Bioleaching
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Microbial leaching is the process by which metals are dissolved from are bearing rocks using microorganism.
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Bioleaching
This document provides an overview of bioleaching and discusses its applications in extracting various metals. Bioleaching employs bacteria to convert insoluble metal sulfides into water-soluble metal sulfates. The key microorganisms involved are mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria that oxidize ferrous iron and sulfur. The bioleaching process involves providing bacteria with metal ores or concentrates, oxygen, nutrients, and maintaining optimal temperature and pH. Factors like mineral composition, surface area, and leaching method affect bioleaching. It allows extraction of metals from low-grade ores and has advantages of being cheaper and more environmentally friendly compared to conventional methods. Gold, uranium, and copper are some metals extracted via bio
Bioleaching
Bioleaching, also known as biomining or microbial leaching, is the process of extracting metals like copper, gold, and uranium from ores using microorganisms. Important microorganisms used in bioleaching include Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Bioleaching involves either direct contact between bacteria and mineral surfaces, or indirect leaching where bacteria generate chemical oxidants. Major industrial processes for bioleaching include heap, dump, and in situ leaching. Bioleaching provides an environmentally friendly alternative for extracting metals from low-grade ores.
Bioleaching
This document discusses bioleaching, which uses microorganisms to dissolve metals from ores. The most common microorganisms used are Thiobacillus thiooxidants and Thiobacillus ferrooxidants. Bioleaching can occur directly via microbial contact with ores or indirectly by microbes producing leaching agents. Common applications include copper, uranium, gold and silver, and silica leaching. Bioleaching is used commercially in slope, heap, and in situ leaching with ores placed in piles or left in the ground and irrigated with microbes.
Bioleaching its technique and applications
Bioleaching uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to extract metals from ores and concentrates. It is a simple and environmentally friendly process that has been used for over 3000 years to extract copper. Common microbes used are mesophilic and moderately thermophilic bacteria. Bioleaching involves both direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct bioleaching involves enzymatic attack of bacteria on susceptible minerals while indirect uses bacteria to produce strong oxidizing agents. Commercial bioleaching uses heap and in-situ leaching with controls on pH, temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide to optimize the slow natural process. It is used to extract copper, gold, silver, uranium and other metals.
bio leaching
Bioleaching is a process that uses microorganisms to extract metals from ores and concentrates. It involves bacteria oxidizing sulfide minerals to dissolve metals like copper, gold, and zinc. Common microbes used include mesophilic and moderately thermophilic bacteria. Bioleaching was first observed extracting copper in ancient times and its role in leaching was identified in the 1940s. It is now used commercially in heap, slope, and in-situ leaching to produce metals from low-grade ores.
Biodegradation of hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon are major constituents of crude oil and petroleum. They can be biodegraded by naturally-occurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The ability of microorganisms - bacteria, archaea, fungi, or algae - to break down hydrocarbons is the basis for natural and enhanced bioremediation. To promote biodegradation, amendments such as nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer are often added to stimulate microbial growth and metabolism
Bioleaching of iron, copper, gold. uranium
This document summarizes the process of bioleaching, which uses microorganisms to extract metals like copper, gold, iron, and uranium from ores. It discusses how different bacteria are used to oxidize the metal sulfides in ores, making the metals soluble and able to be extracted. The main methods used are heap leaching and in-situ leaching. Bioleaching has advantages of being low-cost and able to process low-grade ores, but is also time-consuming. Specific examples of how bacteria aid in leaching copper, iron, gold, and uranium are also provided.
Bioleaching
Bioleaching is a process that uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to extract metals from ores. It involves microbes transforming metal compounds into soluble forms that can then be recovered. Some key microbes used are Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans, which produce acids that dissolve metals. Bioleaching is commercially done through methods like slope leaching, heap leaching, and in situ leaching. It provides a cost-effective way to extract low-grade ores and is more environmentally friendly than smelting. However, it is a slower process and requires careful control of temperature, pH, and other environmental factors.
