physical science senior high Q2 WEEK 2.pptx

Aristotle’s Concept of
Vertical Motion,
Horizontal Motion, and
Projectile Motion

Vertical motion is referred to as
natural motion. In a natural motion,
the object will move and will return
to its natural state based on the
object's material or composition -
earth, water, air, and fire.
Vertical Motion

For example,
Aristotle believed
that because a ball
fell when thrown
upward, its element
was earth.

Smoke goes up the
air because it seeks
its natural place in
the atmosphere.
Aristotelian concept
of natural motion is
largely vertical
motion which is
falling or rising.

An object moving in a violent motion
requires push or pull to maintain
horizontal motion. Motion continues
only so long as there is an applied
force to an object. When the force is
removed, motion stops.
Horizontal Motion

 The example at the right shows piled
boxes of food donations. The boxes
will remain on the floor unless a push
or a pull force is applied.

Violent motion is imposed
motion caused by pushing or
pulling.
Aristotle classified any motion
that required a force as a
"violent motion".

Aristotle believed that
the projectile motion
of an object is parallel
to the ground until it
is the object's time to
fall back into the
ground.
Projectile Motion

He viewed
projectile motion
as natural and
violent motion. He
said that heavy
objects fall faster
than light ones.

Galileo’s Concept of
Vertical Motion,
Horizontal Motion,
and Projectile Motion

In the absence of a resistance,
objects would fall not depending
on their weight, but in the time
of fall.
Vertical Motion

Object in vacuum will fall
at the same time because in
a vacuum there is nothing.
Since there is no air or
anything in space, objects
that are heavy or light, will
fall at the same time.

An object in motion, if unimpeded, will
continue to be in motion, and an external
force is not necessary to maintain the
motion.
Horizontal Motion
For example, if a ball
is pushed on an
infinitely flat plane,
the ball will continue
to roll if unimpeded.

The objects will continue
to move. This kind of
motion, however, is not
evident in nature.

Galileo was able to determine that the path of a
projectile is parabolic. For example, when you shoot a
ball in a basketball ring.
Projectile Motion

Although the quantitative
description of motion is accurate,
it sometimes fails to give an
observer a clear picture of how
motion occurs. That is why
motion graphs are needed for
easier interpretation.

Motion graph shows that
an objects distance does
not change over time. This
means that the object is at
rest.
Motion graph shows
that the speed of the
object does not
change and moving
but in constant
speed.

Newton’s Three
Law of Motion

Laws of Inertia
These law of motion was
adopted by Aristotle from
Galileo's law of motion. A
body at rest stays at rest
or a body in motion
continues to move at
constant velocity unless
acted upon by an
unbalanced force.

Newton’s Law Of Universal Gravitation
Newton has formulated another law which relates gravity,
mass and force. This is called the law of universal gravitation.
This law states that two objects gravitate toward each other
because of the attractive force present between them. In this
law the acceleration of a falling body, in the absence of air
resistance is 9.8m/s2 if the object falls close to the surface of
earth.
F= mg

Formula Of Newtons Second Law Of Motion
a= F/m SI Unit = m/s2
F=ma SI Unit = N= kgm/s2
m= F/a SI Unit = kg

Example: A certain object has mass
of 5kg. What will be the acceleration
if a force of 200N is applied on it?
a= F/m
a=200N/5kg
a= 40 m/s₂
a= F/m
a=200N/5kg
a= 40 m/s₂

20-kg ball is accelerated 500
m/s2 by what force?
F=ma
F= 20kg X 500 m/s2
F= 10,000 N

For every
action, there
is an equal
and
opposite
reaction.
Law of Action-Reaction

Main difference between Newtons Law of Motion
and Kepler Law of Planetary Motion.
Newton’s Law of Motion are axioms
while Kepler’s Law of Planetary motion
are empirical laws. This means that
Newton’s Law are considered true even
without proof. On the other hand
Kepler's Law are based on
experiments.

