Environmental toxicity including Ayurveda relevance and importances

1. What is Our Current
Toxic Burden?
Are you toxic?
LIVING INTHETOXICWORLD

2. ENVIRONMENTAL
TOXICITY
By,
Dr. PREROK REGMI
FirstYear P.G SCHOLAR,
DEPT. OF AGADATANTRA
UNDERTHE GUIDANCE OF
Dr. SUDHEENDRAV. HONWAD
PROFESSOR & HOD - DEPT. OF AGADATANTRA
SDMCA, UDUPI
2

3. Environmental Toxicology

4. “Environment”
Environment :
• “surroundings in which an organization
operates, including air, water, land,
natural resources, flora, fauna, humans
and their interrelation.
NOTE: Surroundings in this context
extend from within an organization to the
global system.”
Ecosystem
•“An ecosystem is a dynamic complex of plant, animal, and
microorganism communities and the nonliving environment
interacting as a functional unit.”

5. NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT
MAN-MADE
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
Broad generalizations in toxicology
“Environmental exposures never go
away - they reappear in other setting”

6. Toxicology
6
Focus Area: EnvironmentalToxicology [ecosystem affects]

7. TOXICITY
• Toxicity refers to the potential for a substance to produce an
adverse or harmful effect on a living organism.
• A toxicant is an agent (e.g., whole effluent discharge) that can
produce an adverse effect in a biological system, seriously
damaging its structure or function or causing death.

8. What are toxins?
• Metals, therapeutic drugs, industrial chemicals, pollutants, pesticides,
fuels, herbicides and abused drugs (exogenous)
• Bacterial toxins, parasitic products, bile, hormones (endogenous)
• Substances that accumulate in the body producing toxicity, even
accumulated nutrients and drugs could be toxic (Toxicity depends on
dose)
• Toxins cause several disorders and are also predisposing factors or
component causes of most of the diseases.
• Environmental toxins are cancer-causing chemicals and endocrine
disruptors, both human-made and naturally occurring, that can harm
our health by disrupting sensitive biological systems.
“toxico- “ is a root of a word meaning poison or toxin.

9. Environmental toxicity or Ecotox is a multidisciplinary field of science
concerned with the study of harmful effects of various chemical,
biological and physical agents on living organisms.
There are many sources of environmental toxicity that can lead to the
presence of toxicants in our food, water and air.
Environmental toxicity

10. • Pollution may be defined as addition of
undesirable material into the environment as
a result of human activities.
• A pollutant may be defined as physical,
chemical or biological substance,
unintentionally released into the
environment which is directly or indirectly
harmful to human and other living
organisms.
POLLUTANTS ARE PRIME SOURCES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
TOXICITY

11. Toxicology and Ecotoxicology are similar but not
identical
Toxicology Ecotoxicology
Absorption Release into the
environment
Distribution Fate and
Disposition
Metabolism Metabolism
Elimination No counterpart!
Toxicology
• Host defense
mechanisms
• Individual
susceptibility
states
• Single effects
• Cumulative
exposure
Ecotoxicology
• Bioaccumulation
• Bioconcentration (in
water)
• Biomagnification
• Never single effects
• Movement between
media (air,
water,etc.)

12. Ecotoxicology
• Fate and disposition
Release into medium
Pathways of migration, accumulation
Biomodification
Degradation or precipitation
Ecosystem health
change in population structure
health of individual species
damage to ecosystem

13. TYPES OF POLLUTION
Air pollution
Water pollution
Soil pollution
Radiation pollution

14. Air pollution
THE MAJOR ISSUES
• air toxics
• stratospheric
ozone layer
depletion,
• enhanced
greenhouse effect
• Occupational-
indoor air quality
HEALTH ISSUES ASSOCIATED
• Mortality, associated with ozone
• Morbidity
aggravating lung disease, cardiovascular
disease
eye irritation
increased risk of URI
increased frequency of asthma and allergic
problems attacks
AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ISSUE:
• visibility
• loss of natural beauty

15. WATER POLLUTION
Pollution of water bodies by mercury
causes MINAMATA disease in human
and DROPSY in fishes. Lead causes
DISPLEXIA, cadmium causes ITAI-ITAI
disease etc.
Oil pollution of sea kills marine birds
and adversely affects other marine life
and beaches.
Pollution due to pesticides and
inorganic chemicals may enter in the
food chain.
METHODS OF CONTROLLING
WATER POLLUTION
Proper treatment of Sewage water
by sedimentation, coagulation,
filtration, disinfection, softening and
aeration
Water recycling after treatment
should be practiced to the maximum
extent possible
The quantity of waste water
discharge should be minimized

16. SOIL POLLUTION
Addition of the substances which
adversely affects the pollution of soil
and its fertility is called soil pollution.
Plastics, cloth, glass, metals and
organic matter, sewage, building
debris etc. causes soil pollution.
Sources of soil pollution are
pesticides use (agricultural sources)
industrial sources etc.
LANDPOLLUTION
CONTROL
• Indiscriminate disposal of solid waste should be
avoided.
• Stop the use of plastic bags..
• Organic matter segregatation and composted.
• Industrial waste should be properly treated to
remove hazardous materials.
• Biomedical waste incineration.

