POWERPOINT PRESENTATION FOR CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE

1. Characteristics Of
Wave

2. CHARACTERISTIC OF A WAVE
01
HIGHEST POINT
02
03 04
LOWEST POINT
MAXIMUM
DISPLACEMENT FROM
EQUILIBRIUM
DISTANCE OF A
COMPLETE CYCLE
CREST TROUGH
AMPLITUDE WAVELENGTH

3. CREST AND TROUGHS
3
The Crest is the peak or highest points of a wave
while Troughs is the lowest points. Crest to
crest or troughs to trough equals to 1 complete
cycle and also
the wavelength
of a wave.

4. AMPLITUDE
4
Amplitude is the maximum displacement from the rest
position. It is the height of the crest or depth of a trough
measured from its rest position. High energy wave is
characterized by high
amplitude and low
energy by low amplitude.

5. WAVE A
WAVE B
Observe the amplitude of wave A and B. What wave has a higher energy?

6. WAVE A
WAVE B
High Energy Wave
Low Energy Wave

7. The Wavelength is the distance between two
successive troughs or crest. It is the length of
one complete
cycle.
Characteristics of Waves
Wavelength
Wavelength

8. Decrease in wavelength shows higher energy
transfer in a wave to its successive wave
while increase of wavelength shows lower
energy
transfer of a
wave.

9. 9
WAVE A
WAVE B
Observe the wavelength of wave A
and B. What wave has a higher
energy?

10. 10
WAVE A
WAVE B
SHORTER WAVELENGTH= HIGHER ENERGY AND
HIGHER FREQUENCY
LONGER WAVELENGTH= LOWER ENERGY AND
LOWER FREQUENCY

11. MEASURE OF A
LIGHT WAVE

12. MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT WAVE
SPEED
WAVELENGTH
FREQUENC
Y
01
02
03

13. MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT WAVE
SPEED
3.0X108m/s
WAVELENGTH
M
FREQUENC
Y
Hz or
s-1
01 02
03

14. Speed
Speed refers to how fast light is moving
that can be quantified as distance travel per
unit of time (m/s).
In a light wave speed has a constant value
of 3.0x108 m/s

15. It refers to the number of complete cycles of
a medium per a given amount of time. The
unit
Hertz or s-1.
FREQUENCY
LAMBDA-measurement of wavelength
for a light wave
Speed of light
Constant Value
Frequency

16. Violet light has a wavelength of
4.10x10-12m. What is the
frequency?
Given:
C= 3.0x108m/s-1
λ= 4.10x10-12m
F=?

17. Violet light has a wavelength of 4.10x10-12m.
What is the frequency?
Given:
C= 3.0x108 m/s-1
λ= 4.10x10-12m
SOLUTION:
f = 3.0x108 m/s-1
4.10x10-12 m
f= 7.3x1019 Hz

18. If an x-ray machine emits E.M.R.
with wavelength of 1.00x10-10m,
what is the frequency?
Given:
C= 3.0x108 m/s-1
λ= 1.00x10-10m
F= ?
SOLUTION:
f = 3.0x108 m/s-1
1.00x10-10 m
f= 3.0x1018 Hz

19. An electricity emits light with a
wavelength of 5x105m. What is the
frequency of a wave?
Given:
C= 3.0x108 m/s-1
λ= 5x105m
F= ?
SOLUTION:
f = 3.0x108 m/s-1
5.0x105 m
f= 6.0x102 Hz

20. A yellow bulb use by Sonia in her
room emit light has 6.0x10-7m
wavelength. Find the frequency of
light.
Given:
C= 3.0x108 m/s-1
λ= 6.0x10-7m
F= ?
SOLUTION:
f = 3.0x108 m/s-1
6.0x10-7 m
f=5.0x1014 Hz

21. A phone used by Carla emits 4.7x10-7m of
blue light. What is the frequency of light?
Given:
C= 3.0x108 m/s-1
λ= 4.7x10-7m
F= ?
SOLUTION:
f = 3.0x108 m/s-1
4.7x10-7 m
f=6.4x1014 Hz

22. Wavelength
The Wavelength is the distance
between two successive troughs or
crest. Lambda is use to represent
light wavelength
in meters.

23. 1. Green Light has a frequency of
6.01x1014Hz. What is the
wavelength?
Given:
C= 3.0x108 m/s-1
λ=?
F= 6.01x1014Hz

24. Green Light has a frequency of
6.01x1014Hz. What is the
wavelength?
Given:
C= 3.0x108 m/s-1
λ=?
F= 6.01x1014Hz
SOLUTION:
λ = 3.0x108 m/s-1
6.01x1014Hz
λ = 5.0x1014m

25. What is the wavelength of
electromagnetic carrier wave transmitted
by a radio station at a frequency of
640x103Hz?
Given:
C= 3.0x108 m/s-1
λ=?
F= 640x103Hz
SOLUTION:
λ = 3.0x108 m/s-1
640x103Hz
λ = 4.70x102m

26. Calculate the wavelength of radiation
with frequency of 8.0x1014 Hz.
Given:
C= 3.0x108 m/s-1
λ=?
F= 8.0x1014 Hz
SOLUTION:
λ = 3.0x108 m/s-1
8.0x1014 Hz
λ = 3.8x10-17m

27. What is the wavelength of x-rays
having a frequency 4.80x1017Hz?
Given:
C= 3.0x108 m/s-1
λ=?
F=
SOLUTION:
λ = 3.0x108 m/s-1
4.80x1017Hz
λ = 6.3x10-10m

28. Measurement
Of Speed Of
Light

29. It is a fact that nothing can travel faster
than the speed of light. In fact, light travels at a
speed of around 3.00 x 108m/s.
Early attempts to measure light's speed
were unsuccessful and assumed that light moved
instantaneously and the light speed was either
too fast to measure or infinite. Two of the most
notable people did experimental attempts
namely Galileo and Roemer.