Understanding
Mass, Momentum
and Energy
Conservation

Conservation of Mass
The father of Modern Chemistry
Antoine Lavoisier developed the Law of
Conservation of Mass. This law states
that matter cannot be created or
destroyed, only changed into
something else.

Before Lavoisier, it was believed that
when a log of wood burned in a fire, it was
destroyed because the matter that the log was
made of seemed to disappear.
According to Lavoisier's brilliant and
radical theory, the log is converted into
another form of matter, namely ashes, smoke,
gasses and steam.

Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed;
however, they can be transformed. If you
switch on the light in your room, the electrical
energy you consume will be exactly equivalent
to the heat and light energy you will get.

Conservation of Energy
In other words, the total amount of energy in the
universe changes, it never disappears but it
changes from one form to another. This is what
we call The Law of Conservation of Energy.
Thermodynamics describes energy conservation.
Energy can be transferred as work or heat.

Newton's Third Law of Motion explains conservation of
momentum. For example, in a game of pool, the cue
ball hits the billiard ball with a force; this is the action
force. The equal but opposite force exerted by the
billiard ball on the cue ball is considered as the
reaction force. Formula of momentum is P=mv.
Conservation of Momentum

Solving Collision
Problems using Law of
Conservation of
Momentum

Collision occurs when two things hit each other such
as two billiard balls or two cars. But in physics, it is
commonly defined as when two particles hit each
other and a large force is felt by each particle for a
short time. The simplest case of a collision is a head-
on collision in which, both momentum and kinetic
energy are conserved. We can use the principle of
conservation of momentum to measure
characteristics of motion such as velocity.

A 5.0 kg of ball is launched
with a speed of 2.0 m/s. Find
the momentum of the ball?
A 5.0 kg of ball is launched
with a speed of 2.0 m/s. Find
the momentum of the ball?

Physics class for kids: kinetic energy infographics
Complete the sentence with the correct answer. What kind of energy is it?
a) When a dog is sleeping, it is
b) When a dog is running, it is
c) If the light is on, it is
d) If the light is off, it is
e) When the orange is in the tree, it is
f) When the orange is falling from the tree, it is
_________________ energy
_________________ energy
_________________ energy
_________________ energy
_________________ energy
_________________ energy

Energy 1
Energy 2
Energy 3
Energy 4
Thermal
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Electrical
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Mechanical
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Radiant
Saturn is a gas giant
with several rings

Jupiter is a big planet
Mars is a red planet
We all live on Earth
Venus is a hot planet
Kinetic
Energy
Potential
Energy
Energy
types

Kinetic energy Potential energy
Mercury
Venus
Mars
Earth
Mercury is a small planet
Venus has a toxic atmosphere
Earth is the planet with life
Mars was named after a god
Jupiter is the biggest planet
Saturn is the ringed planet
Neptune is far away from us
Pluto is very small

Mercury
● Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
● Venus has extremely
high temperatures
● Earth is the only planet
that harbors life
● Despite being red, Mars
is actually a cold place
1
Saturn
● The Moon is Earth’s
only natural satellite
● Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
● Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
● Ceres is located in the
main asteroid belt
2
Jupiter is a gas giant
and the biggest planet in
the Solar System. It's
the fourth-brightest
object in the night sky

Earth is the third planet
from the Sun and the only
one that harbors life in the
Solar System. This is
where we all live on
Kinetic energy
Static
According to what you’ve learned. Mark the correct
answer of the following statements
What is kinetic energy? When an object is
In motion
Relativistic
Which kinetic energy is multiplied by the speed of light?
Rotational
True
Vibration doesn’t count as kinetic energy
False

50%
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun 30%
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

Energy through action
1
Earth Mars
3
Saturn
5
Venus
2
Mercury
4
Jupiter
6

Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name and extremely
high temperatures
and the biggest planet
in the Solar System
Jupiter
Saturn is a gas giant.
It’s composed of
hydrogen and helium
Saturn
Earth Mercury
Main
topic

