TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
Ceia cdm workshop
1. CEIA CDM WORKSHOP
EXPERIENCE WITH CDM
“A VIEW FROM THE TRENCHES”
POLLUTECH ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
GREGORY M. BROWN, P.ENG, M.A.Sc, MBA
2. POLLUTECH ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
Leaders in the implementation of environmental
technologies nationally and internationally for
industrial and municipal applications
Incorporated in Ontario in 1969, serving our
clients for 32 years
Permanent offices in Oakville and Sarnia, Ontario,
Canada
Strategic alliances in USA, Spain, China, Egypt,
Uruguay, Chile, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua
3. POLLUTECH ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
Pollutech provides independent and objective
waste & energy management services
With Climate Change projects we facilitate the
generation and sale of greenhouse gas emission
reductions
4. CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
The Clean Development Mechanism was created
by Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol
Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol allows parties not
included in Annex 1 (developing countries) to
benefit from project activities resulting in
certified emissions reductions, and Annex 1
parties to use certified emission reductions to
contribute to compliance with their quantified
emission limitation and reduction commitments
5. CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
The specific rules governing the implementation
of the CDM are hoped to be decided (???) at the
COP 6bis meeting in June 2001
This presentation provides a summary of a
Pollutech project involving the ongoing
application of the CDM to an energy from waste
project in Nicaragua
6. COMPAŇIA LICORERA DE NICARAGUA
Established in 1890
150,000 L per day rum
distillery
Light and aged rum
products
Commercial alcohol
production
Flor de Caňa present in 19
countries around the
world
ISO 9001/9002, HACCP, &
Kosher Certification
Pursuing ISO 14000
7. WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
Characterization of
wastewater discharges
Evaluation of water
conservation initiatives
Evaluation of pollution
prevention initiatives
8. WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
Distillery operations
generate 750 GPM of high
strength wastewater
• 51,000 mg/L BOD
• 64,000 mg/L COD
• 5,500 mg/L TSS
• 208,000 kg/d BOD
• 262,000 kg/d COD
• 22,000 kg/d TSS
9. TECHNOLOGY EVALUATIONS
Pilot scale testing of ADI
anaerobic technology
conducted
• 94% BOD removal
• 82% COD removal
• 76% TSS removal
Generation of biogas
100
90
80
% Removal
70
60
50
40
30
• 65% methane
20
10
• 33 % carbon dioxide 0
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
VA/PA Ratio
11/21 12/11 12/31 01/20 02/09 03/01 03/21 04/10 04/30
Date
COD BOD TSS VA/PA
12. Distillery
Biogas
Slops Wastewater
Cooling Wastewater
Anaerobic
Treatment
To Spray Irrigation
or
Receiving Steam
13. Distillery
Biogas Boiler
Slops Wastewater
Cooling Wastewater
Anaerobic
Treatment
Steam
To Spray Irrigation
or
Receiving Steam
To Distillery
14. Distillery
Slops Wastewater
Cooling Wastewater
Anaerobic
Treatment
Steam
Turbine
Biogas Boiler
Steam
To Spray Irrigation
or
Receiving Steam
15. Distillery
Slops Wastewater
Cooling Wastewater
Anaerobic
Treatment
Boiler Electrica
Steam
Turbine
l
Energy
Biogas
Steam
To Spray Irrigation
or
Receiving Steam
To Distillery
16. Distillery
Slops Wastewater
Cooling Wastewater
Anaerobic
Treatment
To Distillery
Boiler Electrica
Steam
Turbine
l
Energy
Biogas
Steam
To Spray Irrigation
or
Receiving Steam
To Distillery
To
National
Grid
17. Distillery
Slops Wastewater
Cooling Wastewater
Anaerobic
Treatment
To Distillery
Boiler Electrica
Aerobic
Treatmen
t
Steam
Turbine
l
Energy
To
National
Grid
Biogas
Steam
To Spray Irrigation
or
Receiving Steam
18. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
International Request for Proposals
Technical and Financial Analyses of Bids
Site visits to distilleries with similar technology
Project initiation in 3rd - 4th Q 2001
19. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Current operations generate
236,000 ton CO2e/year
Energy from waste project
emissions are 44,000 ton
CO2e/year
Emission reduction equivalent to
192,000 ton CO2e/year
US$0/year at US$0/ton C
US$1,044,480/year at US$20/ton C
20. THE CDM PROCESS
To be certified, projects will require
• voluntary participation approved by each Party
involved
• real, measurable and long term benefits
related to the the mitigation of climate change
• reductions that are additional to any that
would occur in the absence of the certified
project activity
21. THE CDM PROCESS
CDM projects are required to result in emission
reductions that are “additional to any that would
have occurred in the absence of certified project
activity”
The easiest tests of additionality are the
introduction of new technologies to the market or
projects where emission credits are a critical
economic factor
All CDM projects are nation to nation bilateral
agreements requiring the consent of the
Canadian and host country governments
22. THE CDM PROCESS STEPS
Establishment of emissions baseline
Quantification of emission reductions achieved
by the project
Verification of emission reductions on an annual
basis
Host Country project recognition
Investor Country project recognition
Host Country - Investor Country Project
Agreement
Registration of project with the UNFCCC
Sale of Credits on the world market annually
24. THE WORLD BANK PROTOTYPE CARBON FUND
Project has been preselected by the PCF
$US3.0 million to purchase GHG credits
Project Identification Notice (PIN)
Nicaragua “No Objection”
Project Concept Note (PCN)
Nicaragua “Letter of Endorsement”
Project Appraisal Document (PAD)
Monitoring and Verification Protocol (MVP)
Emissions Reductions Purchase Agreement (ERPA)
25. THE CDM PARTICIPANTS
Canadian Commercial Corporation (CCC)
Export Development Agency (EDC)
Financing Agencies
• International Finance Corporation (IFC)
• Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC)
• Central American Bank for Economic
Integration (CABEI)
UNFCCC
27. CDM PROJECT ATTRIBUTES
CDM can enhance the value
and cash flow of international
development projects
CDM can result in complex
implementation models
Complexity can increase
transaction costs
Uncertainty - Need definitive
rules for CDM projects
Risk - Sale of Emission
Reduction Credits