the 1960s and digital mammography in the 2000s improved image quality and reduced radiation exposure. Tomosynthesis was developed in the 2010s to reduce tissue superimposition by creating 1mm slices. Ultrasound is used as an adjunct to mammography to differentiate cysts from solid masses and guide biopsies. The BI-RADS classification system standardizes how breast imaging findings are reported and communicated. While mammography remains the primary breast cancer screening tool, tomosynthesis and ultrasound have improved cancer detection rates by reducing false negatives, especially for women with dense breasts.
Breast Ultrasound guided procedures
This document discusses using ultrasound guidance for breast procedures like cyst aspiration and biopsy. It describes how cyst aspiration is performed by inserting a needle under ultrasound guidance to drain fluid from cysts. It also outlines how to perform core biopsies on superficial and deep breast lesions using ultrasound to guide placement of the biopsy needle. Ultrasound is noted as an accurate and reliable method for guiding breast biopsies and cyst aspirations.
Breast imaging modalities
This document provides an overview of various breast imaging modalities including mammography, galactography/ductography, stereotactic guided procedures, digital tomosynthesis, ultrasound elastography, and MRI of the breast. Key imaging techniques are described such as mammography positioning, ductography technique, stereotactic biopsy procedures, and interpretation of ultrasound elastography images. Evaluation of breast lesions and interpretation of different imaging findings are also discussed.
Fusion IMAGING.pptx
Fusion imaging refers to combining two or more imaging modalities, such as ultrasound with CT or MRI, to provide improved diagnostic accuracy. This document discusses several hybrid imaging combinations, including PET-CT and SPECT-MRI. Fusion imaging allows for precise monitoring of interventional procedures while reducing radiation exposure. The process of fusing real-time ultrasound with MR images during hepatic interventions is described, along with applications for biopsy and ablation of liver lesions not clearly visible on ultrasound alone. Limitations include the need for a prior CT/MRI and challenges with synchronizing the images.
Presentation1, mri imaging of the prostate
This document discusses MRI for prostate cancer detection and the PI-RADS classification system. It provides details on:
1. Multiparametric MRI which combines T2-weighted, diffusion, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging to accurately detect clinically significant prostate cancer.
2. The PI-RADS classification system standardized prostate MRI acquisition, interpretation, and reporting. It describes PIRADS scores from 1 to 5 based on lesion appearance and characteristics on different MRI sequences.
3. Examples of MRI findings for different PIRADS scores, such as restricted diffusion and early enhancement indicating a higher grade tumor warranting biopsy.
MRI BREAST PPT
This document discusses breast MRI protocols, techniques, and the interpretation of findings. It provides details on coil and patient positioning, recommended MRI field strength, and standard breast MRI protocols. It discusses recognizing normal enhancing structures like vessels, nipples, and lymph nodes. Guidelines are presented for analyzing lesion enhancement and characterizing benign masses based on criteria like smooth margins, shape, homogeneous enhancement, fat content, T2 signal, and rim enhancement. Examples of benign findings like fibroadenomas and fat-containing lesions are also described.
Interventional mammography
This document provides information on interventional mammography procedures. It discusses what interventional procedures are and different types of breast biopsies including needle biopsies and open biopsies. Specific procedures covered include standard lesion localization, stereotactic lesion localization, ultrasound-guided biopsies, cyst aspirations, fine-needle aspiration biopsies, pneumocystography, and galactography. Maintaining sterile technique is emphasized when performing these minimally invasive diagnostic and treatment methods.
MAMMOGRAM
This document provides an overview of mammography, including its definition as an x-ray examination of the breast to detect changes, a brief overview of breast anatomy and the history of mammography, different types of mammography machines and procedures, indications and contraindications for mammography, how to read mammography results including different findings and the BI-RADS assessment category, and some recent advances in mammography technology including tomosynthesis, scintimammography, and its potential use for males.
Cystic masses of the breast by xiu
1. Cystic lesions are commonly seen in breast imaging and range from simple cysts to more complex cysts with solid components.
2. Simple cysts appear anechoic with thin walls and posterior enhancement, while complicated cysts have internal echoes and complex cysts have thick walls or solid components.
3. Differential diagnoses for cystic masses include galactoceles, hematomas, fat necrosis, abscesses, papillomas, and necrotic tumors. Careful evaluation of imaging features is needed to distinguish these entities.
Mammography
This document provides information about mammography, including its indications, types of examinations, basics, instrumentation, and procedures. Mammography uses low-energy x-rays to detect breast pathologies. It can be used for screening asymptomatic women, investigating breast lumps, or following up after breast surgery. Diagnostic mammograms use two or three views of each breast, while screening mammograms use a two-view protocol. Modern instrumentation includes flat panel detectors, grids, compression paddles, and automatic exposure control. Procedures involve craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views. Reporting follows the BI-RADS system for risk assessment.