Jupiter is a gas giant and
the biggest planet in the
Solar System
Jupiter
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one of them all
Mercury
It’s a gas giant and has
several rings. It’s
composed of hydrogen
Saturn
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place. It’s
also full with oxide dust
Mars
Kinetic
energy

Energy types
Mercury
planet to the Sun
1
Jupiter
2
Saturn
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
3

Mercury is quite a
small planet
Mercury ● Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun
● Earth is the only planet that
harbors life
Despite being red,
Mars is cold
Mars ● Jupiter is a gas giant and the
biggest planet
● Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Jupiter ● Neptune is the farthest planet
from the Sun
● Ceres is located in the main
asteroid belt
Main topic

Drag the following words to the correct box
Kinetic energy Potential energy
Candle
Moving car
Walking
Gasoline
Rubber
Fruit
Bouncing
Match
Battery
Waterfall
Candle
Moving car

M Mechanical Mars is actually a cold place
E Electrical Venus has a beautiful name
L Light Jupiter is the biggest planet
T Thermal Neptune is far away from us
S Sound Saturn has several rings

Concept 1
Concept 2
Concept 3
Concept 4
Concept 5
Activity A Activity B Activity C Activity D

Earth
Venus Mars
Mercury
Mercury is the
closest planet to the
Sun
Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas
giant and the
biggest planet
Neptune
Neptune is the
farthest planet from
the Sun
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a
very cold place

1.
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest one
Potential energy
2.
Jupiter is the biggest planet in the
Solar System
4.
Despite being red, Mars is actually a
cold place
3.
Saturn is a gas giant and has
several rings
5.
Venus is the second planet from the
Sun
Kinetic energy
6.
Neptune is the farthest planet from
the Sun
8.
Earth is the only planet that harbors
life
7.
The Sun is the star at the center of
the Solar System

Mercury
planet to the Sun
● Ceres is located in the
main asteroid belt
● Earth is the only planet
that harbors life
● Saturn is a gas giant with
several rings
Jupiter
Neptune
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a very
cold place

VS.
7/10
Potential energy
Venus has a beautiful name,
but also an extremely
poisonous atmosphere
5/10
Kinetic energy
Jupiter is a huge gas giant
named after the Roman god of
skies and lightning

15%
Mercury
Mercury is the
Sun
25%
Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas
giant and the
biggest planet
50%
Neptune
Neptune is the
the Sun
90%
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a
very cold place

According to what you’ve learned. Mark each box with the correct answer
Which of the following is kinetic energy?
Person
walking
Person
sitting
Person
jumping
Ball
falling
Which of the following is potential energy?
Parked
car
Ripe
fruit
Yo-yo
falling
Water
running

1
Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas
giant and the
biggest planet
2
Neptune
Neptune is the
farthest planet
from the Sun
3
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a
very cold place
Earth is the third
planet from the Sun
and the only one that
harbors life in the
Earth

Mercury
Mercury is the
Sun
Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas
giant and the
biggest planet
Neptune
Neptune is the
the Sun
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a
very cold place

Earth is the third
planet from the Sun
and the only one that
harbors life in the
In the box below, draw an example of kinetic energy
Describe what you understand about kinetic energy

Choose the correct answer
Kinetic energy is: Potential energy is:
Pluto is a dwarf planet
Ceres is in the main asteroid belt
The Moon is Earth’s natural satellite
Mercury is a very small planet
Venus has a very toxic atmosphere
Earth is where we all live on
Mars is full of iron oxide dust
Jupiter doesn’t have a solid surface

Main topic
Venus Venus has a toxic atmosphere
Mercury Mercury is very a small planet
Earth It is the planet where we live on
Mars Mars was named after a god
Jupiter Jupiter is the biggest planet

Earth is the
planet where we
all live on
Earth
Mercury is the smallest planet
Despite being red, Mars is cold
Jupiter is the biggest planet
Saturn is a gas giant and has rings
Neptune is far away from us

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and
the smallest one of them all
Mercury
It’s the second-brightest natural object in the
night sky after the Moon
Venus
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet
in the Solar System
Jupiter

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