This presentation describes about the various types of drug abuses and its prevention. Hope this will help those who are seeking help in this regard

2. Presented by:
Mrs. RITU RILTA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SHIMLA NURSING
COLLEGE

3. IMPACTS OF DRUG ABUSE AND ITSPREVENTION

4. DRUG ABUSE
 Drug abuse or substance abuse refers to the use of
certain chemicals for the purpose of creating
pleasurable effects on the brain.

6. ALCOHOL
 Alcohol is one of the leading causes of deaths and
disabilities globally and in India.
 Alcoholism refers to the use of alcoholic beverages to
the point of causing damage to the individual,
society or both.

7. PROPERTIES OF ALCOHOL
 A concentration of 80-100 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood is
considered intoxication.
 A person with 200 -250 mg will be toxic, sleepy, confused and his
thought process will be altered.
 If blood level is 300mg/ 100ml of blood the person may lose
consciousness.
 A concentration of 500mg / 100ml is fatal.

8. Nicotine Derivatives
 Nicotine is a naturally produced alkaloid in the
nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in
tobacco) and is widely used recreationally as a
stimulant and anxiolytic.

9. Opioid Derivatives
 In the last few decades, the use of opioids has
increased markedly globally
 The most important dependence producing
derivatives are morphine and heroin.

10. Conti……..
 The commonly abused opioids (narcotics) in our country are
heroin (brown sugar, smack) and synthetic preparations like
pethidine, for twin (pentazocine) and tidigesic (buprenorphine).
 The drugs that are injected through needle are heroin,
buprenorphine and pentazocine.
 Though most opiate users had begun inhaling the smoke heroin
they gradually shifted to needle use.
 These injection drug users have become a high risk group for
HIV infection.

11. CANNABIS derivatives

12. Properties of Cannabis
 Cannabis is derived from hemp plant, cannabis sativa.
 The dried leaves and flowering tops are often referred tops
ganja or marijuana.
 The resin of the plant is referred to as hashish.
 Bhang is a drink mad from cannabis.
 Cannabis is either smoked or taken in liquid from.

13. Cocaine derivatives

14. Properties of cocaine
Common street name is ‘crack’. It can be administered
orally, intranasally by smoking, or parenterally.
ACUTE INTOXICATION
Characterized by pupillary dilatation, tachycardia,
hypertension, sweating and nausea and hypomanic picture.

15. AMPHETAMINEs

16. Properties of AMPHETAMINEs
 Amphetamines are powerful CNS stimulants with
peripheral sympathomimetic effects.
 Commonly used amphetamines:
 Pemoline
 Methylphenidate

17. LSD

18. LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE
 LSD is a powerful hallucinogen and was first synthesized in
1938.
 It presumably produces its effects by acting on 5-HT levels in
brain.
 A common pattern of LSD use is ‘trip’ (occasional use
followed by a long period of abstinence).

19. BARBITURATEs

20. Conti…..
The commonly abused barbiturates:
 Secobarbital
 Pentobarbital
 Amobarbital

21. INHALANT OR VOLATILE SOLVENT
The commonly abused inhalant or volatile solvents include:
 Petrol
 Aerosols
 Thinners
 Varnish remover
 Industrial solvents

22. causes
Biological factors:
Family history, genetic predisposition
Preexisting psychiatric or personality
disorder, or a medical disorder.
Reinforcing effects of drugs.
Withdrawal effects and craving.
Biochemical factors

23. Psychological Factors:
 Curiosity
 As a novelty.
 Social rebelliousness.
 Early initiation
 Poor control.
 Sensation seeking. (Feeling high).
 Low self-esteem (Anomie).
 Poor stress management.
 Childhood loss or trauma.

24. conti…….
 As a relief from fatigue or boredom.
 To escape reality.
 No interest in conventional goals.
 Psychological distress.

25. Social factors:
 Peer pressure. (One of the most important causes.)
 Role-Modeling
 Easy availability of alcohol and drugs.
 Conflicts (usually intrafamilial).
 Religious reasons.
 Lack of social or familial support.
 Social attitude.
 Rapid urbanization.

27. effects
Physical Psychological Social
Economical

28. Physical effects
 Deterioration of appearance and neglected grooming
 Unusual smells on the breath, clothing and body.
 Bloodshot eyes and/ or pupils looking larger or
smaller than normal.
 Changes in sleeping pattern and appetite.
 Sudden weight loss or weight gain.
 Slurred speech.
 Impaired co-ordination.

29. Physical Diseases associated with Drug abuse
 More than 200 disease conditions are associated
with drug abuse:
 Hepatitis
 Gastritis
 Heart Diseases
 Pancreatitis
 Oral Cancer and Cancer of other body parts
 Diabetes
 Seizures

30. Psychological effects
 Difficulty in concentration.
 Hopelessness
 Lack of Motivation
 Dysregulated emotions.
 Loss of interest
 Irritability
 Suicidal Ideation
 Difficulty in managing stress
 Mood swings

31. Psychological Diseases associated with Drug abuse
 Depression
 Insomnia
 Cognitive issues: Problems with memory, decision
making, memory, concentration.
 Hallucinations

33. Social effects
 Incarcenation
 Causing harm to another person
 Unemployment
 Breakdown of relationships.
 Causing harm to yourself.
 Destructive behavior
 High risk sexual behavior

34. Economical effects

35. Withdrawal Symptoms
 Watery eyes
 Running nose
 Delirium Tremmors
 Loss of appetite
 Irritability
 Tremors
 Sweating
 Cramps
 Nausea
 Diarrhea
 Insomnia
 Raised body temperature
 Anorexia
 Flash Back

36. Prevention of drug abuse

37. Conti………

38. Conti……
 Have a positive self esteem
 Have friends who do not abuse drugs.
 Have clearly designed goals.

39. Relapse Prevention
 Take time for self- assessment and reflection.
 Recognise your triggers and warning signs.
 Plan for the worst.
 Involve others.
 Goals for a healthy lifestyles.
 Therapy and counselling services.
 Diversional activities.