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Bioleaching
This document provides an overview of bioleaching and discusses its applications in extracting various metals. Bioleaching employs bacteria to convert insoluble metal sulfides into water-soluble metal sulfates. The key microorganisms involved are mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria that oxidize ferrous iron and sulfur. The bioleaching process involves providing bacteria with metal ores or concentrates, oxygen, nutrients, and maintaining optimal temperature and pH. Factors like mineral composition, surface area, and leaching method affect bioleaching. It allows extraction of metals from low-grade ores and has advantages of being cheaper and more environmentally friendly compared to conventional methods. Gold, uranium, and copper are some metals extracted via bio
Bioleaching
Bioleaching, also known as biomining or microbial leaching, is the process of extracting metals like copper, gold, and uranium from ores using microorganisms. Important microorganisms used in bioleaching include Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Bioleaching involves either direct contact between bacteria and mineral surfaces, or indirect leaching where bacteria generate chemical oxidants. Major industrial processes for bioleaching include heap, dump, and in situ leaching. Bioleaching provides an environmentally friendly alternative for extracting metals from low-grade ores.
Bioleaching
This document discusses bioleaching, which uses microorganisms to dissolve metals from ores. The most common microorganisms used are Thiobacillus thiooxidants and Thiobacillus ferrooxidants. Bioleaching can occur directly via microbial contact with ores or indirectly by microbes producing leaching agents. Common applications include copper, uranium, gold and silver, and silica leaching. Bioleaching is used commercially in slope, heap, and in situ leaching with ores placed in piles or left in the ground and irrigated with microbes.
Bioleaching its technique and applications
Bioleaching uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to extract metals from ores and concentrates. It is a simple and environmentally friendly process that has been used for over 3000 years to extract copper. Common microbes used are mesophilic and moderately thermophilic bacteria. Bioleaching involves both direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct bioleaching involves enzymatic attack of bacteria on susceptible minerals while indirect uses bacteria to produce strong oxidizing agents. Commercial bioleaching uses heap and in-situ leaching with controls on pH, temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide to optimize the slow natural process. It is used to extract copper, gold, silver, uranium and other metals.
bio leaching
Bioleaching is a process that uses microorganisms to extract metals from ores and concentrates. It involves bacteria oxidizing sulfide minerals to dissolve metals like copper, gold, and zinc. Common microbes used include mesophilic and moderately thermophilic bacteria. Bioleaching was first observed extracting copper in ancient times and its role in leaching was identified in the 1940s. It is now used commercially in heap, slope, and in-situ leaching to produce metals from low-grade ores.
Biodegradation of hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon are major constituents of crude oil and petroleum. They can be biodegraded by naturally-occurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The ability of microorganisms - bacteria, archaea, fungi, or algae - to break down hydrocarbons is the basis for natural and enhanced bioremediation. To promote biodegradation, amendments such as nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer are often added to stimulate microbial growth and metabolism
Bioleaching of iron, copper, gold. uranium
This document summarizes the process of bioleaching, which uses microorganisms to extract metals like copper, gold, iron, and uranium from ores. It discusses how different bacteria are used to oxidize the metal sulfides in ores, making the metals soluble and able to be extracted. The main methods used are heap leaching and in-situ leaching. Bioleaching has advantages of being low-cost and able to process low-grade ores, but is also time-consuming. Specific examples of how bacteria aid in leaching copper, iron, gold, and uranium are also provided.
Bioleaching
Bioleaching is a process that uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to extract metals from ores. It involves microbes transforming metal compounds into soluble forms that can then be recovered. Some key microbes used are Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans, which produce acids that dissolve metals. Bioleaching is commercially done through methods like slope leaching, heap leaching, and in situ leaching. It provides a cost-effective way to extract low-grade ores and is more environmentally friendly than smelting. However, it is a slower process and requires careful control of temperature, pH, and other environmental factors.
