powerpoint presentation and teaching material for bio molecules of senior high school physical science, equip with topic aligned with curriculum guide and Most essential learning outcomes

1. BIOMOLECULES

2. OBJECTIVES
● Explain how the structures of biological
macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids,
nucleic acid, and proteins.
● Determine their properties and functions.
S11/12PS-IIIe-22
● Distinguish between carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids, and nucleic acids.
● Create models of biomolecules.

3. BIOMOLECULES
Biomolecules are chemical molecules
that play an important role in a living
system. They are good source of
energy and helps in building tissue.

4. There are four important
biomolecule:
 Carbohydrate
 Lipids
 Polynucleotide
 Proteins

5. Carbohydrate
 Carbohydrate are substances containing
Carbon, Hydrogen And Oxygen where the
proportion is C6H12O6.
 Carbohydrate is generally known as sugar
which derived from the Greek word
“saccharide”. They are also the chief
energy source of activities in our cells.

6. Monosaccharide
Classification of Carbohydrates
01
02
03
Simple Sugar
Disaccharide
Complex Sugar
Polysaccharide

7.  Monosaccharide- is the simplest sugar
containing single unit. These includes glucose,
galactose, and fructose. All of these is
composed of 6 carbon atoms with a chemical
formula of C6H12O6. What makes them
different with each other is the arrangement of
individual atoms.

8. Glucose is known as blood sugar or dextrose.

9. Galactose known as milk sugar

10. Fructose is a sweet sugar usually found in
fruits.

11. Fructose and galactose are
converted into glucose before
they can be utilized by the
cells.

12. Disaccharide- is made up of
two simple sugar molecules
covalently bonded with chemical
formula of C12H22O11. The
common of these are sucrose,
lactose and maltose.

13. Sucrose is composed of glucose and
fructose.

14. Lactose is composed of glucose
and galactose

15. Maltose is composed of two
glucoses. .

16. Polysaccharide – is made up of more
than two simple sugar molecules which
are bonded covalently through
dehydration synthesis and form long
chains or branches of carbon atoms.
Common examples of these are starch,
glycogen, cellulose and chitin.

17. Starches – is a storage carbohydrate made up of
glucose units. Starch is commonly found in potato,
carrots, corn and many more.

18. Cellulose – is a polysaccharide found in plants that
they help to support by giving it strength and rigidity
that hold plant’s structure together.

19. Lipids
 Lipids are fatty compound made-
up of carbon containing
compound. Triglycerides, waxes,
steroids and phospholipids are all
example of lipids.

20. Triglycerides- is a lipid in which atoms
are arranged in two kinds of subunits:
01
Fats
02
Glycerol

21. Glycerol-is a carbon skeleton
that has three alcohol groups
attached to it. It has a chemical
formula of C3H5(OH)3.

22. Fats – is a along carbon chain skeleton
that has carboxyl acid functional group.
a.Saturated fats (animal fats)- fats are solid
in room temperature
b.Unsaturated fats (oil in plants) – oils are
liquid in room temperature.

23. Phospholipids (Lipid bilayers) – are
lipids that contain phosphate group are abundant
in the membrane cell. Phospholipid are formed
from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate group
and nitrogen-containing alcohol.

24. Proteins
Proteins functions for body growth,
repair, and replacement of cells and
catalyze cellular chemical reaction.
Proteins is composed of hydrogen,
carbon, oxygen and nitrogen.

25. The basic unit of proteins are
amino acids and there are abut 20
amino acids exist in nature. A
covalent bond present between
amino acid are called “peptide
bond” while and long chain of amino
acids that makes up the protein are
called “polypeptides”.

27. Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are molecules
containing hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen and phosphorus.
Nucleotides is what made up the
nucleic acids and are made of three
parts.

28. 1. Phosphate group
2. Sugar group
3. Nitrogen-containing base
a. Purines
• Adenine ( A)
• Guanine (G)
b. Pyrimidines
• Cytosines ( C )
• Thymine ( T ) G-C
• Uracil ( U ) A-T A-U

29. Two Types of Nuclei Acids
Deoxyribonucleic Acids ( DNA )- is
composed of double helix strands of
nucleotides with phosphate groups,
deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous base.
DNA contains the hereditary units of life
called as genes and has the ability to
replicate itself during cell division which is
essential for growth.

30. Two Types of Nuclei Acids
Ribonucleic Acids ( RNA )- Is
composed of single stranded
nucleotides and play a vital role in
protein synthesis. In RNA pyrimidine
called uracil was used instead of
thymine.

31. THANK YOU
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a little
bit larger than our satellite, the Moon