TARGET DELINEATION OF PARAMETRIUM
This document provides guidelines for delineating the clinical target volume (CTV) for the parametrium in radiation therapy treatment planning for cervical cancer. It defines the parametrium as the fat and connective tissue surrounding the uterus. The boundaries of the parametrial CTV are described, including superiorly at the top of the fallopian tubes, inferiorly at the pelvic floor muscles, anteriorly at the posterior bladder wall, and posteriorly at the mesorectal fascia and uterosacral ligaments. Special consideration is given to delineation when the uterosacral ligaments are involved with disease based on clinical or radiological findings.
Mammography and recent advances dr avinash
mammography and recent advances includes some physics regarding x ray mammography with different views taken. then some recent advances in mammography like optical mammo and dual energy etc refrence taken from Yochum rowe essential of skeletal radiology, christensen radiology.
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Sonographic evaluation of breast Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
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A Review of Segmentation of Mammographic Images Based on Breast Density
1) The document reviews approaches for segmenting breast regions in mammograms according to breast density. Breast density is an important risk factor for breast cancer.
2) Segmentation of mammographic images can identify glandular and fibroglandular tissues, which appear bright on mammograms. This segmentation is the first step in computer-aided detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.
3) Several approaches have been used for segmentation, including statistical methods based on Gaussian mixture modeling, thresholding techniques, and classification of breast density into categories like the BI-RADS system. Segmentation of specific breast regions like the pectoral muscle have also been studied.
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This document provides an overview of the BI-RADS lexicon for mammography and ultrasound reporting. It discusses the standardized terminology and descriptors used to report breast composition, masses, calcifications, asymmetries and other findings. Key points include the BI-RADS categories for final assessment ranging from negative (1) to highly suggestive of malignancy (5). Standardized reporting aims to reduce confusion and facilitate monitoring and quality assessment.
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This document summarizes various breast imaging modalities. It discusses the role of mammography, ultrasound, MRI, PET, and other techniques in evaluating the breast. Mammography remains the primary screening tool but has limitations related to breast density. Ultrasound helps diagnose palpable lesions and differentiate cysts from solid masses. MRI detects additional cancers but has limitations of cost and availability. Combined modalities provide improved evaluation of the breast compared to single techniques alone.
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This document discusses techniques for early detection of breast cancer through image processing of mammograms. It begins by introducing breast cancer and the importance of early detection. It then discusses current mammography screening approaches, including the two standard views and BI-RADS assessment system. The key abnormalities that may indicate breast cancer are described: masses with characteristics like shape, margin, density; calcifications described by size, shape and clustering; architectural distortion; and asymmetries. Current challenges are noted around detecting calcifications and masses in dense breast tissue. The paper aims to review techniques used in image processing for early breast cancer detection, including preprocessing, segmentation, and decomposition steps typically used.
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This document provides guidelines for reporting the results of mammography examinations using the BI-RADS assessment and reporting system. It describes the standardized structure for mammography reports, including sections for the indication, breast composition, findings, comparison to prior exams, assessment, and management. The breast composition section provides definitions and illustrations for the four breast composition categories based on fibroglandular density. The assessment category section matches each BI-RADS assessment category with its corresponding management recommendation and likelihood of cancer.
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Breast cancer
This document discusses breast cancer, including its epidemiology, natural history, diagnosis, staging, biomarkers, and treatment. It notes that breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and a leading cause of cancer death. The natural history involves local growth of the primary tumor and potential metastasis to lymph nodes and distant sites like bone, lung, and liver. Diagnosis involves imaging like mammography and biopsy. Staging uses the TNM system and considers tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastases. Biomarkers like hormone receptors provide information to guide treatment, which may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies based on cancer type and stage.
Signs of Benign Breast Disease in 3D Tomosynthesis
This document discusses signs of benign breast disease that can be identified on 3D tomosynthesis imaging. It notes that 3D tomosynthesis is better able to characterize lesions by reducing tissue overlap and allowing analysis of individual 1mm slices. Specific signs of benign disease highlighted include the halo sign around masses, internal contents of masses, superficial plane lesions, and morphology of microcalcifications. The study found 3D tomosynthesis identified these benign signs with a higher rate than 2D mammography alone. This can help radiologists more accurately categorize lesions, avoiding unnecessary additional testing or biopsy.
MRI of Benign Female Pelvis
1) The document discusses MRI features of common benign conditions of the female pelvis, including physiologic cysts, benign ovarian neoplasms, and benign pelvic disease processes.
2) Key MRI findings of physiologic cysts include the appearance of follicles as high signal intensity cysts under 1cm, corpus luteum cysts with thick irregular walls, and hemorrhagic cysts appearing high signal on T1-weighted images.
3) Common benign ovarian neoplasms discussed are dermoid cysts with signal intensity similar to fat, ovarian fibromas appearing similar to smooth muscle, and serous cystadenomas appearing as thin-walled fluid-filled cysts.