Methanogenesis
Methanogenesis or biomethanation is the formation of methane by microbes known as methanogens. Organisms capable of producing methane have been identified only from the domain Archaea, a group phylogenetically distinct from both eukaryotes and bacteria, although many live in close association with anaerobic bacteria.
Biodeterioration
This document discusses biodeterioration, which refers to undesirable changes in materials caused by biological organisms. It affects buildings, stones, metals, and other materials. Factors like humidity, light, temperature, and pollution can influence biodeterioration by favoring the growth of microbes. Mechanisms include chemical and mechanical aggression via acids, enzymes, and physical forces produced by microbes. Common biodeteriogens are bacteria, fungi, algae, cyanobacteria, and plants. They can deteriorate inorganic materials like stones and metals or organic materials like paper, wood, and paintings. Control methods include biochemical, biological, physical, chemical, and mechanical approaches.
Biomining
Bio mining uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to extract metals from ores. It involves two main processes: bioleaching and biooxidation. Bioleaching involves dumping low-grade ore into a heap and soaking it with acid and bacteria, which degrade the ore and release minerals into fluid. This technique is commonly used to extract gold, copper, nickel, zinc, uranium, and silver. The most common microbes used are Thiobacillus and Leptospirillium.
Biomining
This document discusses biomining, which is the use of microorganisms to extract and recover metals from ores. Traditional mining involves excavation, crushing, and smelting, but produces dust, gases, and toxic compounds. Biomining is a more environmentally friendly alternative that uses microbes and their enzymes to oxidize and dissolve metals from ores. Copper was the first metal extracted using microbes in Rio Tinto mines in Spain in 1752. Common microbes used in biomining include Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thermothrix thioxidans. Factors that affect biomining include temperature, acidity, aeration, particle size, and ore composition. Main types of biomin
Bioremediation of heavy metals pollution by Udaykumar Pankajkumar Bhanushali
This document summarizes techniques for bioremediating heavy metal pollution using plants (phytoremediation) and microorganisms. It discusses how plants and microbes like bacteria, fungi, and algae can uptake, accumulate, immobilize, or transform heavy metals into less toxic forms. Integrated approaches are also proposed, such as using plants inoculated with metal-resistant endophytic bacteria or combining phytoremediation with microbial remediation. The document provides examples of plant and microbial species effective for remediating various metals like mercury, lead, chromium, and more. It explains the mechanisms by which these living organisms remediate heavy metal contamination in soils and water.
Biosorption
Biosorption uses inactive microbial biomass to bind and concentrate heavy metals from aqueous solutions, even very dilute ones. It is a promising alternative to traditional chemical precipitation for treating industrial effluents due to its low cost and high metal binding capacity. Biosorption is a metabolically passive process where heavy metals bind to functional groups on the cell surface through mechanisms like ion exchange, complexation, and chelation. Algae, fungi, bacteria, and plants have all been studied for their ability to biosorb and bioremediate heavy metals through various metabolic and non-metabolic pathways.
Biomining
These slides provide a great knowledge about biomining, its types and its steps. These slides also provide the concise information about future of biomining.
Biodegradation of xenobiotics
This document summarizes biodegradation of various xenobiotics including hydrocarbons, plastics, and pesticides. It discusses that xenobiotics are man-made chemicals that do not occur naturally. Biodegradation is the breakdown of these substances by microorganisms. Various microbes can degrade hydrocarbons through aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Plastics are broken down through hydrolysis and further degraded by acidogenic, acetogenic, and methanogenic bacteria. Pesticides are degraded through methods like dehalogenation, deamination, and hydroxylation. The document provides examples of microbes and mechanisms involved in the biodegradation of these pollutants.
BIODEGRADATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
This document discusses several topics related to environmental biotechnology, including organic pollution, biodegradation of halogenated hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and detergents. It provides details on the sources and impacts of persistent organic pollutants. It also describes various microbial and enzymatic pathways used to biodegrade recalcitrant compounds like PAHs, TCE, DDT, and detergents. Microorganisms like Pseudomonas, Nocardia, and fungi play an important role in the aerobic and anaerobic breakdown of these pollutants.
Microbial degradation of xenobiotics
This document summarizes microbial degradation of various xenobiotics and pollutants. It discusses how microbes like bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes are able to degrade compounds like hydrocarbons, PAHs, pesticides, dyes and other xenobiotics. The microbes produce enzymes that allow them to use these compounds as carbon and energy sources and breakdown the compounds into simpler molecules like carbon dioxide and water.
Bio mining methods
Biomining uses microorganisms like bacteria to extract metals from ores through bioleaching or bio-oxidation processes. Common bacteria used include Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, which can oxidize metal sulfides and solubilize minerals. There are three main types of biomining - stirred tank, bioheaps, and in situ leaching. Factors like bacterial strain selection, ore composition, temperature, acidity, and aeration influence biomining effectiveness.
Microbes in bioremediation
This ppt contains all types of Microbial Bioremediation methods . Everyone can understand clearly . Explaining with neat pictures and animation . Useful for presentation about Microbes in bioremediation . At last it contains a small animated video which helps to get clear view .
Leaching
The document discusses bacterial leaching, which uses bacteria like Thiobacillus to convert sparingly soluble metal compounds into water-soluble metal sulfates in order to extract metals like copper and uranium from ores. It describes various Thiobacillus species that are able to oxidize elements like sulfur and iron. Direct and indirect bacterial leaching processes are outlined, involving the oxidation of sulfide minerals by bacteria or bacterial byproducts. Methods of laboratory and technical bacterial leaching are also summarized.
Methanogens
Methanogens are a diverse group of archaea that can be found in various anoxic habitats. They are mostly anaerobic organisms that cannot function under aerobic conditions. Methanogens produce methane from substrates such as H2/CO2, acetate, formate, methanol and methylamines by a process called methanogenesis. They are found in habitats associated with decomposition of organic matter like bogs, anaerobic digestors, aquatic sediments, hydrothermal submarine vents and geothermal springs.
Degradation of lignin and cellulose using microbes
Lignocelluloses, the major component of biomass, makes up about half of the matter produced by photosynthesis. It consists of three types of polymers – cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin – that are strongly intermeshed and chemically bonded by non-covalent forces and by covalent cross-linkages. A great variety of fungi and bacteria can fragment these macromolecules by using a battery of hydrolytic or oxidative enzymes. In native substrates, binding of the polymers hinders their biodegradation. Molecular genetics of cellulose-, hemicellulose- and lignin-degrading systems advanced considerably during the 1990s. Most of the enzymes have been cloned, sequenced, and expressed both in homologous and in heterologous hosts. Much is known about the structure, genomic organization, and regulation of the genes encoding these proteins.
Bioleeching
This document discusses bioleaching, which uses microorganisms to dissolve metals from ores. The most common microorganisms used are Thiobacillus thiooxidants and Thiobacillus ferrooxidants. Bioleaching can occur directly via microbial contact with ores or indirectly by microbes producing leaching agents. Common applications include copper, uranium, gold and silver, and silica leaching. Bioleaching is used commercially in slope, heap, and in situ leaching with ores placed in piles or left in the ground and irrigated with microbes.
Bio leaching or biomining
Bioleaching uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to extract metals from ores and concentrates. It has been used for over 3000 years to extract copper. Modern commercial bioleaching uses three main methods - slope leaching, in-situ leaching, and heap leaching. Key factors that affect bioleaching include choice of bacteria, ore composition, temperature, acidity, aeration and solid-liquid ratio. Bioleaching is a simple, inexpensive and environmentally friendly alternative to smelting for extracting metals from low-grade ores.