17. Environmental Pollution and Disease
•Pollutants to their
effects on people-
Often difficult, to
link.
• Persistence
• Bioaccumulation
• Biomagnification

18. How do we judge the risk of this incident?
•Exposure assessment
• pathway
• magnitude
• duration
•Characterize the population exposed
•Risk assessment
• formal/informal risk assessment
• identify subpopulations at risk

19. Process of Risk Assessment

20. Health Impact Assessment [HIA]
• HIA: a method for describing and estimating the effects that a proposed that
may have on the health of a population.
WHO Framework for Human Health Assessment

21. Environmental Impact Assessment [EIA]
• EIA is any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial,
wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s activities,
products, or services.
• An EIA seeks abatement measures for pollution before it is
produced.
• Procedures for control of pollution should be feasible and cost
effective.
21

22. Endocrine Disrupters
•Case Study: 1980 chemical spill into LakeApopka, FL
• Male alligators began to exhibit low testosterone levels and high
estrogen levels
IMPACT

23. The risk to the next generation
• First period of risk: embryo
• peak period of risk is first trimester, first ten weeks, during
organogenesis
• severe damage is likely to result in spontaneous abortion
• Second period of risk: fetal development
• some late developing organs
• neurological development
• After birth:
• lactation and exposure through breast milk
• environmental exposure
• Toddlers and young children
• accidental exposures

24. How do we manage the risk of this
incident?
• Risk characterization - what is the risk?
• Risk assessment - how big is it?
• Risk perception - how do people see the problem?
• Risk communication - talking about risk
• Risk management - doing something about it

25. • 5000 year back the practice of environmental poisoning was present
• In olden days king use to be the prime attention enemies defeated in
wars awaits a chance to kill the king due to their anger and revenge.
• Kings and his military travel far and wide in pursuit of conquering
various kingdoms and face the threat of being poisoned.
राज्ञा अररदेशे ररपवस्तॄणाम्बु मार्ाान्न
धूमश्वसनान् ववषेण ।
सन्दुष्यन्तेभिरततप्रदुष्टान ववज्ञाय
भ िंर्ैरभिशोधयेत्तान ॥
सु.क. ३/६
King before entering the enemies
kingdom should examine the-
 Grass
 Water
 Path
 Food
 Smoke
 Air
And so on, which may be poisoned by enemies.
BACKTO OUR HISTORY

26. जनपदोद्ध्विंसकर िाव
• ते तु खल्ववमे िावााः सामान्य जनपदेषु िवल्न्त ; तद्धयता –
वायुाः , उदकिं , देशाः, का इतत || (च. वव. ३/६ )
26

27. दूवषत वायु
अतिरूक्षं
असात्म्य-गन्ध-वाष्प
ससकिा-पांषु-धूमोपहिं
यथािुुववषम
………………………….
अतिस्तिसमि
अतिचल
अतिपरुष
अतिशीि
अत्मयुष्ण
िद्यथा-
यथिुुववषममतिस्तिसमिमतिचलमतिपरुषमतिशीिमत्मयुष्णमतिरूक्षमत्मयसिष्यस्न्िनमतििैर
वारावमतिप्रतिहि- परतपरगतिमतिकु ण्डसलनमसात्म्यगन्धबाष्पससकिापांशुधूमोपहिसमति
(च.वव.३/६ )
27
धूमेऽतनले ववष स्प्रयुक्िे
खगााः श्रमािाुाः प्रपिस्न्ि िूमौ
कासप्रतिश्यायसशरोरुज
िीव्रा नयनामया ||सु.क.३/१६||

28. Consequences
• भशखररभशखरा िाव मथनम ्,
• उत्पीडनिं सार्राणाम्,
• उद्धवतानिं सरसािं,
• आकम्पनिं च िूमेाः,
• प्रततसरणम आपर्ानाम्
• आधमनम अम्बुदानािं
• िूतानािं च उपसर्ााः,
28
भशखररभशखरावमथनम्, उन्मथनमनोकहानाम ्, उत्पीडनिं
सार्राणाम्, उद्धवतानिं सरसािं, प्रततसरणमापर्ानाम्, आकम्पनिं च
िूमेाः, आधमनमम्बुदानािं (च.सु.१२ /८)

