This document discusses the biosynthesis of phospholipids. It begins by defining phospholipids as complex lipids containing phosphoric acid, fatty acids, nitrogenous bases, and alcohols. Phospholipids are synthesized primarily on the surfaces of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and transported via vesicles to their destinations. There are two main types of phospholipids - glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. Glycerophospholipids have asymmetrical fatty acid groups attached to carbon 1 and 2 of the glycerol backbone. They are synthesized by attaching two fatty acyl groups to glycerol-3-phosphate to form phosphatidic acid. The document then discusses the synthesis of specific phospholipids

1. BIOSYNTHESIS
OF
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
Presented By:-
Ruchi
Bio & Nano Technology Dept.,
GJUST, Hisar

2. PHOSHOLIPIDS
• They are complex or conjugate lipids containing
phosphoric acid, in addition to Fatty acid, Nitrogenous
base & Alcohol.
• These lipids are synthesised mostly on the surfaces of
SER & from there are transported in vesicles to their
final destination.

3. • Phospholipids are Amphiphillic in nature.

4. PHOSPHOLIPIDS
Glycerophospholipids Sphingolipids

6. 1. GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS
• Gycerophospholipids have significant
asymmetry in their C1 & C2 linked fatty Acyl
groups.

7. BIOSYNTHESIS OF
GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS
• The 1st step of Glycerophospholipid synthesis is
shared with the pathway to TAG in which 2 fatty
acyl groups are esterified to C-1 & C-2 of L-
Glycerol 3- Phosphate to form Phosphatidic Acid.

8. Biosynthesis Of Phosphatidic acid

9. Phospholipid Synthesis in E. coli
Glycerophospholipid
Phospatidylserine
Phosphatidyl-
ethanolamine
Phosphatidyl-
glycerol

11. Synthesis Of Anionic Phospholipids in
Eukaryotes
• In Eukaryotes most common Anionic Phospholipids
are:- Phosphatidylglycerol, Cardiolipin &
Phosphatidylinositol.
• They are synthesised by same strategy used for
Phospholipid synthesis in Bacteria.
• But Cardiolipin synthesis in Eukaryotes differ slightly.

13. Synthesis Of Phosphatidylserine,
Phosphatidylethanolamine &
Phosphatidylcholine in Eukaryotes
• Synthesis of Phosphatidylethanolamine &
Phosphatidylcholine(lecithin) in Mammals occurs
by Strategy-2(Phosphorylation & activation of
Head group followed by condensation with
Diacylglycerol).

14. Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis

15. Synthesis Of Phosphatidylserine

16. Biosynthesis of
Plasmalogens
• Eukaryotic membranes contain significant amounts of
Plasmalogens.
• The Peroxisome is the primary site of Plasmalogens synthesis.

18. 2. SPHINGOLIPIDS
• Most Sphingolipids are sphingoglycolipids that in,
their polar head groups consist of Carbohydrate
units.

19. Biosynthesis
of
Sphingolipids

21. Bibliography
1). Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M. (2013), Lehninger Principles of
Biochemistry, 6th Edition Freeman and Company, New York.
2). Voet D., Voet J.G. and Pratt C.W. (2013), Principles of Biochemistry, 4th
Edition John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
3). J.M. Berg, Lubert Stryer, John L. Tymoczko (2015), Biochemistry,
8th Edition WH Freeman, New York.

22. THANKS