The document discusses various commonly abused drugs such as opioids, cannabinoids, cocaine, barbiturates, amphetamines, and LSD. It describes how these drugs are obtained, their effects on the body, and how they are typically used. It also discusses causes of drug abuse such as curiosity, stress relief, and peer pressure. Long term effects can include addiction, overdose, infections like HIV, and damage to organs like the liver and brain. Prevention strategies mentioned include education, counseling, seeking help, and avoiding peer pressure.

2. The intake of drugs for a purpose other than their
normal clinical use in an amount and frequency that
impairs one’s physical, physiological and
psychological function, it constitutes drug abuse .
 The drugs which are commonly abused include
opioids, cannabinoids, coca-alkaloids, barbiturates,
amphetamines, and LSD(lysergic acid diethylamide)

3. These drugs bind the opioid receptors in central nervous system
and gastro-intestinal tract e.g., morphine and heroin .
Morphine is obtained from the latex of poppy plant .
Heroin (smack) is obtained by acetylation of morphine. It is
chemically diacetyl morphine and it is bitter, white, odourless,
crystalline compound.
Heroin is a depressant and slows down the body functions and
is also known as brown sugar
It is generally taken by smoking and injection.

5.  These are a group of chemicals which interact with the
cannabinoid receptors present mainly in the brain.
 Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescence of
Cannabis sativa .
 Marijuana, hashish, ganja and charas are also produced by
various combinations of flower tops, leaves and resins of
Cannabis plant .
 They affect the cardiovascular system of the body and are
taken by inhalation and oral ingestion.
 They are abused by sports persons in recent times.

7.  It is obtained from Erythroxylum coca.
 It interferes with the transport of
neurotransmitter, dopamine.
 It is usually taken by smoking.
 It has a potential stimulating action on
the central nervous system and
produces a sense of euphoria and
increased energy, its excessive dosage
causes hallucination.

8.  They produce the sense of ‘see
sound and hear colour’.
 Products from plants like
Atropa belladona and Datura .
are hallucinogenic.
 LSD(Lysergic Acid
Diethylamide) is obtained from
a fungus, claviceps purpurea

9.  It is usually chewed or smoked or used as snuff.
 It mainly contains nicotine, which is a stimulant and
toxin.
 Adrenal gland is stimulated by nicotine to release
adrenaline and non-adrenaline which increases the blood
pressure and heart rate.
 Chances of lung cancer, bronchitis, coronary heart
diseases, cancer of throat, gastric ulcer, cancer of urinary
bladder etc. are increased by the smoking of tobacco.
 Smoking of tobacco also increases the carbon monoxide
content of blood and reduces concentration of haeme-
bound oxygen, thus causing oxygen deficiency in the
body.

10.  Alcohol is a depressant and it affects central nervous system.

11. ADDICTION AND DEPENDENCE
 There are following causes of drugs/alcohol abuse.
(i) Curiosity
(ii) Need for adventure
(iii) Excitement
(iv) Experimentation
(v) To escape from stress
(vi) Un supportive family structure
 The tolerance level of the receptors in our body
increases with repeated use of drugs/alcohols,
and consequently they respond to higher doses
of drugs/alcohols.
 If the regular dose of drugs/alcohol is abruptly
discontinued, the body to manifests a
characteristic and unpleasant withdrawal
symptoms which can anxiety, nausea, sweating
etc.

12. SCENCE AND DRUG/ALCOHOL A
Adolescence is the period during which the child becomes
matured.
It is between 12 – 18 years of age.
Use of alcohol during adolescence can lead to heavy drinking in
adulthood.

13.  Reckless behaviour, and violence are the immediate effect of
drug abuse.
 Excess doses may lead to coma and death due to cerebral
haemorrhage, respiratory and heart failure.
 Death is caused by a combination of drugs or their intake with
alcohol .
 Infections like AIDS and Hepatitis can be caused if drug is taken
intravenously.
 Central nervous system and liver is damaged by chronic use of
drugs and alcohols.

14. i. Drop in Academic performance
ii. Lack of interest in personal hygiene
iii. Withdrawal and isolation from family and friends
iv. Aggressive and rebellious behaviour
v. Lack of interest in hobbies
vi. Change in sleeping and eating habits
vii. Fluctuations in weight etc.

15. i. Masculinisation
ii. Increased aggressiveness
iii. Mood swings
iv. Abnormal menstrual cycle
v. Excess of hair growth on face and body
vi. Deepening of voice

16. i. Acne
ii. Increased aggressiveness
iii. Depression
iv. Reduction in size of testicles
v. Decreased sperm production
vi. Potential for kidney and liver dysfunction
vii. Premature baldness
viii. Enlargement of prostate glands
ix. Enlarged breasts

17. PREVENTION AND CONTROL
i. Avoid undue peer pressure
ii. Education and counselling
iii. Seeking help from parents and peers
iv. Looking for danger signs
v. Seeking professional and medical help