Bioleaching
Bioleaching, or microbial ore leaching, is a process used to extract metals from their ores using bacterial micro-organisms.
The bacteria feed on nutrients in the minerals, causing the metal to separate from its ore.
Biomining /bioleaching
Biomining and bioleaching use microorganisms like Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to extract metals from ores and mine tailings. These microbes facilitate metal extraction by oxidizing metals or the minerals containing them, making the metals soluble so they can be recovered. Key applications include extracting copper, gold, and uranium, as well as remediating acid mine drainage. As high-grade surface deposits diminish, biomining will become increasingly important for recovering metals from lower-grade ores in a more sustainable and cost-effective manner than conventional mining and extraction methods.
ENRICHMENT OF ORES BY MICROORGANISMS- Bioaccumulation and biomineralization
Microbial ore leaching (bioleaching) is the process of extracting metals from ores with the use of microorganisms. This method is used to recover many different precious metals like copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, and nickel. Microorganisms are used because they can:
lower the production costs.
cause less environmental pollution in comparison to the traditional leaching methods.
very efficiently extract metals when their concentration in the ore is low.
Microbial alchemy
Microbial bioleaching uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to extract metals from low-grade ores in an economical way. Bacteria like Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans produce acids that oxidize insoluble metals into soluble forms that can be extracted. Common metals extracted through bioleaching include copper, uranium, gold and nickel. Bioleaching offers advantages over traditional extraction methods by being lower cost, using less energy, and producing fewer emissions. It has been successfully commercialized to extract metals from mining waste and natural low-grade deposits.
bioleaching
Bioleaching,
Microorganinsms used in bioleaching,
Direct bioleaching, indirect bioleaching , bioleaching of gold, bioleaching of copper, bioleaching of uranium, factor affecting bioleaching, advantage of bioleaching, disadvantages of bioleaching, bioleaching summary
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Methanogenesis
Methanogenesis or biomethanation is the formation of methane by microbes known as methanogens. Organisms capable of producing methane have been identified only from the domain Archaea, a group phylogenetically distinct from both eukaryotes and bacteria, although many live in close association with anaerobic bacteria.
Biodeterioration
This document discusses biodeterioration, which refers to undesirable changes in materials caused by biological organisms. It affects buildings, stones, metals, and other materials. Factors like humidity, light, temperature, and pollution can influence biodeterioration by favoring the growth of microbes. Mechanisms include chemical and mechanical aggression via acids, enzymes, and physical forces produced by microbes. Common biodeteriogens are bacteria, fungi, algae, cyanobacteria, and plants. They can deteriorate inorganic materials like stones and metals or organic materials like paper, wood, and paintings. Control methods include biochemical, biological, physical, chemical, and mechanical approaches.
Biomining
Bio mining uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to extract metals from ores. It involves two main processes: bioleaching and biooxidation. Bioleaching involves dumping low-grade ore into a heap and soaking it with acid and bacteria, which degrade the ore and release minerals into fluid. This technique is commonly used to extract gold, copper, nickel, zinc, uranium, and silver. The most common microbes used are Thiobacillus and Leptospirillium.
Biomining
This document discusses biomining, which is the use of microorganisms to extract and recover metals from ores. Traditional mining involves excavation, crushing, and smelting, but produces dust, gases, and toxic compounds. Biomining is a more environmentally friendly alternative that uses microbes and their enzymes to oxidize and dissolve metals from ores. Copper was the first metal extracted using microbes in Rio Tinto mines in Spain in 1752. Common microbes used in biomining include Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thermothrix thioxidans. Factors that affect biomining include temperature, acidity, aeration, particle size, and ore composition. Main types of biomin
Bioremediation of heavy metals pollution by Udaykumar Pankajkumar Bhanushali
This document summarizes techniques for bioremediating heavy metal pollution using plants (phytoremediation) and microorganisms. It discusses how plants and microbes like bacteria, fungi, and algae can uptake, accumulate, immobilize, or transform heavy metals into less toxic forms. Integrated approaches are also proposed, such as using plants inoculated with metal-resistant endophytic bacteria or combining phytoremediation with microbial remediation. The document provides examples of plant and microbial species effective for remediating various metals like mercury, lead, chromium, and more. It explains the mechanisms by which these living organisms remediate heavy metal contamination in soils and water.