Ductal carcinoma in situ
This document provides an overview of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), also known as stage 0 breast cancer. It discusses the pathology, risk factors, diagnosis via mammography and biopsy, grading, treatment options including surgery and radiation therapy, and management of recurrence of DCIS. DCIS is defined as a pre-invasive proliferation of epithelial cells confined to the breast ducts. Left untreated, DCIS has an inherent tendency to progress to invasive breast cancer.
mammography.pptx
Mammography uses low-dose x-rays to produce images of breast tissue. It can detect tumors and distinguish between benign and malignant breast diseases. Mammograms are used for both screening purposes to detect early-stage cancers and diagnostic purposes when abnormalities are found. The breast contains lobules that produce milk, ducts that transport milk, connective tissue, fat, and other structures. Mammography compresses the breast to create a thin layer for imaging and uses differences in tissue density to identify abnormalities that may indicate cancer.
The study of different presentations of breast lumps in radiographic. acta me...
This document discusses the use of ultrasound imaging in evaluating various breast lumps and pathologies. It provides pictorial examples of how different breast conditions appear on ultrasound scans. These include cysts, fibroadenomas, papillomas, lymph nodes, abscesses, fat necrosis, and different types of breast cancer. Ultrasound is found to be useful in characterizing breast lumps as solid or cystic and guiding biopsy procedures. While features can improve diagnosis, interobserver variability remains a limitation. An illustrated lexicon system helps standardize ultrasound findings. In summary, breast ultrasound is presented as a valuable tool for evaluating palpable lumps and abnormalities found on mammography.
Ultrasound elastography of breast and prostate lesions
Ultrasound elastography is a technique that maps relative tissue stiffness. It has applications in evaluating breast and prostate lesions. Breast and prostate cancers are generally stiffer than normal tissues, appearing darker on elastograms. Ultrasound elastography can help differentiate benign from malignant lesions and improve biopsy and therapy guidance for conditions like breast fibroadenomas, cysts, invasive ductal carcinoma, and prostate cancer. It has sensitivities over 68% and specificities over 72% for detecting cancers and abnormalities.
Hamartoma of the breast: A rare case
1) A 36-year old female presented with a palpable lump in her left breast. Imaging and biopsy revealed a 10 cm well-circumscribed mass.
2) Histopathological examination of the excised mass found characteristics of a lipoma, consisting of mature fat and islands of normal glandular tissue, consistent with a diagnosis of fibroadenomatous hamartoma.
3) Hamartomas are rare benign breast lesions resulting from proliferation of fibrous, glandular, and fatty tissue. While typically benign, malignant transformation is possible so surgical excision is the treatment of choice.
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Birads mamo n usg dr sumit
- 1. Dr. SUMIT KUMAR RADIOLOGY PG II
- 2. BI-RADS® is designed to standardize breast imaging reporting and to reduce confusion in breast imaging interpretations. It also facilitates outcome monitoring and quality assessment. It contains a lexicon for standardized terminology (descriptors) for mammography, breast US and MRI. All mammographic, ultrasound, and breast MRI findings and reports should closely adhere to the BI-RADS lexicon and assessment categories.
- 8. In BI-RADS 2013 the use of percentages is discouraged, because in individual cases it is more important to take into account the chance that a mass can be obscured by fibroglandular tissue than the percentage of breast density as an indicator for breast cancer risk.
- 10. The composition is c - heterogeneously dense, although the volume of fibroglandular tissue is less than 50%. The fibroglandular tissue in the upper part is sufficiently dense to obscure small masses. So it is called c, because small masses can be obscured. Historically this would have been called an ACR 2: 25-50% density.
- 11. Dense fibroglandular tissue have an increased risk of developing breast cancer, and detection of early cancer can be obscured by the fibroglandular tissue. Bilateral interval increase in fibroglandular density is usually benign and may be caused either by hormonal effects or breast edema. A unilateral increase in fibroglandular density is worrisome for lymphatic obstruction, which may be malignant. Hormone therapy may cause an increase in fibroglandular density. Pregnancy, lactation, and weight loss may all cause an interval increase in fibroglandular density.
- 15. A mammographic mass is a space-occupying lesion with convex borders seen in two different projections. In contrast, an asymmetry is seen in one view only.
- 20. Asymmetry as an area of fibroglandulair tissue visible on only one mammographic projection, mostly caused by superimposition of normal breast tissue
- 21. Architectural distortion represents radiating linear densities emanating from a central point, without a definite mass visible.
- 23. In the 2003 atlas calcifications were classified by morphology and distribution either as benign, intermediate concern or high probability of malignancy. In the 2013 version the approach has changed. Since calcifications of intermediate concern and of high probability of malignancy all are being treated the same way, which usually means biopsy, it is logic to group them together. Calcifications are now either typically benign or of suspicious morphology
- 25. Skin calcifications are associated with sweat glands, are usually punctate or lucent- centered, and are most common medially, where the concentration of sweat glands is higher.
- 26. Arterial vascular calcifications are present in the upper portion of the image (yellow arrow), while large rod-like calcifications are present in the inferior portion of the image (red arrows). Arterial vascular calcifications within the breast have a distinctive morphology and are typically not mentioned in the body of the report unless they are very extensive or the patient is very young
- 37. highly suspicious for malignancy. The branching distribution suggests filling of the lumen of a duct system involved by DCIS.
- 42. BIRADS
- 53. THANK YOU