29. वायु शोधन
• धूपन-
ििो गुग्गुल्वगुरुसजुरसवचागौरसषुपचूणै
लुवणतन्बपत्रववसमश्रैराज्ययुक्िैधूुपयेि् |
(सु.सु.५/१७)
• ाक्षाहररद्राततववषािया + अब्दहरेणुक ए ाद वक्रकु ष््म् +
वप्रयङ्र्ु धूमातन ौ चावप ववशोधयेत ||१७||
(सु.क.३/१७)
• होम – हवन
• देवदारुनतानन्तामधुकाजुानर्ैररकम्|
वज्रकन्दिं तािं ोध्रिं ववककरेच्छ् क्ष्णचूर्णातम्|……
अ.स.सू. ८। ४१

30. ववकृ ि जल
कारण
• कीट-मूत्र-पुरीष-अण्ड-शव
• पङ्क-शैवा -ह्-तृण
• क ुषिं
• प्रदूवषतम्
• ववषसिंयुतम् अ.स.सू ६/२१
30

31. दुष्टिं ज िं वपल्च्छि मुग्रर्ल्न्ध फे नाल्न्वतिं राल्जभिरावृतिं च |
मण्डूकमत्स्यिं भियते ववहङ्र्ा मत्ताश्च सानूपचरा भ्रमल्न्त ||७||
मज्जल्न्त ये चात्र नराश्वनार्ास्ते िर्दामोहज्वरदाहशोफान् |
ऋ(र्)च्छिल्न्त तेषामपहृत्य दोषान् दुष्टिं ज िं शोधतयतुिं यतेत ||सु.क.३/ ८||
• वपल्च्छि मुग्रर्ल्न्ध
• फे नाल्न्वतिं
• राल्जभिरावृतिं
• मण्डूकमत्स्यिं भियते
• ववहङ्र्ा मत्ताश्च
• अनूपचरा भ्रमल्न्त
• नरा अश्व नार् – िर्दामोहज्वरदाहशोफ ||सु.क.३/ ८||
Ref:
लक्षण

32. लक्षण
• अत्यथा-ववकृ त-र्न्ध-वणा-रस-स्पशं
• क् ेदबहु
• अपक्रान्तज चरववहङ्र्
• उपक्षीणज ेशय
• अप्रीततकर
• अपर्तर्ुणिं
उिकं िु खल्वत्मयथुववकृ िगन्धवणुरसतपशं
क्लेिबहुलमपक्रान्िजलचरववहङ्गमुपक्षीणजलेशयमप्रीतिकरमपगिगुणं ववद्याि्|
च.वव.३/४

33. ज शोधन
• अल्ननक्वथनिं
• सूयाातपप्रताप
• वपण्डार्दतनवाापणिं
• र्न्धापनयने उपायमाह- नार्के शराः, राजचम्पकाः, उत्प िं,
के तकीमल्व कार्द पुष्पार्ण||
डवहण on su.su.45/12

34. LAKSHANA OFVISHADUSHTA BHOOMI
• ͤÉÌiÉmÉëSåzÉÇ ÌuÉwÉSÕÌwÉiÉÇ iÉÑ
ÍzÉsÉÉiÉsÉÇ iÉÏjÉïqÉiÉåËUhÉÇuÉÉ ||
xmÉ×zÉÎliÉaÉɧÉåhÉ iÉÑrÉålÉ rÉålÉ
aÉÉåuÉÉÎeÉlÉÉaÉÉå·íZÉUÉlÉUuÉÉ ||
iÉcNÕûlÉiÉÉÇrÉÉirÉjÉÇS½iÉå cÉ
ÌuÉzÉÏrÉïiÉå UÉåqÉlÉZÉÇiÉjÉæuÉ ||
xÉÑ.Mü. 3/10
•A.Sa. Su 8/69
Mrita keeta sarisrpa
Visheerana of nakha
and kesha
Daha kandu ruja
Chardi, Murcha,
Jwara, Moha,
Shirashoola

35. दूवषत देश
• ववकृ त-र्न्ध-वणा-रस-स्पशा
• क् ेद बहु
• सरीस्रप-व्या -मशक-श ि-मक्षक्षक-मूषक-उ ूक-श्मशानशकु तन-जम्िुक-आर्द
• तृणो ूपोपवन्त, प्रतानार्द बहु
• शुष्क-नष्ट शस्यिं
• प्रतत उवकापात तनर्ाात िूसम क्पं अति ियवरूपं
• च.वव.३/६