Biosorption
Biosorption uses inactive microbial biomass to bind and concentrate heavy metals from aqueous solutions, even very dilute ones. It is a promising alternative to traditional chemical precipitation for treating industrial effluents due to its low cost and high metal binding capacity. Biosorption is a metabolically passive process where heavy metals bind to functional groups on the cell surface through mechanisms like ion exchange, complexation, and chelation. Algae, fungi, bacteria, and plants have all been studied for their ability to biosorb and bioremediate heavy metals through various metabolic and non-metabolic pathways.
Biomining
These slides provide a great knowledge about biomining, its types and its steps. These slides also provide the concise information about future of biomining.
Biodegradation of xenobiotics
This document summarizes biodegradation of various xenobiotics including hydrocarbons, plastics, and pesticides. It discusses that xenobiotics are man-made chemicals that do not occur naturally. Biodegradation is the breakdown of these substances by microorganisms. Various microbes can degrade hydrocarbons through aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Plastics are broken down through hydrolysis and further degraded by acidogenic, acetogenic, and methanogenic bacteria. Pesticides are degraded through methods like dehalogenation, deamination, and hydroxylation. The document provides examples of microbes and mechanisms involved in the biodegradation of these pollutants.
BIODEGRADATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
This document discusses several topics related to environmental biotechnology, including organic pollution, biodegradation of halogenated hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and detergents. It provides details on the sources and impacts of persistent organic pollutants. It also describes various microbial and enzymatic pathways used to biodegrade recalcitrant compounds like PAHs, TCE, DDT, and detergents. Microorganisms like Pseudomonas, Nocardia, and fungi play an important role in the aerobic and anaerobic breakdown of these pollutants.
Microbial degradation of xenobiotics
This document summarizes microbial degradation of various xenobiotics and pollutants. It discusses how microbes like bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes are able to degrade compounds like hydrocarbons, PAHs, pesticides, dyes and other xenobiotics. The microbes produce enzymes that allow them to use these compounds as carbon and energy sources and breakdown the compounds into simpler molecules like carbon dioxide and water.
Bio mining methods
Biomining uses microorganisms like bacteria to extract metals from ores through bioleaching or bio-oxidation processes. Common bacteria used include Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, which can oxidize metal sulfides and solubilize minerals. There are three main types of biomining - stirred tank, bioheaps, and in situ leaching. Factors like bacterial strain selection, ore composition, temperature, acidity, and aeration influence biomining effectiveness.
Microbes in bioremediation
This ppt contains all types of Microbial Bioremediation methods . Everyone can understand clearly . Explaining with neat pictures and animation . Useful for presentation about Microbes in bioremediation . At last it contains a small animated video which helps to get clear view .
Leaching
The document discusses bacterial leaching, which uses bacteria like Thiobacillus to convert sparingly soluble metal compounds into water-soluble metal sulfates in order to extract metals like copper and uranium from ores. It describes various Thiobacillus species that are able to oxidize elements like sulfur and iron. Direct and indirect bacterial leaching processes are outlined, involving the oxidation of sulfide minerals by bacteria or bacterial byproducts. Methods of laboratory and technical bacterial leaching are also summarized.
Methanogens
Methanogens are a diverse group of archaea that can be found in various anoxic habitats. They are mostly anaerobic organisms that cannot function under aerobic conditions. Methanogens produce methane from substrates such as H2/CO2, acetate, formate, methanol and methylamines by a process called methanogenesis. They are found in habitats associated with decomposition of organic matter like bogs, anaerobic digestors, aquatic sediments, hydrothermal submarine vents and geothermal springs.
