learn more about ecosystem

1. ECOSYSTEM
ECOLOGY

2. What is
Ecosystem?
A geographic area where plants, animals, and other
organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work
together to form a bubble of life.
Ecosystems contain biotic or living parts, as well as
abiotic factors, or nonliving parts.

3. BIOTIC and ABIOTIC
Components

4. BIOTIC COMPONENTS
• The term “biotic” is formed by the combination of two terms,
“bio” meaning life and “ic” meaning like.
• The term means life-like and is related to all the living entities
present in an ecosystem.

5. ABIOTIC COMPONENTS
• Abiotic factors refer to all the non-living, i.e. chemical and physical
factors present in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
• Sunlight, air, precipitation, minerals, weather, temperature and soil
are some examples of abiotic factors.

6. Do the living components
interact with the nonliving
components?

7. Types of
Biotic Interaction

8. MUTUALISM
An Interaction between two
different organisms wherein both
species get benefit from each
other.

9. COMMENSALISM
An Interaction between two
different organisms wherein the
Commensal benefits from other
other organism which is the host
without causing any harm to it.

10. PARASITISM
Parasitism is defined as the
relationship between different
species in which one organism
(Parasite) lives on or in the other
the other organism (Host) and
benefits from it by causing some
harm

11. AMENSALISM
Amensalism is a type of biological
interaction where one species
causes harm to another organism
without any cost or benefits to
itself.

12. AMENSALISM
Two modes of amensalism:
Competition: A larger, physically stronger organism
stronger organism deprives a smaller, weaker
organism of food or space.
Antibiosis: An organism is either damaged or killed
damaged or killed by a chemical secretion of another
organism.

13. PREDATION
Predation is the interaction between
prey and a predator, where the energy
flows from one organism to the other.
The predator is the organism that feeds
on other organisms called prey.

14. TYPES OF PREDATORS
Carnivores
Carnivorous predators kill and eat their prey
Herbivores
These include animals such as cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep,
consume plants and plant products.
Parasites
These predators live in the body of the host and derive
survival and reproduction, the host suffers a loss of energy but

15. COMPETITION
An interaction between organisms that strive for
the same resources in the same place. The
resources might be food, water, or space.

16. TYPES OF COMPETITION
Intraspecific Competition
• It occurs between members of the same species.
For example, two male birds of the same species might
same area.
• This type of competition is a basic factor in natural
• It leads to the evolution of better adaptations within a

17. TYPES OF COMPETITION
Interspecific Competition
• It occurs between members of different species.
For example, predators of different species might compete for the
• Interspecific competition often leads to extinction.
• The species that is less well adapted may get fewer of the
species need. As a result, members of that species are less
species may go extinct.

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