Important ecosystem terminology
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The document defines key terminology used in ecosystems, including food chains, food webs, adaptations, abiotic and biotic factors, habitats, and types of symbiosis. It explains that food chains describe a feeding relationship between organisms, while food webs illustrate more complex feeding networks. Adaptations help organisms survive in their environments. Abiotic factors are non-living like climate, while biotic factors are living like plants and animals. Habitats include where organisms live including surrounding factors. Symbiosis describes close relationships between species that can be mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic.
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- Ecosystems are made up of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that interact in complex ways. Nutrients cycle through ecosystems via producers, consumers, and decomposers.
- Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and biomass between trophic levels in an ecosystem, with higher levels containing fewer and smaller organisms due to energy losses between levels.
- Symbiotic relationships between species include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, with examples like cleaner fish and anemone crabs demonstrating mutualism.
Chapter2
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including:
- Ecosystems are made up of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that interact in complex ways. Nutrients cycle through ecosystems via producers, consumers, and decomposers.
- Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and biomass between trophic levels in an ecosystem, with higher levels containing fewer and smaller organisms due to energy losses between levels.
- Symbiotic relationships between species include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, with examples like cleaner fish and their client fish demonstrating mutualism.
Ecology lecture 1-2 (1-2-2023).pptx
This 3-credit course on fundamentals of ecology covers key topics including definitions of ecology, historical background, classifications of ecology based on nature of study and type of environment, levels of ecological organization, feeding interactions like energy flow and trophic levels, and ecological interactions between organisms such as competition, niche, predation, and symbiosis. The course is taught in the 4th semester of the BS in Environmental Science program at NFC Institute of Engineering & Technology in Multan, Pakistan.
Unit 2 ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community of organisms and their physical environment that interact. It includes biotic factors like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as abiotic factors such as climate, soil, and water. Energy flows through the ecosystem in food chains and webs while matter is recycled through biotic and abiotic interactions. Ecological succession over time leads to the development of climax communities as the environment changes.
The biosphere
The biosphere consists of all life on Earth and the areas where life exists, including land, water, and air. Ecology studies the interactions between organisms and their environment. Organisms obtain energy primarily from sunlight through photosynthesis in plants or chemosynthesis in deep sea ecosystems. This energy is then transferred as organisms eat each other in a food chain or more complex food web. Ecological pyramids illustrate how energy and matter decrease at each trophic level.
ecology and enviroment
The document discusses key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. It notes that ecology is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and earth science. It also describes several core ecological concepts - ecosystems are composed of interacting living and non-living parts; species have various relationships including competition and cooperation; nutrients cycle through biotic and abiotic components.
Apoyo biologia
- Living things are organized into hierarchical levels from cells to organisms. Cells are the basic unit of life and all living things are composed of cells.
- Organisms need to acquire energy and materials, respond to their environment, and reproduce in order to survive. They also have the ability to adapt.
- Taxonomy classifies organisms from general to specific levels of domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Homeostasis maintains internal equilibrium in organisms.
- Cell theory states that cells are the basic unit of life, all living things are composed of cells, and cells arise from pre-existing cells. Evolution occurs through natural selection where organisms better adapted to the environment have more
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Important ecosystem terminology
- 2. Food Chain A series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food.
- 3. Food Web Food Web: The complex feeding network occurring within and between food chains in an ecosystem, whereby members of one food chain may belong to one or more other food chains.
- 4. Adaptation An adaptation is a way an animal's body helps it survive, or live, in its environment. A good example is the polar bear. Its white fur provides the warmth to help it survive in its frozen environment.
- 5. Abiotic Abiotic: Physical, or nonliving, factors that shape an ecosystem. Examples include rocks, climate, pressure, soils, precipitation, sunlight, winds and humidity. These abiotic have a direct influence on living things.
- 6. Biotic Biotic: Living factors such as plants, animals, fungi, protist and bacteria. Biotic factors depend on abiotic factors to survive.
- 7. Habitat Habitat: the area where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it.
- 8. Symbiosis Symbiosis: Relationship in which two species live closely together, usually benefiting from each other.
- 9. There are three types of symbiosis: • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism
- 10. Symbiosis Commensalism is symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the other is not harmed or helped Mutualism is symbiosis in which both organisms benefit
- 11. Parasitism Parasitism is where one species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host.
- 12. Give a quiz to assess students’ understanding of ecosystem terminologies.