Degradation of lignin and cellulose using microbes
Lignocelluloses, the major component of biomass, makes up about half of the matter produced by photosynthesis. It consists of three types of polymers – cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin – that are strongly intermeshed and chemically bonded by non-covalent forces and by covalent cross-linkages. A great variety of fungi and bacteria can fragment these macromolecules by using a battery of hydrolytic or oxidative enzymes. In native substrates, binding of the polymers hinders their biodegradation. Molecular genetics of cellulose-, hemicellulose- and lignin-degrading systems advanced considerably during the 1990s. Most of the enzymes have been cloned, sequenced, and expressed both in homologous and in heterologous hosts. Much is known about the structure, genomic organization, and regulation of the genes encoding these proteins.
Bioleeching
This document discusses bioleaching, which uses microorganisms to dissolve metals from ores. The most common microorganisms used are Thiobacillus thiooxidants and Thiobacillus ferrooxidants. Bioleaching can occur directly via microbial contact with ores or indirectly by microbes producing leaching agents. Common applications include copper, uranium, gold and silver, and silica leaching. Bioleaching is used commercially in slope, heap, and in situ leaching with ores placed in piles or left in the ground and irrigated with microbes.
Bio leaching or biomining
Bioleaching uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to extract metals from ores and concentrates. It has been used for over 3000 years to extract copper. Modern commercial bioleaching uses three main methods - slope leaching, in-situ leaching, and heap leaching. Key factors that affect bioleaching include choice of bacteria, ore composition, temperature, acidity, aeration and solid-liquid ratio. Bioleaching is a simple, inexpensive and environmentally friendly alternative to smelting for extracting metals from low-grade ores.
Bioleaching
Bioleaching, or microbial ore leaching, is a process used to extract metals from their ores using bacterial micro-organisms.
The bacteria feed on nutrients in the minerals, causing the metal to separate from its ore.
Biomining /bioleaching
Biomining and bioleaching use microorganisms like Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to extract metals from ores and mine tailings. These microbes facilitate metal extraction by oxidizing metals or the minerals containing them, making the metals soluble so they can be recovered. Key applications include extracting copper, gold, and uranium, as well as remediating acid mine drainage. As high-grade surface deposits diminish, biomining will become increasingly important for recovering metals from lower-grade ores in a more sustainable and cost-effective manner than conventional mining and extraction methods.
ENRICHMENT OF ORES BY MICROORGANISMS- Bioaccumulation and biomineralization
Microbial ore leaching (bioleaching) is the process of extracting metals from ores with the use of microorganisms. This method is used to recover many different precious metals like copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, and nickel. Microorganisms are used because they can:
lower the production costs.
cause less environmental pollution in comparison to the traditional leaching methods.
very efficiently extract metals when their concentration in the ore is low.
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Microbial alchemy
Microbial bioleaching uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to extract metals from low-grade ores in an economical way. Bacteria like Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans produce acids that oxidize insoluble metals into soluble forms that can be extracted. Common metals extracted through bioleaching include copper, uranium, gold and nickel. Bioleaching offers advantages over traditional extraction methods by being lower cost, using less energy, and producing fewer emissions. It has been successfully commercialized to extract metals from mining waste and natural low-grade deposits.
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bioleaching.pptx
Biomining uses microorganisms like Thiobacillus bacteria to extract metals from rocks through bioleaching. There are three main types of bioleaching - slope leaching involves dumping ore on a slope and sprinkling bacteria-containing water over it, heap leaching piles the ore in heaps and sprinkles water, and in situ leaching pumps the water through underground ore deposits. The bacteria indirectly leach metals by oxidizing the ore and producing acidity or oxidizing agents that dissolve the metals.
