This document discusses current technological barriers and advances in bioenergy and biorefinery technologies such as biohydrogen, biomethane, and bioethanol production. For biohydrogen, barriers include incomplete substrate conversion, inefficient pretreatment, and low production in dark fermentation and photofermentation. Advances include hybrid fermentation processes, strain improvement, and development of new metabolic pathways. For biomethane, barriers are low production rates and challenges with extraction and storage, while advances include co-digestion and membrane upgrading technologies. Barriers to bioethanol include low yields and high costs, while simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and consolidated bioprocessing aim to address these issues.

1. Current Technological Barriers and Corresponding Technological
Advances in Bio-energy and Bio-refinery
BY NITINJAY SINGH

2. CONTENT
• CONCEPT OF BIOREFINERY
• BIOHYDROGEN
• BIOMETHANE
• BIOETHANOL

3. BIOREFINERY

4. BIOHYDROGEN

5. TECHNOLOGICAL BARRIERS
Dark fermentation
• Incomplete substrate conversion
• Difficult fermented substrate utilization
• Inefficient and costly pretreatment methods
• Low H2 production
Photo fermentation
• Needs high intensity light
• Low solar energy utilization
• Low photosynthetic conversion efficiency
• Oxygen intolerant photo-biological enzymes

6. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
• Improvising H2 yield by two-step hybrid fermentation process
• Strain improvement by replacing nitrogenizes with hydrogenases by process
engineering
• Nutrient manipulation and increased substrate utilization .
• Development of new metabolic pathways by gene manipulations
• Use of renewable biomass, agricultural waste and bio waste

7. BIOMETHANE

8. TECHNOLOGICAL BARRIERS
• Low percentage of methane and its production
• Handling and storage of Bio-methane
• Extraction
• Long duration process.

9. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
Pre-treatment

10. Enhancement biogas production Techniques
Anaerobic Co-digestion
• Simultaneous digestion of two or more organic
• Use of co-digestion process usually improves the biogas yields
from anaerobic conditions.

11. Bio-Methane upgrading and cleaning technologies
Enhancement of calorific value by removing CO2
Membrane technology
Cryogenic technique
Pressurized water scrubbing

12. BIOETHANOL
Pretreatment •Removed lignin & hemicellulose
Hydrolysis •Cellulose to glucose
Fermentation •Glucose to
ethanol

13. TECHNOLOGICAL BARRIERS
• Low Yield
• High production cost
• Complex Process

14. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
• Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
• Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP)

15. Recent developments for improvisation of bioethanol
production
PRE-TREATMENT
• Ozonolysis
• Steam Explosion
• Microbes based pretreatment

16. REFERENCES

17. THANK YOU