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Biomes
A biome is a geographic region characterized by distinct plant and animal communities adapted to specific climate conditions, soils, and ecological relationships. When describing a biome, key details to include are the definition, location, formation process, climate (temperature and precipitation), soils, plant life, and animal life present in that environment.
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Biomes
- 1. A Biome isa world region that is characterised by groups of plants and animals adapted to specific conditions of climate, soils and biotic inter-relationships 29/07/2014 1 Geoecology
- 2. 29/07/2014 2Geoecology Characterised byinter-relationships of: Climate • Soils • Plants • Animals • When answering a question on biomes always include: • Definition • Location • Formation of that biome • Climate (temperature & precipitation) • Soils • Plants • Animals
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- 6. 29/07/2014 6Geoecology Californian •Great Basin •Mohave •Sonoran •Chihuahuan Atacama Namib Sahara Great AustralianDesert Turkestan Gobi Kalahari Arabian
- 7. 29/07/2014 7Geoecology Hadley Cells 1.Equator 0o – LP – Air Rises 2. Convectional Rainfall Moves away from Equator 3. Tropics 30o – HP – Air Sinks 4. Moves towards equator Compressed Warm air holds moisture – DRY 5. Desert - Sahara
- 8. 29/07/2014 8Geoecology Rain ShadowEffect 1. Coastal Mountains act as barrier to moist air 2. Forced to rise & cool 3. Precipitation on windward side 4. Leeward Air dry 5. Mountains – Sierra Nevada 6. Desert - Mohave
- 9. 29/07/2014 9Geoecology Cold OceanCurrents 1. Wind that blows over cold currents are cooled 2. Cannot hold moisture so precipitates 3. On reaching hot land – air is warmed – retains moisture 4. Desert – Namib / Atacama
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- 12. 29/07/2014 12Geoecology Aridisols Sandy toCoarse textured Deep Soils (Basin) Little organic matter Light Grey Clour Intense Evaporation Alkaline Soil Calcification Salinisation Caliche
- 13. 29/07/2014 13Geoecology Prickly PearCactusBarrel Cactus Desert Paintbrush Mesquite
- 14. 29/07/2014 14Geoecology Black Widow CactusWren Lizard Dingo Vulture Chameleon Grasshopper Sand Rat Gecko Camel
- 15. 29/07/2014 15Geoecology EFFECTS OFHUMAN ACTIVITIES -4 effects to be studied • Early Settlement – Clearing Forests • Felling of Tropical Rain Forests • Intensive Agriculture • Industrial Development DESERTS
- 16. European Forests Irish Forests • Started in Neolithic Age • Mid 1800s almost devoid of forest cover • 1900 only 1% forest cover • 2003 - 9.4% • EU average 31% 29/07/2014 16Geoecology
- 17. Country Forest Cover(% of land area) 2003 Ireland 9.4 % Netherlands 9.5 % Denmark 12.7 % Belgium 22.4 % Germany 30.2 % France 31.6 % Sweden 73.5 % Finland 75.5 % 29/07/2014 Geoecology 17 Source OECD
- 18. 29/07/2014 Geoecology 18 Dark Green:> 40 % cover Mid Green: 10 – 40 % cover Light Green: woodland, shrubland bushland
- 19. 29/07/2014 Geoecology 19 Average Annual% 1990 - 2000
- 20. 29/07/2014 Geoecology 20 Importance ofTropical Rain Forests • Home to Tribal Cultures that have survived for thousands of years • Home to 50% of plant and animal species • Winter home to birds that breed in temperate climates • Help to reduce Global CO2 levels • Help to maintain global rain and weather patterns • Source of pharmaceutical Drugs
- 21. 29/07/2014 Geoecology 21 Reasons forFelling • Firewood, charcoal, building materials, furniture • Conversion to pasture for cattle ranching • Mining for gold, bauxite (aluminium) etc. • Cultivation of Cash Crops • Overpopulation - migration
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- 26. Trends in AtmosphericConcentrations and Anthropogenic Emissions of Carbon Dioxide 29/07/2014 Geoecology 26
- 27. World Carbon DioxideEmissions 1999 Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent per capita 29/07/2014 Geoecology 27
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- 29. Effects of AcidRain 29/07/2014 Geoecology 29 Source: angelfire.com
- 30. Pollution of Riversand Lakes – Faecal Coliforms 29/07/2014 Geoecology 30
- 31. Pollution of Riversand Lakes – pH values 29/07/2014 Geoecology 31
- 32. Pollution of Coastsand Seas 29/07/2014 Geoecology 32
- 33. Pollution of Coastsand Seas 29/07/2014 Geoecology 33
- 34. World Ecosystems Undisturbed Partially Disturbed Human Dominated 51.9 %24.2 % 23.9 % Adjusted for Rock, Ice & Barren Land 27 % 36.7 % 36.3 % 29/07/2014 Geoecology 34 Source Hannah et Al 1994