shikimic acid pathway, amino acid pathway, acetate mevalonate pathway, biosynthesis of ephedrine, biosynthesis of quinine, biosynthesis of brucine, biosynthesis of strychnine, biosynthesis of piperine, biosynthesis of berberine, biosynthesis of taxol, biosynthesis of vincristine, biosynthesis of vinblastine, biosynthesis of digitoxin, biosynthesis of glycyrrhizine, biosynthesis of sennosides, biosynthesis of bacoside, biosynthesis of quercitine, biosynthesis of hecogenin, biosynthesis of guggulosterone, biosynthesis of withanolides, biosynthesis of cucurbitacine, biosynthesis of umbelliferone, biosynthesis of atropine
ITS AN IMPORTANT TOPIC OF PHYTOCHEMISTRY DEALING WITH THE COMPLETE INFORMATION REGARDING THE BIOSYNTHESISI OF WITHANOLIDES AND UMBELLIFERONE WHICH IS VERY USEFUL FOR THE 1 SEM MPHARM STUDENTS OF THE PHARMACOGNOSY DEPARTMENT.
HOPE EVERYONE WILL MAKE USE OF IT TO LEARN WELL
coumarin; umbelliferone and its biosynthesis and isolation.
terpenoide; cucurbitacine and its biosynthesis and isolation purification and characterization
Extraction, isolation and structure elucidation of lignans(podophyllotoxin)Mohammad Khalid
Extraction, isolation and structure elucidation of- Lignans(Podophyllotoxin)
Introduction
Extraction and Isolation
Identification test
Sructure elucidation of Podophyllotoxin
Adverse Effects
Sources of crude drugs (natural)
Drugs obtained from Plants, Animals, Marine, Microorganism, Mineral and from Biotechnology (plant tissue culture) are covered in the presentation
Flavonoids classification, isolation and identificationMona Ismail
Flavonoids are groups of polyphenolic compounds which are found in fruits, flowers, seeds & vegetable.
(named from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow, their colour in nature)
ITS AN IMPORTANT TOPIC OF PHYTOCHEMISTRY DEALING WITH THE COMPLETE INFORMATION REGARDING THE BIOSYNTHESISI OF WITHANOLIDES AND UMBELLIFERONE WHICH IS VERY USEFUL FOR THE 1 SEM MPHARM STUDENTS OF THE PHARMACOGNOSY DEPARTMENT.
HOPE EVERYONE WILL MAKE USE OF IT TO LEARN WELL
coumarin; umbelliferone and its biosynthesis and isolation.
terpenoide; cucurbitacine and its biosynthesis and isolation purification and characterization
Extraction, isolation and structure elucidation of lignans(podophyllotoxin)Mohammad Khalid
Extraction, isolation and structure elucidation of- Lignans(Podophyllotoxin)
Introduction
Extraction and Isolation
Identification test
Sructure elucidation of Podophyllotoxin
Adverse Effects
Sources of crude drugs (natural)
Drugs obtained from Plants, Animals, Marine, Microorganism, Mineral and from Biotechnology (plant tissue culture) are covered in the presentation
Flavonoids classification, isolation and identificationMona Ismail
Flavonoids are groups of polyphenolic compounds which are found in fruits, flowers, seeds & vegetable.
(named from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow, their colour in nature)
Challenges in herbal formulation
Steps in herbal drug formulation
Types of conventional herbal formulations
Liquid herbal dosage forms
Solid herbal dosage forms
Other herbal dosage forms
Novel dosage form
HERBAL COSMETICS UNIT 2, PCG, MPHARM NOTES
Commonly used herbal cosmetics, raw materials, preservatives, surfactants, humectants, oils, colors, and some functional herbs, preformulation studies, compatibility studies, possible interactions between chemicals and herbs, design of herbal cosmetic formulation.
70-80% of people worldwide rely chiefly on traditional, largely herbal, medicines.
The global demand for herbal medicine is not only large but growing.
Various technologies- adopted for enhancing bioactive molecules in medicinal plants.
Biotechnological tools are important for the multiplication and genetic enhancement of medicinal plants.
In vitro regeneration and genetic transformation are the Techniques adopted.
This topic covers the notes for unit 1 of phytochemistry in 1st semester in M Pharm of department of pharmacognosy. This includes biosynthesis, characterization, purification and uses of steroids.
A presentation showing excellent tips for staying healthy as you age. Simple, straightforward, and with meal suggestions, this short and clear presentation gives excellent tips on aging well!
