An ecosystem is a specific place where living and non-living things interact. It has biotic factors like organisms and abiotic factors like air, water, and soil. Mutualism benefits both organisms, while commensalism benefits one organism without affecting the other. Parasitism harms one organism and benefits the other, as ectoparasites live outside and endoparasites live inside the host. Competition occurs when multiple organisms utilize the same limited resources, and predation benefits the predator through consuming its prey.

2. Ecosystem
• A specific place where living things interact
with non-living things.

3. COMPONENTS OF AN ECOSYSTEM
• BIOTIC FACTORS (living)
• ABIOTIC FACTORS (non-living)

5. MUTUALISM
• A give and take relationship wherein both
living organisms are benefitted.

6. COMMENSALISM
• Only one of the organism is benefitted, while
the other is neither benefitted nor harmed.
• Commensal-the one that gets benefit.
• Host- the one that is neither benefitted nor
harmed.

7. PARASITISM
• One organism is harmed while the other is
benefitted.
• Ectoparasites – parasites that live outside the
body of the host
• Endoparasites – parasites that live inside the
body of the host

8. COMPETITION
• Utilization of the same limited resources by
two or more organisms

9. PREDATION
• One of the participating organism is
benefitted while the other dies
• Predator – animal that eats
• Prey – the one eaten