Biology 4
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An ecosystem is shaped by biotic factors like organisms and abiotic factors like climate. Habitats provide the area where organisms live and are defined by biotic and abiotic conditions. Niches describe how organisms use available resources and conditions. Ecological interactions like competition, predation, and symbiosis also influence ecosystems. Ecological succession is the process of communities changing over time after a disturbance.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains biotic factors like other living things, and abiotic factors like climate and soil. Organisms have niches defined by how they interact with biotic and abiotic factors. Ecosystems involve complex food webs of producers, consumers, and decomposers that transfer energy and cycle nutrients. Species also engage in relationships like predation, competition, and mutualism.
Ecology Rev.ppt
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains abiotic (non-living) factors like climate and biotic (living) factors like other organisms. Organisms have niches in ecosystems based on their roles as producers, consumers, or decomposers in food webs and energy pyramids. Species interact through relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis. Energy and matter cycle through ecosystems, getting lost at each trophic level according to the 10% law.
Ecology Rev.ppt
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains abiotic (non-living) factors like climate and biotic (living) factors like other organisms. Organisms have niches within ecosystems based on their roles as producers, consumers, or decomposers. Energy and matter transfer between trophic levels according to food chains and webs, following the 10% law where only 10% of energy is transferred between levels. Relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis influence populations and communities within ecosystems.
Ecology-Rev.ppt
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains abiotic factors like climate and biotic factors like other living things. Organisms have niches defined by their habitats and roles in food webs. Food webs show how energy passes between trophic levels from producers to various consumer levels, and how pollutants can biomagnify up the food chain. Species also interact through predation, competition, symbiosis and coevolution.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. It describes abiotic factors as non-living elements like climate and biotic factors as living organisms. The document outlines different levels of ecological organization from organisms to populations, communities, and ecosystems. It also explains important ecological concepts like producers, consumers, trophic levels, food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids. Specific examples are given to illustrate biological magnification and coevolution.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between living organisms and their environment. The environment contains abiotic factors like climate and biotic factors like other living things. Organisms are organized into a hierarchy of levels including species, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Producers, consumers, and decomposers have different roles in ecosystems. Energy flows through trophic levels from producers to consumers to decomposers, with only about 10% transferred between levels. Food chains and webs show feeding relationships. Relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis influence organisms.
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In ecology species associate in various ways, thereby occurring benefits, like the production of allelochemicals. populations of different species live in the same ecological niche.
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Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. An ecosystem is composed of all the living and nonliving things in an area and how they interact. Ecosystems exist within larger biomes defined by climate and soil conditions. Within an ecosystem, populations of organisms interact as communities and compete for limited resources, which controls their sizes. The ecosystem and its abiotic and biotic factors together form the basic functional unit of ecology.
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The document provides science objectives for 4th grade students related to ecology and interdependence between plants and animals. The objectives include: [1] Describing the interdependence of plants and animals through behaviors, body structures, and life cycles; [2] Tracing the flow of energy through food chains; and [3] Identifying characteristics of organisms. The objectives aim to teach students how plants and animals rely on each other to survive through relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis.
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Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. It can be studied at different levels from organisms to ecosystems to the biosphere. Abiotic factors like climate and biotic factors like predator-prey relationships influence the distribution of organisms. Nutritional interactions involve the transfer of nutrients between autotrophs like plants and heterotrophs like animals. Food chains show the linear transfer of energy between producers, consumers, and decomposers in a food web. Population growth is influenced by limiting factors and carrying capacity, while succession over time changes community composition and structure. Biogeochemical cycles like carbon and nitrogen cycles recycle essential elements.
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This document defines ecological relationships and describes the major types of relationships between organisms within an ecosystem. It explains that ecological relationships ensure the survival of organisms as they depend on each other for food and resources. The major relationships discussed are competition, predation, herbivory, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. The document emphasizes that ecological relationships are important for maintaining a stable environment where species can thrive.
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This document contains questions and answers about ecological concepts. It defines key terms like biotic community, abiotic factors, species, population, ecosystem, ecotone, biome, biosphere, trophic levels, producers, consumers, detritus feeders, decomposers, food chains, food webs, biomass pyramid, mutualism, symbiosis, competition, limiting factors, climates, biomes, microclimates, and discusses the significance of the Neolithic, Industrial, and Environmental revolutions.
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- 1. What shapes an Ecosystem? 4.2
- 2. Biotic Factor Biological influence on organisms within an ecosystem.
- 3. Abiotic Factor Physical, or nonliving, factor that shapes an ecosystem.
- 4. Habitat The area where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it.
- 5. Niche Full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions.
- 6. Resource Any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or shape.
- 7. Competitive exclusion principle Ecological rule that states that no two species can occupy the same exact niche in the same habitat at the same time.
- 8. Predation Interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism.
- 9. Symbiosis Relationship in which two species live closely together.
- 10. Mutualism Symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship.
- 11. Commensalism Symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
- 12. Parasitism Symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism and consequently harms it.
- 13. Ecological Succession Gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance.
- 14. Primary Succession Successionthat occurs on surfaces where no soil exists.
- 15. Pioneer Species First species to populate an area during primary succession.
- 16. Secondary Succession Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil.
- 17. Key Concept How do biotic and abiotic factors influence an ecosystem? Together, biotic and abiotic factors determine the survival and growth of an organism and the productivity of the ecosystem in which the organism lives.
- 18. Key Concept What interactions occur within communities? Community interactions, such as competition, predation, and various forms of symbiosis, can powerfully affect an ecosystem.
- 19. Key Concept What is ecological succession? Gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance.