This document discusses different biomes and ecosystems. It begins by defining a biome as a large area characterized by its climate, vegetation, and wildlife. It then lists and describes several major biomes including forest biomes (tropical rainforest, temperate forest, taiga), tundra biome, grassland biome, desert biome, chaparral biome, marine biome, and freshwater biome. For each biome it provides details on climate, location examples, and characteristic plant and animal species. The document concludes by identifying three major threats to tropical rainforest biomes as deforestation, over-exploitation of resources, and climate change.

1. PRAYER

2. GINO P. BELBES
BSED-BIO. SCIE.
(VOLUNTEER TEACHER & SUBSTITUTE TEACHER)
(MAED MAJOR IN SCIENCE)

3. BIOMES
EARTH/ ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCE

5. BIOME
S
A biome is a large area characterized by
its vegetation, soil, climate, and wildlife.
Alarge areacharacterizedbyaspecifickindof climate
andcertainkindsofplantandanimalscommunities.
A biome is an area of the planet that can
be classified according to the plants and
animals that live in it

6. BIOMES
ECOSYSTEM

7. BIOMES
Taiga Biome
Forest Biome
Aquatic Biome
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM

8. 2 CATEGORIES OF
BIOMES
1. TERRESTRIAL BIOMES 2. AQUATIC BIOMES
Many of Earth’s biomes are terrestrial, or land-based.
The characteristics of terrestrial biomes are heavily
influenced by temperature and rainfall. The major
terrestrial biomes are listed below.
The aquatic biome is divided into freshwater and
marine regions. Freshwater regions, such as lakes and
rivers, have a low salt concentration. Marine regions,
such as estuaries and the ocean, have higher salt
concentrations.

9. 5 TYPES OF
TERRESTRIAL
BIOMES
a. Forest Biome
-Tropical Biome
-Temperate Forest Biome
-Taiga (Boreal Forest) Biome
b. Tundra Biome
c. Grassland Biome
d. Desert Biome
e. Chaparral Biome
TERRESTRIAL BIOME
A biome of community of
plants and animals living in,
and adapted-to, a certain
climate. Many of Earth’s
Biomes are terrestrial or land-
based
Animals: all land animals

10. A. FOREST
BIOMES
Forest cover up to 30% of the earth’s
surface. They are complex ecosystems
that create specific conditions which
determine the species of animals that
can exist in a region.
Forest Biome has the greatest diversity
of living things
Forests support a huge diversity of life.
Despite the importance of forests, they are
being removed at frightening rates.
South America, Central Africa, and
Southeast Asia.

11. TROPICAL RAINFOREST
BIOME
• Tropical rainforests are found at latitudes
near the equator. In these areas, average
temperatures and rainfall are high
throughout the year. This warm, wet
climate allows tropical rainforests to have
high biodiversity
• The trees in tropical rainforest absorb a
large percentage of the carbon dioxide
in the earth’s atmosphere.
• Prolific plant growth-Producing a lot of
fruits, flowers, and young
• Wild animals & wild plants
Amazon rainforest in South America and the Congo
rainforest in Africa.

12. TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS
FOREST
• A Temperate forest A distinct feature that
perhaps makes the temperate forest one of the
most beautiful biomes are the four seasons.
Owing to the placement of these forests in the
temperate region, there are four distinct seasons
in this region- : winter, spring, summer, and fall
• Experience 4 seasons
-Spring (March 1 to May 31)
-Summer (June 1 to August 31)
-Autumn ‘Fall’ ( Sept. 1 to Oct. 30)
-Winter (Dec. 1 to Feb. 28)
Germany, Northern Japan, Southern Russia
,Finland & Europe

14. TAIGA (BOREAL
FOREST) BIOME
• The animals in taiga biomes have thick fur
that keeps their bodies warm even in sub-
zero temperatures
• Taiga, generally referred to in North
America as a boreal forest or snow forest, is
a biome characterized by coniferous
forests consisting mostly of pines, and
larches.
• occupies about 17 percent of Earth’s land
surface area

15. B. TUNDRA BIOMES
ALPHINE
ARCTIC
PLANTS: Lichens, grasses, shrubs,
mosses, and sedges
ANIMALS: Polar bears, arctic foxes,
reindeers, and arctic hares “white rabbit”
-tundra, a major zone of treeless
level or rolling ground found in
cold regions, mostly north of
the Arctic Circle (Arctic tundra)
or above the timberline on
high mountains (alpine tundra).
-tundra covers 20% of the Earth’s
land surface.
Permafrost-any area of land that remain
frozen for at least 2 years

