Ecology Lec 07 2016
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This document defines key concepts in ecosystem ecology. It explains that an ecosystem is composed of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that interact as an integrated system. The main components of an ecosystem are the flow of energy from the sun through producers, the cycling of materials between organisms and their environment, and the interactions between organisms, including producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers in the food web.
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Biotic components are living things like plants, animals, and humans that shape ecosystems. They need energy and food - plants produce food through photosynthesis, animals and humans consume other organisms or their byproducts, and decomposers like bacteria and fungi break down dead matter. Abiotic components are non-living environmental factors such as sunlight, soil, water, and air that affect ecosystems. Both biotic and abiotic factors work interdependently to provide a functioning environment for organisms in an ecosystem.
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Producers, such as plants and some bacteria, are autotrophs that can manufacture their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Consumers, including herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores obtain energy by eating other organisms or their byproducts. Decomposers break down dead and waste materials into simpler molecules and cycle nutrients in the ecosystem. Energy and matter transfer through ecosystems in food chains and interconnected food webs, with producers at the base providing energy and consumers at higher trophic levels.
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Producers, such as plants and some bacteria, are autotrophs that can manufacture their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Consumers, including herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores obtain energy by eating other organisms or their byproducts. Decomposers break down dead and waste materials into simpler molecules and cycle nutrients in the ecosystem. Energy and matter transfer through ecosystems in food chains and interconnected food webs, with producers at the base providing energy and consumers at higher trophic levels.
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- Ecology examines how organisms interact with each other and their physical surroundings.
- Energy from the sun is transferred through food chains and webs, decreasing at each trophic level. Nutrients also cycle through ecosystems via decomposition.
- Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of numbers, biomass, and energy between trophic levels, with higher levels generally containing fewer and less biomass/energy.
Ecology and Ecosystem
This document provides an overview of ecology and ecosystems. It defines ecology as the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment. The key components of ecosystems discussed include producers, consumers, decomposers, trophic levels, food chains, food webs, and biogeochemical cycles. Specific cycles explained in detail are the water, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles which describe how these essential elements move between living and nonliving parts of the environment.
ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE AND STUDY OF BIODIVERSITY
The document defines key terms in ecology such as ecosystem, biome, producers, consumers, and decomposers. It explains that an ecosystem is a community of interacting organisms and their environment. Energy from the sun enters ecosystems during photosynthesis and is transferred between trophic levels as organisms consume each other. Nutrients cycle between biotic and abiotic components through decomposition. Producers, consumers, and decomposers all play important roles in the flow of energy and cycling of nutrients within ecosystems.
ECOLOGY
Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment. Key points from the document include:
- Ecology provides the scientific foundations for fields like agriculture and helps predict environmental impacts.
- Ecosystems consist of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact. Energy from the sun flows through food chains/webs between organisms, while nutrients are recycled through biochemical cycles.
- Pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy are used to quantify energy and nutrient transfer between trophic levels in an ecosystem. The pyramids typically decrease at higher trophic levels due to inefficiencies in energy transfer between levels.
20MNT31 & Environmental Science - Ecosystem (2023-24-II-AIDS-B).ppt
Ecosystems:
Concept and components of an ecosystem -structural and functional features – Functional attributes (Food chain and Food web only).
Biodiversity:
Introduction – Classification – Bio-geographical classification of India- Value of biodiversity – Threats and Conservation of biodiversity - case studies.
Structural Components of an Ecosystem (Biotic)
The biotic elements that comprise an ecosystem fall into one of several trophic levels. The trophic level of an organism is its position in a food chain, the sequence of consumption and energy transfer through the environment.
Forest and Aquatic Ecosystem.pdf
An ecosystem is defined as a natural functional unit comprising living organisms and their non-living environment interacting to form a stable system. The key components of an ecosystem are biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors. Energy from the sun is captured by producers like plants through photosynthesis and transferred through consumers and decomposers in a food chain or food web. Nutrients and matter cycle between biotic and abiotic components. Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and matter between trophic levels, with fewer organisms and more biomass at higher levels due to energy losses between levels.
ASSIGNMENT
The document discusses the components of an ecosystem. It defines an ecosystem as a biological community that occurs in some locale, along with the physical and chemical factors that make up its non-living environment. The key components of an ecosystem discussed are: 1) abiotic substances like carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients that organisms interact with, 2) producers like plants that capture energy, 3) consumers like herbivores and carnivores that eat other organisms, and 4) decomposers like fungi and bacteria that break down dead matter and waste. Together, the interaction of these living and non-living components drive ecosystem processes like nutrient cycling and energy flow.
module 2 environmental studies /Ecosystem
Ecosystem
Kerala university BBA module 2 environmental studies.
ASSIGNMENT
The document discusses the key components of an ecosystem. It defines an ecosystem as a biological community that occurs in some locale, along with the physical and chemical factors that make up its non-living environment. The four main components of an ecosystem are identified as: 1) abiotic substances like carbon dioxide and water; 2) producers like plants that capture energy; 3) consumers like herbivores and carnivores that eat other organisms; and 4) decomposers like fungi and bacteria that break down dead matter and waste. An ecosystem is described as a network of interactions between living organisms and their environment, with energy and nutrients cycling between the different components.