Challenges in herbal formulation
Steps in herbal drug formulation
Types of conventional herbal formulations
Liquid herbal dosage forms
Solid herbal dosage forms
Other herbal dosage forms
Novel dosage form
HERBAL COSMETICS UNIT 2, PCG, MPHARM NOTES
Commonly used herbal cosmetics, raw materials, preservatives, surfactants, humectants, oils, colors, and some functional herbs, preformulation studies, compatibility studies, possible interactions between chemicals and herbs, design of herbal cosmetic formulation.
70-80% of people worldwide rely chiefly on traditional, largely herbal, medicines.
The global demand for herbal medicine is not only large but growing.
Various technologies- adopted for enhancing bioactive molecules in medicinal plants.
Biotechnological tools are important for the multiplication and genetic enhancement of medicinal plants.
In vitro regeneration and genetic transformation are the Techniques adopted.
This topic covers the notes for unit 1 of phytochemistry in 1st semester in M Pharm of department of pharmacognosy. This includes biosynthesis, characterization, purification and uses of steroids.
A presentation showing excellent tips for staying healthy as you age. Simple, straightforward, and with meal suggestions, this short and clear presentation gives excellent tips on aging well!
From their beginnings in Ireland; as rural grocers and grog's to the Victorian bars of Dublin and Belfast, the Irish Pub has evolved from country shop pubs, even doubling up as undertakers with adjoining boozers, to being exported to every corner of the world - an Irish Pub embassy in every city across the globe. Hear the stories of how the Irish Pub became exported across the world to become the World’s favorite bar, what makes an authentic Irish Pub? And the evolution and future of Irish bars
Join Tim Herlihy of Tullamore D.E.W. and Irish Whiskey expert Gerry Graham, who have both traveled the World sitting in front of the best Irish bars and pubs, with Dead Rabbit’s Jack McGarry who has stood behind the best Irish Bar in the World
Whether you are a Bartender, Owner, or Irish Whiskey enthusiast, join the panel for a drink as they tell the story of the Irish Pub, discuss their 10 favorite Irish Pubs and what makes the Irish Pub the World’s favorite watering hole
#TheIrishPub
Slide 1
Early fossil records suggest that the Yangtze River Dolphin came about 25 million years ago, and made its way to the Yangtze 20 million years ago, where it is considered an endemic species.
The Yangtze River dolphin is known by many names. In Chinese, it is known as the Baijie which translates to “White dolphin”, since it has pale blue grey skin which lightens as it ages. In Chinese folklore, the Baijie also protects fishermen as the “Goddess of the River”. Once loved, it was plentiful in the Yangtze river. In the 1950s, there used to be about 6,000 dolphins. Then in the 1980s, the population reduced to 400. Then since 2006, this species was declared functionally extinct. So, why does it matter that this species is gone?
Slide 2
Well, the extinction of the Yangtze River Dolphin is biggest cetacean species extinction of our time. In addition, it highlights the struggle of keeping freshwater resources in Asia. The Yangtze is not only the third longest river in the world, but also home to over half of China’s total plant and animal species. So the death of this dolphin might be our warning bell to save other species from extinction.
Slide 4
The Yangtze River Dolphin is only one in its family Lipodae, and it’s one out of four dolphin families which reside in shallow freshwater rivers.
Slide 5
The dolphin’s got a long beak with 35 blunt teeth to snack on small fish. It’s a carnivore. Like many other dolphins, it communicates through clicks and whistles, which is why it’s got this hole in it’s head. They are social, living in pods from 3 to 7 individuals. However, they are very shy around humans -- which makes it hard for us to perform research on them.
Slide 6
They tend to breed in the months of February through April. As mammals, they have live birth and have a gestation period of 10 months. They’re quite small when born, about 32 to 35 inches but grow up to be as big as 8 feet long. They reach sexual maturity around 6 to 8 years and having a birthing interval of 2 years.
Slide 7
The Yangtze dolphin normally swims 19 to 25 mph, but can go up to 37 mph when threatened. It has poor eyesight in the murky water of the Yangtze, so it relies on echolocation (biosonar) and touch with it’s long thin beak to find small fish to eat. Unfortunately, baijie have been known to have poor navigation, running into boat motors and killing themselves.
Slide 8-9
Which brings us to this point. Half of all known dolphin killings in the 1970s and 1980s were attributed to collisions with motor boats and accidental illegal fishing activities like dynamite fishing, drag netting and electric fishing.
