The document discusses various cell structures and organelles including muscle tissue, epithelial cells, beta cells in the pancreas, and adipose tissue. It also discusses monomers and polymers that make up organic macromolecules. Specific examples discussed include lactase and amylase enzymes. Concepts around osmosis and the role of aquaporins in transporting water across membranes are summarized. Cell structures such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and vacuoles are identified in diagrams with labels. Tables summarize characteristics of the resting potential and action potential in neurons.

1. Cells ~ Biology Edgar

10. Muscle Tissue Stomach Epithelium Beta Cells – Islets of Langerhans Adipose Tissue

13. Organic Macromolecules

21. Monomers and Polymers

29. LACTASE : LCT (Single Mutation) AMYLASE : AMY Gene (multiple copies)

36. High-Fructose Corn Syrup

37. Enzyme

54. Osmosis

70. Jmol

73. Enzymes

75. Storage

76. Structural

77. Transport

78. Hormonal

79. Receptor

80. Contractile & Motor

81. Defensive

82. Enzymes

87. Make A Prediction

88. Temperature and pH?

98. LE 4-4a Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Flagellum Lycosome Centriole Not in most plant cells Peroxisome Microtubule Intermediate filament Microfilament Cytoskeleton Golgi apparatus Ribosomes Plasma membrane Mitochondrion

99. LE 4-4b Not in animal cells Golgi apparatus Nucleus Central vacuole Chloroplast Cell wall Mitochondrion Peroxisome Plasma membrane Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Microtubule Intermediate filament Microfilament Cytoskeleton

100. LE 4-5 Chromatin Nucleolus Pore Nucleus Two membranes of nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes

101. LE 4-7 Smooth ER Rough ER Nuclear envelope Ribosomes Smooth ER Rough ER TEM 45,000 

102. LE 4-10a-1 Plasma membrane Rough ER Lysosomes Transport vesicle (containing inactive hydrolytic enzymes) Golgi apparatus

103. LE 4-10a-2 Plasma membrane Rough ER Lysosomes Transport vesicle (containing inactive hydrolytic enzymes) Golgi apparatus Engulfment of particle “ Food” Food vacuole Digestion

104. LE 4-10a-3 Plasma membrane Rough ER Lysosomes Transport vesicle (containing inactive hydrolytic enzymes) Golgi apparatus Engulfment of particle “ Food” Food vacuole Digestion Lysosome engulfing damaged organelle

105. LE 4-10b Lysosome Nucleus TEM 8,500 

106. LE 4-10c Lysosome containing two damaged organelles TEM 42,500  Mitochondrion fragment Peroxisome fragment

107. LE 4-13 Transport vesicle from ER to Golgi Rough ER Nucleus Smooth ER Nuclear envelope Golgi apparatus Lysosome Vacuole Plasma membrane Transport vesicle from Golgi to plasma membrane

108. LE 4-12 LM 650  Central vacuole Nucleus Contractile vacuoles Nucleus Chloroplast Colorized TEM 8,700 

109. LE 4-14 Chloroplast Stroma Inner and outer membranes Granum Intermembrane space TEM 9,750 

110. LE 4-15 Mitochondrion Intermembrane space Outer membrane Inner membrane Cristae Matrix TEM 44,880 

111. Figure 4.17a

112. Figure 4.17b

113. LE 4-18a Vacuole Walls of two adjacent plant cells Plasmodesmata Layers of one plant cell wall Cytoplasm Plasma membrane

115. Table 4.19

116. Table 4.19

117. Table 4.19

118. Resting Potential

122. Action Potential

125. Synapse