A review of chapter 6 campbell in focus

2. 🔑Key Concept: An organism’s metabolism transforms
matter and energy
● Metabolism is the collection of chemical reactions that occur in an organism. Enzymes
catalyze reactions in intersecting metabolic pathways, which may be catabolic (break down
molecules, releasing energy) or anabolic (building molecules, consuming energy)
● Energy is the capacity to cause change; some forms of energy do work by moving matter.
Kinetic energy is associated with motion and includes thermal energy, associated with the
random motion of atoms or molecules. Heat is thermal energy in transfer from one object to
another. Potential energy is related to the location or structure of matter and includes
chemical energy possessed by a molecule due to its structure.
● The first law of thermodynamics, conservation of energy, states that energy cannot be
created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed. The second law of thermodynamics
states that spontaneous processes, those requiring no outside input of energy, increase the
entropy (disorder) of the universe.

3. ● Metabolism is the totality of an organism’s chemical
reactions
● Metabolism is an emergent property of life that arise from
interactions between molecules within the cell

4. ● A metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule and
ends with a product.
● Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme
If one enzyme in the pathway is dysfunctional
the product cannot be created

5. ● Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down
complex molecules into simpler compounds.
● Cellular respiration, the breakdown of glucose in the presence
of oxygen, is an example of a pathway of catabolism.
Cats break things
Catabolic reactions break molecules

6. ● Anabolic pathways consume energy to build complex
molecules from simpler ones
● The synthesis of protein from amino acids is an example of
anabolism
● Bioenergetics is the study of how organisms manage their
energy resources
Anabolic steroids build muscles
Anabolic reactions build molecules