16. C. GRASSLAND BIOME
2 types of Grasslands
Temperate grassland
-Temperate grasslands are
located in the Northern
Hemisphere.
-They are also called prairies
or steppes.
-They have hot summers and
cold winters.
Animals: Gazelles, elephants,
ground squirrels, and
giraffes.
Tropical grasslands/
Savannas
-Savanna is Grassland with a few
scattered trees.
-are found around the equatorial
regions of the earth.
-The savanna has both a dry and
wet Season. Seasonal fires are
critical to the biodiversity of the
savanna.
Grassland biomes consist of large open areas of grass.
Trees can be present, but they are infrequent. The
animals found in grasslands range from African
elephants to various species of prairie dogs.
Low rainfall, wildland fires, and
grazing by animals are three
factors that
maintain grasslands.
In grassland regions,
the climate is ideal for the
growth of grasses only.
Grasslands go by many names. In the United
States Midwest, they're often called prairies. In
South America, they're known as pampas. Central
Eurasian grasslands are referred to as steppes,
while African grasslands are savannas. What they
all have in common are grasses, their naturally
dominant vegetation.

17. D. DESERT
BIOME
A Desert is a biome in which the temperature is
normally very high, and receives very little
precipitation.
Receive minimal amount of rainfall less than 20
inches.
Soil is rocky because of low chemical weathering.
They are often composed of rock and sand.
Desert plants and animals have unique adaptations
that allow them to survive.
The Sahara Desert: The Largest Hot Desert In The World
Arabian Desert: Largest Desert In Asia
Gobi Desert: Largest Dinosaur Fossil Reservoir In The World (China & Mongolia)

19. E. CHAPARRAL BIOME
• Chaparral is one of the Earth’s
major biomes. These areas undergo
long, hot, dry summers and mild, rainy
winters, but they vary a great deal from
one another
• (Grassland, forest & Shrublands)
• The southern parts of California and
central Australia are perfect examples of
chaparral biomes
• Receive minimal amount of rainfall less
than 30 inches
South America’s West Coast
South Africa’s Cape Town
Australia’s Western tip
Coast of the Mediterranean.
Plants: Cacti, Oak trees & mahogany
Animals: Lizard, fox, kangaroos

20. 2. AQUATIC BIOMES
2 types of Aquatic Biome
• Marine Biome
• Freshwater Biome
The aquatic biomes is the largest of all
the biomes, covering about 75 percent of Earth’s
surface. This biome is usually divided into two
categories: freshwater and marine.

21. MARINE BIOME
• Marine biomes cover close to
three-quarters of Earth’s surface.
Marine biomes include the
ocean, coral reefs, and estuaries.
Coral reefs -biomes are located in the shallow
parts of the ocean, especially near the tropics
OCEAN -is a body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of the Earth and contains 97% of
Earth's water. The term ocean also refers to any of the large bodies of water into which the world ocean
is conventionally divided. The ocean is the primary component of the Earth's hydrosphere, and thus
essential to life on Earth. The ocean influences climate and weather patterns, the carbon cycle, and the
water cycle by acting as a huge heat reservoir.
ESTUARY-is an area where a freshwater river or
stream meets the ocean. When freshwater and
seawater combine, the water becomes brackish, or
slightly salty

22. River-A river is a large, flowing body of water that empties into a sea or an
ocean. A river is a large body of fresh, flowing water. Although some rivers are
large and deep, they can also be narrow and shallow.
Lake- is a state body of water. River is the
main source of drinking water, fresh water
Pond-A pond is a small body of freshwater surrounded by
land. Pond provide food, shelter, and shade for small animals
Freshwater biome
-Lakes, rivers and ponds
-1% of salt content
-Fish species, algae, and other
microorganisms
-Freshwater biomes are bodies of
water surrounded by land—such
as ponds, rivers, and lakes—that
have a salt content of less than
one percent.

