The document details major terrestrial biomes, highlighting their climate, vegetation, and animal life. It discusses biomes such as tropical rainforests, grasslands, deserts, temperate forests, and tundras, explaining how Earth's tilt affects climate zones and the distribution of these biomes. Additionally, it addresses human impacts like deforestation and climate change on these ecosystems.

1. Environmental Science
TERRESTRI
AL
by mark eleazar s.
baldomar
BIOM

3. LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson the learners will be able to:
Define what biomes are and identify the major
terrestrial biomes.
Describe the climate, vegetation, and animal life
of each biome.
Locate major biomes on a world map.

4. A biome is a large geographic area characterized by
specific climate conditions, plants, and animals. Biomes
can be found on land (terrestrial biomes) or in water
(aquatic biomes). It consists of a biological community that
has formed in response to its physical environment and
regional climate. Biomes may span more than one
continent. A biome encompasses multiple ecosystems
within its boundaries. Biomes have distinct climate
patterns because of differences in solar radiation.
WHAT IS BIOMES?

5. The tilt of the Earth causes variations in climate zones and the amount of sunlight
received in different regions, resulting in a variety of biomes across the planet

6. The Earth is tilted at an angle of about 23.5 degrees on its
axis. This tilt, combined with its orbit around the Sun,
causes different regions to receive varying amounts of
sunlight throughout the year. This results in distinct
climate zones that affects biomes
HOW EARTH'S TILT
AFFECTS BIOMES

8. • Tropical Climates: Near the equator, with high temperatures and heavy rainfall,
supporting lush rainforests.
• Dry Climates: North and south of the tropics, with low rainfall and high
temperatures, leading to deserts and steppes.
• Temperate/Continental Climates: North and south of dry zones, with moderate
temperatures and seasonal changes. Biomes include temperate forests and
grasslands, with extreme variations in continental regions.
• Polar Climates: In the Arctic and Antarctic, with cold temperatures and minimal
precipitation, featuring tundras and polar ice caps.
CLIMATE ZONES

9. 1.TROPICAL
RAINFOREST
The tropical rainforest biome is characterized by its
dense, lush vegetation and high biodiversity, thriving
in regions with consistently warm temperatures and
heavy rainfall year-round. This biome supports a
complex ecosystem where a variety of plant and
animal species coexist, contributing to its role as a
vital component of the global climate system.
Climate: Warm, wet, with high rainfall.
Vegetation: Dense, with layers (canopy, understory).
Animals: High biodiversity (e.g., monkeys, birds).
Areas/Places: Amazon Basin (South America), Africa, Southeast
Asia.
Importance: Oxygen production, carbon storage.

10. 2.
GRASSLAND/SA
VANNA
Grasslands, or savannas, are open ecosystems
dominated by grasses and occasional trees,
typically found in regions with seasonal rainfall and
warm temperatures. These biomes support a
diverse range of herbivores and predators, and
they play a crucial role in maintaining ecological
balance through their unique vegetation and fire
cycles.
Climate: Warm, with seasonal rainfall.
Vegetation: Grasses, scattered trees.
Animals: Large herbivores (e.g., elephants, lions).
Areas/Places: Africa, Brazil, Northern Australia.
Importance: Supports diverse wildlife and human
activities like grazing.

11. 3. TEMPERATE
GRASSLAND
Temperate grasslands are expansive, open landscapes
dominated by grasses with minimal tree cover, shaped
by moderate rainfall and distinct seasonal shifts,
including hot summers and cold winters. These
ecosystems support diverse herbivore populations and
are valued for their fertile soils, making them key
regions for agriculture and livestock grazing.
Climate: Moderate, with seasonal droughts.
Vegetation: Grasses, few trees.
Animals: Herbivores (e.g., bison) and predators (e.g., wolves).
Areas/Places: Great Plains (USA), Pampas (Argentina), Steppes
(Eurasia).
Human Impact: Agriculture and farming.

12. 4. DESERT
Deserts are the driest of all biomes, characterized
by extremely low precipitation, often less than 10
inches (25 cm) annually, resulting in sparse
vegetation and harsh living conditions. Despite their
dryness, deserts host specialized plants and animals
adapted to extreme temperatures and water
scarcity, contributing to unique and resilient
ecosystems.
Climate: Hot, dry, extreme temperatures.
Vegetation: Sparse, drought-resistant plants (e.g., cacti).
Animals: Adapted to conserve water (e.g., camels,
reptiles).
Areas/Places: Sahara, North America, Arabian Desert
Challenges: Water scarcity, extreme heat.

13. 5.TEMPERATE
DECIDUOUS FOREST
Temperate deciduous forests are biomes
characterized by four distinct seasons—winter,
spring, summer, and fall—and moderate rainfall
throughout the year. These forests are dominated by
broadleaf trees that shed their leaves annually,
supporting a diverse array of wildlife and
contributing to rich, fertile soils through the
decomposition of organic matter.
Climate: Moderate, with distinct seasons.
Vegetation: Deciduous trees (e.g., oaks, maples) that shed
leaves.
Animals: Deer, squirrels, birds.
Areas/Places: Eastern United States, Europe, East Asia. Canada

14. 6.TAIGA / CONIFEROUS
FOREST
Temperate coniferous forests, also known as temperate
evergreen forests, boreal forest, are characterized by
their dominance of coniferous trees such as pine, spruce,
and fir. These forests experience moderate climates with
cool to mild temperatures and relatively even precipitation
throughout the year, supporting a range of wildlife and
maintaining healthy, nutrient-rich soils.
Climate: Moderate, with cool to mild temperatures and
consistent precipitation.
Vegetation: Coniferous trees (e.g., pine, spruce, fir) with
evergreen needles.
Animals: Bears, deer, foxes, various bird species.
Areas/Places: Pacific Northwest of the United States, parts of
Canada, northern Europe.

15. 6.TUNDRA
Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes, treeless biome
characterized by its short growing seasons, low
temperatures, and limited vegetation. It is found in the
Arctic regions and high mountain tops, where the
ground is often frozen or permafrost is present. Despite
its harsh conditions, the tundra supports a range of
specially adapted plants and animals, including mosses,
lichens, arctic foxes, and polar bears.
Climate: Coldest, with permafrost.
Vegetation: Low shrubs, mosses.
Animals: Arctic foxes, caribou. Polar Bears
Challenges: Fragile ecosystem, climate change effects.

18. HUMAN
IMPACT
ON
BIOMES
Deforestation: Clearing forests for
agriculture, urbanization.
Climate Change: Affecting
temperatures, rainfall patterns.
Conservation Efforts: Protecting
endangered biomes and species.

19. Terrestrial Biomes
THANK
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