Ecology
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between living organisms and their environment. The environment contains abiotic factors like climate and biotic factors like other living things. Organisms are organized into a hierarchy of levels including species, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Producers, consumers, and decomposers have different roles in ecosystems. Energy flows through trophic levels from producers to consumers to decomposers, with only about 10% transferred between levels. Food chains and webs show feeding relationships. Relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis influence organisms.
Ecosystem and its components
1. An ecosystem is defined as a community of living organisms (biotic factors) interacting with each other and their non-living (abiotic) environment.
2. The key components of an ecosystem include biotic factors like producers, consumers, decomposers and abiotic factors like air, water, soil, and sunlight.
3. Ecosystems function through energy flow, nutrient cycling, and interactions between organisms like predation and symbiosis. Ecosystem processes like photosynthesis and respiration are important for energy and nutrient exchange.
01 applied crop ecology copy
This document discusses applied crop ecology and ecosystems. It defines ecology and describes types of ecology like plant and animal ecology. It then discusses the history of ecology from Aristotle to Von Humboldt and their studies of plants and environments. The document outlines components of ecosystems like producers, consumers, and decomposers. It provides examples of ecosystems like ponds and grasslands. It also defines key terms like primary and secondary productivity and adaptations.
Concept of ecosystem
This document provides an overview of ecosystems, including:
1. The definition of an ecosystem as the structural and functional unit of ecology encompassing the interaction between biotic and abiotic components.
2. The key characteristics, structure, and functions of ecosystems, such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and trophic levels.
3. Details on primary productivity, decomposition, and the flow of energy through food chains and webs within ecosystems.
The document is intended for educational purposes and provides information compiled from various sources on the basic concepts of ecosystems.
Ecology_Chapt_5[1].pptx
This document discusses ecosystem classification and structure. It defines ecosystems as consisting of biotic and abiotic components that interact. Ecosystems are classified into terrestrial and aquatic types. Terrestrial ecosystems include forests, grasslands, tundras and deserts, while aquatic ecosystems include freshwater and marine. The structure of ecosystems includes producers, consumers and decomposers. Energy enters ecosystems through photosynthesis and flows through trophic levels as organisms consume each other.
The concept of ecosystem
The document provides an overview of the key concepts regarding ecosystems, including:
1. An ecosystem consists of both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact as a functional unit. The biotic components include producers, consumers, and decomposers, while the abiotic components include factors like sunlight, temperature, water, and soil chemistry.
2. Energy enters ecosystems via photosynthesis and is transferred between trophic levels, though efficiency decreases at each level. Materials cycle between biotic and abiotic components through processes like respiration and decomposition.
3. Ecosystems can be classified and mapped based on dominant vegetation and climate. Climate patterns influence global biome distributions like tropical rainfore
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Ecology Lec 07 2016
- 2. ECOLOGY: the study of the interactions of living things with each other and their physical environment
- 3. ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY The study of the movement of energy and materials, including water, chemicals, nutrients, and pollutants, into, out of, and within ecosystems. The study of the interactions among organisms and their environment as an integrated systems.
- 4. ECOSYSTEM An ecosystem is the unit composed of all the living things (biotic) in a single place at a given time, in addition to, the important non-living components (abiotic) of the system.
- 5. An ecosystem is self-sustaining if the following requirements are met: 1. A constant source of energy and a living system capable of incorporating this energy into organic molecules. 2. A cycling of materials between organisms and their environment.
- 7. ABIOTIC FACTORS: those physical and chemical factors which affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce
- 8. SOME ABIOTIC FACTORS: 1. intensity of light 2. range of temperatures 3. amount of moisture 4. type of substratum (soil or rock type) 5. availability of inorganic substances such as minerals 6. supply of gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen 7. pH
- 9. BIOTIC FACTORS: all the living things that directly or indirectly affect the environment ** Thus, the organisms, their presence, parts, interaction, and wastes are all biotic factors.
- 10. ENERGY The sun is the ultimate energy source for almost every ecosystem on earth. Energy enters ecosystems via photosynthesis Organisms that bring energy into an ecosystem are called producers.
- 11. NUTRITIONAL RELATIONSHIPS: A. Autotrophs: can synthesize their own food from inorganic compounds and a usable energy source B. Heterotrophs: can NOT synthesize their own food and are dependent on other organisms for their food
- 12. FOOD WEB INTERACTIONS: 1. Producers: (plants) -- the energy of the community is derived from the organic compounds in plants
- 13. 2. Primary Consumer - feeds on plants (mice, grasshoppers, and rabbits in the web above)
- 14. 3. Secondary Consumer: (always a carnivore) -- feeds upon other consumers (frogs, sparrows, snakes, and foxes above)
- 15. 4. Decomposers: break down organic wastes and dead organisms to simpler substances (ex. bacteria) ** Through decomposition, chemical substances are returned to the environment where they can be used by other living organisms.
- 18. THANK YOU