23. The Five Largest Lakes in the Philippines
•1. Laguna de Baý Laguna de Baý is the largest lake in the
Philippines
•2. Lake Lanao-2nd biggest lake Philippines (Lanao Del Sur)
•3. Taal Lake-3rd biggest lake(Batangas)
•4. Lake Mainit-4th biggest lake (Northeastern Mindanao)
•5. Naujan Lake-5th biggest lake (Oriental Mindoro)
Ponds
1. Fishpond/ landscape/ artificial
Rivers in the Philippines
1. Hinatuan Enchanted River-Surigao del Sur
2. Puerto Princesa Underground River
(Puerto Princesa, Palawan. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site and also
one of the New 7 Wonders of Nature)
3. Loboc River- This beautiful river snakes through Bohol
Province in the Visayas
4. Pasig river-(Metro Manila)
5. The Bicol River-is the eighth largest river in the Philippines
Camarines Sur province

24. WHAT ARE THETHREEMAJOR THREATS TOTROPICAL
RAINFOREST BIOME?

25. 1.
DEFORESTATION
• Deforestation, the clearing or
thinning of forests by humans.
Deforestation represents one of
the largest issues in global land
use. Estimates of deforestation
traditionally are based on the
area of forest cleared for human
use, including removal of the
trees for wood products and for
croplands and grazing lands.

26. Desertification: the process by which fertile
land becomes desert, typically as a result of
drought (period of dry), deforestation, or
inappropriate agriculture
EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION
Deforestation adversely affects and damages
the environment
Soil erosion: The soil gets washed
away with rain water on sloppy areas
in the absence of trees leading to soil
erosion.

27. 2. OVER-
EXPLOITATION
• Overexploitation, also called
overharvesting, refers
to harvesting a renewable
resource to the point of
diminishing returns. Continued
overexploitation can lead to the
destruction of the resource, as it
will be unable to replenish.

28. 3. CLIMATE CHANGE
• Climate change is a change in the usual
weather found in a place. This could be a
change in how much rain a place usually gets
in a year. Or it could be a change in a place's
usual temperature for a month or season.
• Climate change is also a change in Earth's
climate. This could be a change in Earth's usual
temperature. Or it could be a change in where
rain and snow usually fall on Earth.

29. What are the solutions to climate change?
•Keep fossil fuels in the ground. Fossil fuels include coal, oil and gas – and the more that are extracted
and burned, the worse climate change will get. All countries need to move their economies away from fossil
fuels as soon as possible.
•Invest in renewable energy. Changing our main energy sources to clean and renewable energy is the
best way to stop using fossil fuels. These include technologies like solar, wind, wave, tidal and geothermal
power.
•Restore nature to absorb more carbon. The natural world is very good at cleaning up our emissions, but
we need to look after it. Planting trees in the right places or giving land back to nature through ‘rewilding’
schemes is a good place to start. This is because photosynthesising plants draw down carbon dioxide as
they grow, locking it away in soils.
•Reduce plastic. Plastic is made from oil, and the process of extracting, refining and turning oil into plastic
(or even polyester, for clothing) is surprisingly carbon-intense. It doesn’t break down quickly in nature so a
lot of plastic is burned, which contributes to emissions.
•Protect the oceans. Oceans also absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which
helps to keep our climate stable. But many are overfished, used for oil and gas drilling or threatened by
deep sea mining. Protecting oceans and the life in them is ultimately a way to protect ourselves from
climate change.

32. BIOMES(QUIZ)
1. This is an example of Marine Biome.
A. Rainforest B. Ocean C. Lake
2. What biome has the greatest diversity of living things?
A. Pond B. Desert C. Tropical rainforest forest
3 . Is an area of the planet that can be classified according to the plants and animals that live in it.
A. Ecosystem B. Biome C. Aquatic
4. Is a community of living organism interacting with each other and their non-living environment.
A. Ecosystem B. Terrestrial Biome C. Marine Biome
5. Also know as overharvesting resources.
A. Deforestation B. Climate Change C. Over-exploitation
6. One of the largest issues in global land use. Including removal of the trees for wood products and for
croplands and grazing lands.
A. Deforestation B. Climate Change C. Over-exploitation

33. 6. One of the largest issues in global land use. Including removal of the trees for wood
products and for croplands and grazing lands.
A. Deforestation B. Climate Change C. Over-exploitation
7. Taiga
A. Dry and cold B. Dry and hot C. Cold
8. Experience 4 seasons (Autumn, winter, summer & spring)
A. Tropical savanna B. Desert C. Temperate Forest
9. This is an example of Freshwater Biome.
A. River B. Estuary C. Chaparral
10. Also know as overharvesting resources.
A. Deforestation B. Climate Change C. Over-exploitation