Recognizing the Biosafety level

RECOGNIZINGTHEBIOSAFETYLEVELS
BiosafetyLevels
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY
Prepared by :
DebbraMarcel, Monoclonal Antibody Section,
Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia

OBJECTIVE
Define the major characteristics of each stage in BiosafetyLevels.
Relate the Risk Groups with the BiosafetyLevels.
Prepared by :
Veterinary Research Institute (VRI)
Prepared by:
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY SECTION

WHYDOWENEEDTOHAVEKNOWLEDGEABOUTTHEBIOSAFETY LEVELS?
Most of us are always dealing with a potentially harmful microbe.
Precautions must be taken in the laboratory to make sure ourselves and others are not infected.
Ask questions for better understanding…
Where in the lab would you complete your work?
What protective equipment and practices would you use?
How would you contain the microbe to limit contamination or accidental infection?
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DEFINITION
What is Biosafety? -the application of safety precautions that reduce a laboratorian’srisk of exposure to a potentially infectious microbe and limit contamination of the work environment and, ultimately, the community.
What are BiosafetyLevels (BSLs)? -the level of safety from exposure to infectious agents; depends on work practices and safety equipment and facilities
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BIOSAFETY LEVEL SPECIFIC CONTAINMENT CONTROLS
Each level are required for the following:
1. Laboratory practices (esp. GLP)
2. Safety equipment (e.gPPE)
3. Facility construction (BSC)
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4LEVELS OF BIOSAFETY
Low risk microbes
High risk microbesEVERY LEVEL MUST FOLLOW THE STANDARD MICROBIOLOGICAL PRACTICES.
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STANDARDMICROBIOLOGICALPRACTICES
1.Not eating, drinking, or applying cosmetics in the lab
2.Washing hands after working with infectious materials and before leaving the lab
3.Routinely decontaminating work surface
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LEVELS OF CONTAINMENT ?
The primary risks: -
1.Infectivity
2.Severity of disease
3.Transmissibility
4.The nature of the work conducted
5.Origin of the microbe/agent in question
6.The root of exposure
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BSL-1 (BIOSAFETYLEVEL1)
•Well-characterized agents with minimal potential hazard
•Laboratories not necessarilyseparated from the general building
•Work typically conducted on open bench tops
•Specific training in the procedures conducted in the laboratory and must be supervised by a scientist with training in microbiology or a related science.
•e.gnon-pathogenicE. Coli
Prepared by:

1. Laboratory practices
Standard microbiological practices
Work can be performed on an open lab bench or table.
2.Safety equipment
Personnel protection equipment (e.glab coats, gloves, eye protection) are worn as needed.
3.Facility construction
Not required special design on containment facility
Laboratory doors to separate the working space with the rest of the facility.
A sink for hand washing
AB
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builds upon bsl-1.
the microbes pose moderate hazardsto laboratoriansand the environment
laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic agents
access to the laboratory is restricted when work is being conducted
personnel are supervised by scientists competent in handling infectious agents and associated procedures
microbes are typically indigeneousand associated with diseases of varying severity (e.gStaphylococcus aureus)
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BSL-2 laboratories containment requirements:
1.Laboratory practices
Access to the laboratory is restricted when work is being conducted.
2.Safety equipment
Appropriate PPE is worn ( lab coats, gloves, eye protection, face shields, etc.)
All procedures that can cause infection from aerosols performed in a biosafetycabinet (BSC)
Autoclave/method of decontamination is available for proper disposals.
The laboratory has self-closing doors.
A sink and eyewash are readily available.
BA
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BIOHAZARD !!!
•Mandatory Warning Sign
•Designate BiosafetyLevel
•Special Entry Procedures
–Immunizations
–PPE
•Contact Information
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builds upon BSL-2.
clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities.
Work indigenous or exotic agents (serious or potentially lethal disease) ~ inhalation route exposure.
Laboratory personnel MUST receive specific trainingin handling pathogenic & potentially lethal agents.
Must be supervised by competent scientists.
BSL-2 + procedures involving the manipulation of infectious materials must be conducted within BSCs.
The microbes indigenous/exotic and can cause serious or potentially lethal disease through respiratory transmission.
e.gMycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.
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1. Laboratory practices
1.Under medical surveillance and might receive immunizations for microbes they work with.
Access to the laboratory is restricted and controlled at all times.
2.Safety equipment
Appropriate PPE must be worn, and respirators might be required.
All work with microbes must be within an appropriate BSC.
A hands-free sink and eyewash near the exit.
The laboratory must have special engineering and design features directional airflow (drawing air from clean areas towards potentially contaminated areas).
Entrance = two sets of self-closing and locking doors. A
B
C
C
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builds upon BSL-3 (the highest level of biological safety) = very few.
The microbes are dangerous and exotic, high risk of aerosol- transmitted infections (frequently fatal and without treatment or vaccines).
Identical agents must be handled at BSL-4 until sufficient data obtained.
All laboratory staff and supervisor must:
1. Have specific and thorough training (handling extremely hazardous infectious agents).
2. Understand the primary and secondary containment functions of standard and special practices, containment equipment, and laboratory design characteristics.
3. Competent in handling agents and procedures requiring BSL-4 containment.
e.gMarburgand Ebola viruses (high individual risk of life- threatening disease, aerosol transmission, or related agent with unknown risk of transmission).
c
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1.Laboratory practices
Change clothing before entering,shower upon exiting, decontaminate all materials before exiting. 2. Safety equipment
•Must be performed within an appropriate Class III BSC, or by wearing a full body, air-supplied, positive pressuresuit.
The laboratory is isolated and restricted zone.
The laboratory has dedicated supply and exhaust air, vacuum lines and decontamination systems.
Access to the laboratory is controlled by the laboratory supervisor (Institutional Policies).
Two types of laboratory providing absolute separation of the worker from the infectious agents = Suit Laboratory & Cabinet Laboratory
A
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SUMMARY
BIOSAFETY LEVEL
LABORATORY TYPE
LABORATORY PRACTICES
SAFETY EQUIPMENT
RISK GROUP
EXAMPLE
Basic: BSL-1
Basic teaching, research
GMT
None; open bench work
1
canine hepatitis, non- pathogenic E. coli, some cell cultures & non- infectious bacteria
Basic: BSL-2
Primary health services; diagnostic services, research
GMT plus protective clothing, biohazards sign
Open bench plus BSC for aerosols
2
Staphylococcus aureus, Lyme disease, Salmonella, mumps, measles
Containment: BSL-3
Special diagnostic services, research
Level 2 + special clothing, access control, directed airflow
BSC and/or other primary devices for all activities
3
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucellasp., rabies virus, Chikungunya
Max. containment: BSL-4
Dangerous pathogen units
Level 3 + airlock entry, shower exit, special waste disposal
Class III BSC, or positive pressure suites with class II BSCs, double ended autoclave
4
Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Nipahvirus
Relation of biosafetylevels, practices and equipments to the risk group: -
GMT= Good microbiological techniques ; BSC= Biosafetycabinet
Prepared by:

REFERENCES:
CDC website: http://www.cdc.gov/
(e-learning, quick lessons, many interactive resources)
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosafety_level
Biosafetyin Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) 5th Edition: e-book http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/index.htm
Prepared by :
Veterinary Research Institute (VRI)

Recognizing the Biosafety level

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