Contact Kathy to see the rest of the presentation notes.
Role of Pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional systems of medicineShiv Kumar
Role of Pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional system of medicine, Allopathy or modern system of medicine. Ayurvedic system of medicine, Unani system of medicine, Siddha system of medicine, Homeopathy system of medicine, Chinese system of medicine, Alternative system of medicine, Traditional system of medicine
red reishi good natural remedy for health, importance of red reishi, reishi pharmacognosy, chemical composition of red reishi, pharmacological uses of red reishi
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. 01 S h i k i m i c a c i d p a t h w ay
02 A m i n o a c i d p a t h w ay
03 A c e t a t e m e v a l o n a t e p a t h way
04 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f E p h e d r i n e
05 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f Q u i n i n e
06 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f S t r y c hy n i n e & b r u c i n e
07 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f P i p e r i n e
08 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f B e r b e r i n e
09 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f Ta xo l
10 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f V i n c r i s t i n e a n d V i n b l a s t i n e
3. CONTENTS
13 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f S e n n o s i d e s
14 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f B a c o s i d e s
15 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f Q u e r c i t i n
16 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f H e c o g e n i n
17 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f G u g g u l o s t e r o n e
18 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f W i t h a n o l i d e s
19 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f U m b e l l i fe r o n e
20 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f C u c u r b i t a c i n s
11 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f D i g i t ox i n
12 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f G l y c y r r h i z i n
21 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f At r o p i n e
14. 06 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f S t r y c hy n i n e & b r u c i n e
Geissoschizine Dehydropreakuammicine Norfluorocurarine 18-OH norfluorocurarine Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde
SnvGO
SpGO
SnvNS1/
SnvNS2 SnvNO SnvWS
SpAT
SnvWS
Tryptophan
Akuammicine Desoxy Wieland-Gumlich
aldehyde
Diaboline Prestrychnine
Isostrychnine
Strychnine
10-OH Strychnine
β-colubrine
11-deMe brucine
Brucine
15. 07 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f P i p e r i n e
pyridoxal phosphate
17. 08 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f B e r b e r i n e
18. B i o s y h t h e s i s o f B e r b e r i n e c o n t i n u e . . .
19. 09 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f Ta xo l
geranylgeranyl
diphosphate
synthase
ts= taxadiene
synthase
cytochrome P450
taxadiene 5-
hydroxylase
taxa-
4(20),11(12)-
dien-5a-ol-O-
acetyltransferase
cytochrome
P450 taxane
10β-
hydroxylase
taxane 2a-O-
benzoyltransferase
10-deacetyl
baccatin III-10-O-
acetyltransferase
21. B i o s y h t h e s i s o f V i n c r i s t i n e
a n d V i n b l a st i n e
c o n t i n u e . . .
Step 2
continued from epicathinamine
22. 11 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f D i g i t ox i n
23. B i o s y h t h e s i s o f D i g i t ox i n c o n t i n u e . . .
24. B i o s y h t h e s i s o f D i g i t ox i n c o n t i n u e . . .
25. 12 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f G l y c y r r h i z i n
26. 13 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f S e n n o s i d e s
Isochorismate synthase
o-succinylbenzoate synthase
IPP isomerase
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-
phosphate synthase]
27.
28.
29. 15 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f Q u e r c i t i n
phenylalanine ammonia lyase Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase
4-coumarate CoA ligase
naringenin
chalcone
synthase
chalcone
isomerase
31. 16 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f H e c o g e n i n
32. B i o s y h t h e s i s o f H e c o g e n i n c o n t i n u e . . .
33. 17 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f G u g g u l o s t e r o n e
Guggulsterone is a phytosteroid found in the resin of the guggul plant, Commiphora mukul. Guggulsterone can exist as
either of two stereoisomers, E-guggulsterone and Z-guggulsterone. In humans, it acts as an antagonist of the farnesoid X
receptor, which was once believed to result in decreased cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Several studies have been
published that indicate no overall reduction in total cholesterol occurs using various dosages of guggulsterone, and levels
of low-density lipoprotein ("bad cholesterol") increased in many people. The biosynthetic pathway are still missing.
34. B i o s y h t h e s i s o f G u g g u l o s t e r o n e c o n t i n u e . . .
35. 18 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f
W i t h a n o l i d e s
36. 19 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f U m b e l l i fe r o n e
37. 20 B i o s y h t h e s i s o f C u c u r b i t a c i n s
38. B i o s y h t h e s i s o f C u c u r b i t a c i n s