36. Shodhana of Dooshita bhumi
• iɧÉÉmrÉlÉliÉÉÇxÉWûxÉuÉïaÉlkÉæÈ
ÌmÉwOèuÉÉxÉÑUÉÍpÉÌuÉïÌlÉrÉÉåerÉ
माaÉïqÉç||
ÍxÉgcÉåiÉçmÉrÉÉåÍpÉÈxÉÑqÉ×SÎluÉiÉæxiÉÇ
ÌuÉQûÇaÉmÉÉPûÉMüOûpÉÏeÉsÉæuÉÉ ||
xÉç.Mü.3/12
• Root of Draksha, Sheegru and soma
are to be mixed with little amount of
dadhi and it is administered to the
person or animal got influenced .
• The urine , flesh and blood of goat ,
sheep, elephant, along with Shireesha
soma twak are to be boiled well in
water and spread all over poisoned
land. (A. Sa. Su 8)

37. ववकृ ि काल
• कालं िु खलु यथािुुसलङ्गाद्ववपरीिसलङ्गमतिसलङ्गं हीनसलङ्गं
चाहहिं व्यवतयेि ् ||
• च. वव. ३/६
• यथ तुा ववपरीत भ ङ्र्
• अतत भ ङ्र्
• हीन भ ङ्र्
37

38. Treatment
• Charak explained the treatment in common for all the sources.
Dooshita Desha, Kala, Jala,Vayu- “Their ultimate treatment is
shodhana.
MüqÉïmÉÇcÉÌuÉkÉÇiÉåwÉÉÇpÉåwÉeÉÇmÉUqÉEcrÉiÉå|
UxÉÉrÉlÉÉlÉÉÇÌuÉÍkÉuÉŠEmÉrÉÉåaÉÈmÉëxÉxrÉiÉå||(cÉ.ÌuÉ.3/13-14)
• Use of rejuvenation therapy and observance of behavioural rules
plays an important role in management of diseases caused by
environmental toxicity.
• Sushruta has explained the method of purifying the sources rather the
person influenced by the environmental toxicity.
• He has mentioned different yogas for purifying each sources.

39. APPROCHESTO MINIMIZE ENV .TOXICITY

40. OECD special initiative on toxicogenomics
ToxInt
National Environment Protection Authority (NEPA) in India
Society ofToxicology, IndiaPollution control boards and departments
Mission of International Union ofToxicology (IUTOX)
Toxicological signatures
Toxic Substances Control Act [TSCA]
Molecular Mechanisms of EnvironmentalToxicity in
Human Cell Culture Model System
United States Environmental ProtectionAgency

41. Rachel Louise Carson
Agent Orange Vietnam War
Environmental toxicity, oxidative stress, human disease and the “black
box” of their synergism: How much have we revealed?
A cell array biosensor for environmental toxicity analysis
Environmental toxicity, nutrition, and gene interactions in the
development of atherosclerosis
External environment toxicity causes for DNA Damage
Modification of Environmental Toxicity by Nutrients

43. CONCLUSION
• Environmental toxicity history- with less intensity and to the
restricted area But in present situation the hazardous effects of
environmental toxicity is bothering globally
• Adapting Ayurvedic methods of purifying the natural sources will
help in preventing the harmful effect of such toxicity.Treatment
must be comprehensive and holistic to achieve the greatest chance
for complete recovery.
• Risk Assessment and Reduction of Source of env. toxicity should be
followed to preserve the sanctity of the environment for future
generations.

44. THANK YOU

45. REFERENCES
• Coppede F. Mutation Research / GeneticToxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis
Environmental toxicity , oxidative stress , human disease and the “ black box ” of their
synergism : How much have we revealed ? 2009;674:1–2.
• Hyung J, Mitchell RJ, Chan B, Cullen DC, Bock M.A cell array biosensor for environmental
toxicity analysis. 2005;21:500–7.
• Environmental toxicity, nutrition, and gene interactions in the development of
atherosclerosis. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases (2007) 17, 162e169
• Hennig B, Reiterer G, Majkova Z, Oesterling E, Meerarani P,Toborek M. Modification of
Environmental Implications in Atherosclerosis. 2005;5(2):153–60.
• MODI’S MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCEANDTOXICOLOGY (22nd Edition)
• Sushrut Samhita- JADVJITRIKAMJI Acharya, Priyavrat Sharma (Chakhamba Publication
• Charak Samhita –JADVJITRIKAMJI Acharya, RavidattaTripathi (Chakhamba Publication
• Text Book ofAgadtantra ( Rashtriya Shikhan Mandal Publication, Pune ) Editor –Dr.V.P.
Joglekar, Dr. S.G. Huparikar.
• WHO guidelines