30. Galileo's Attempts

31. ● An Italian physicist Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
conducted the first scientific attempt to measure the
speed of light.
● Galileo and his assistant
each took a shuttered
lantern and stood on
hilltops one mile apart.

32. ● Galileo flashed his lantern and the assistant was
supposed to open the shutter to his own lantern as
soon as he saw Galileo's light.

33. • Galileo would then get the time on how
long it took before he saw the light from
the hilltop.

34. • After several repetitions of this
experiment at greater distances
between observers, Galileo
concluded that they could not open
the lanterns fast enough and light
might travel with an infinite speed.

35. Roemer's Method

36. Several years later, Danish astronomer
named Ole Roemer (1644-1710) was the first
person to successfully estimate the speed of
light around 1675.
He fairly estimated light speed by
monitoring the time for Io, Jupiter's moon to
make one complete circuit around Jupiter.

37. It was believed that Io, the innermost moon has a
period of about 42.5h. This was measured by
observing the eclipse of Io as it passed behind
Jupiter. Jupiter has a
period of 12 years, so as
the Earth moves through
180 degrees around the
sun, Jupiter revolves only
15 degrees.

38. By observing orbital motion of Io as a clock, and
Based on this observation, he announced the
value for the speed of light of 2.25 x 108 m/s. This
value was obtained by dividing the diameter of
the Earth's orbit around the sun, wherein during
his time it is around 29.0 x 1011 m by 22 min. This
experiment is historically important because it
was able to demonstrate that the speed of light
has a finite numerical value.

39. Electron as
Wave

40. Two famous scientists in the 1600s,
Christian Huygens and Isaac Newton were
both working on the theories for the behavior
of light.
• Huygens proposed a wave theory of light.
• Newton’s was a “corpuscular” (particle) theory
of light.

41. Huygens believed that light was made up of vibrating
waves and formulate a way to visualize wave propagation.
Huygens suggested that light wave in a vacuum are
spherical and spread out as they travel at the speed of light.
This explains why light shining through
a pin hole will spread out rather than
going in a straight line.
Huygens Wave Theory of Light

42. Newton believed that light was made up of small
particles and these particles would naturally have
mass too. Since light particles have
mass, he deduced that a beam of
light parallel to the surface of the
earth would bend downward due
to the pull of earth’s gravity.
Newton’s “Corpuscular” (Particle) Theory of
Light

43. In 1803, Thomas Young studied the interference of light
waves using the double-slit experiment. By shining light
through a screen with two slits equally separated, the light
emerging form the two slits, spread out according to
Huygens's principle. Eventually the two wave fronts will
overlap with each other.
His experiment firmly
supported Huygens wave
theory of light.

45. In the early 19 th century, diffraction (slight bending)
of light had been observed which support the wave
theory of light over. In 1900 Max Planck proposed
the existence of a light quantum, a finite packet of
energy which depends on the frequency and velocity
of the radiation.

46. In 1905 Albert Einstein suggested that light is composed of
tiny particles called photons and each photon has energy.
This finding came to be known as the photon theory of
light which later led to the conceptualization of quantum
mechanics in the twentieth century.

47. Properties
Of Wave
Enter

48. A. Dispersion - The separation of visible
light into its different colors when it passes
through a transparent medium like glass
prism. Visible light, also known as white light,
upon passage through the prism, the white
light is separated into its component colors -
red, orange,
yellow, green, blue
and violet.

49. The rainbow is a natural spectrum of sunlight in the
sky. This is produced by the dispersion of white
sunlight by raindrops in the atmosphere. Each
raindrops acts as a
tiny glass prism splitting
sunlight into a spectrum.

50. B. Scattering of Light - As light passes
through a medium, some of it is being
absorbed and the rest is scattered away.
Light must be absorbed first by the
molecule followed by
re-radiation of light
in various directions.

51. When light waves from two light sources are mixed, then the
waves are said to interfere. The two nature of wave interference
are constructive and destructive interference.
Constructive Interference - occurs If the
crests of two light waves combine, this
makes the light appear brighter.
C. Interference of Light

52. Destructive Interference - When the trough of one light wave
will meet the crest of another, then light will either appear darker.
Interference of Light

53. D. Diffraction of Light - This is the bending of
light as it passes through an object because of
the slits or holes in it, causing it to produce a light
on the other side of that object.
Diffraction is commonly
happening in the
atmosphere where
atmospheric particles like
tiny water droplets from the
clouds bend the light

54. THANK YOU!