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This document discusses two main processes by which microorganisms can recover metals from ores: bioleaching and bio-sorption. Bioleaching involves extracting metals through the solubilization of minerals by microorganisms like Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Bio-sorption deals with the adsorption of metals onto microbial cell surfaces. Commercial bioleaching uses methods like slope leaching, heap leaching, and in situ leaching to optimize conditions for microbial growth and metal extraction. Key examples discussed are bioleaching of copper, uranium, and other metals from low-grade ores.
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Microorganisms play an important role in mineral cycling and the transformation of metals. Some bacteria are able to extract metals from ores through bioleaching. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is a key bacterium in bioleaching, as it is able to oxidize iron and sulfur, releasing metals in soluble forms. Bioleaching involves either direct enzymatic attack on minerals or indirect leaching through oxidizing agents produced by bacteria. It is used commercially to extract metals like copper from low-grade ores and has advantages of being economic and environmentally friendly.
Biomining
The document discusses biomining, which uses microorganisms like bacteria to extract minerals from ores as an alternative to traditional mining methods. It describes how bacteria like Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and T. thioxidans are used to extract metals like copper and iron through oxidation. Two main types of biomining discussed are stirred-tank biomining and bioheap leaching. Biomining has advantages of being cheaper, more environmentally friendly and able to extract from low-grade ores, but is slower than traditional techniques.
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This document discusses the process of bioleaching, which uses microorganisms like bacteria and archaea to extract valuable metals from low-grade ores. It involves two main mechanisms - direct contact between microbes and ores, or indirect leaching using acids and oxidizing agents produced by microbes. Key microbes used are Thiobacillus species and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. Commercial bioleaching includes methods like dump, heap, and in situ leaching. Factors like temperature, pH, microbial culture composition affect the process. Though inexpensive and eco-friendly, bioleaching is also time-consuming and has low and inconsistent metal yields.
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Biomining uses microorganisms like bacteria and archaea to extract metals from ores through bioleaching or bio-oxidation processes. These microbes thrive in acidic environments and derive energy by oxidizing metals and sulfur compounds. Common microbes used are Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, and Sulfolobus metallicus. Biomining offers economic and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional smelting by solubilizing metals at low temperatures without emitting sulfur dioxide gas.
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Biosorption is a process where toxic heavy metals are removed from wastewater using biological material. It involves the binding of metals like arsenic, cadmium, iron, lead, and mercury to biomass like algae, fungi, bacteria and plants. The mechanisms of biosorption include ion exchange, chelation and physical adsorption to cell walls and membranes. Factors affecting biosorption are biomass concentration, pH, temperature. Biosorption has applications in wastewater treatment for industries like metal plating and mining due to its cost effectiveness and metal recovery abilities.
biosorption of heavy metals
DRAWBACKS
Redistribution of metals
Essential metal loss
No removal of metal from intracellular space
Hepatotoxicity and Neurotoxicity
Poor clinical recovery
Pro-oxidant effects(DTPA)
Increased blood pressure
POTASSIUM RELEASING & ZINC SOLUBILIZING MICRO ORGANISMS
In this PPT presentation you will be learning about how the POTASSIUM RELEASING % ZINC SOLIBLIZING MICROORGANISMS fix the microorganisms in the soil and how it plays a major role in the growth of the plants.
Microorganism used in bioleaching
Microorganism used in bioleaching
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Types
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Reference
Bioleaching
Bioleaching is the simple and effective technology used for metal extraction from low grade ores and minerals concentrate by use of microorganisms
MSc env micro biodegradation
Microorganisms like Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans are used in bioleaching to extract metals from ores. There are two mechanisms: direct contact of microbes with insoluble sulfides, and an indirect ferric-ferrous cycle. Metals like iron, copper, and uranium are leached from pyrite, chalcopyrite, and uraninite ores respectively using these mechanisms. Bioleaching is a simple, inexpensive process to extract metals from low-grade ores.
Mining biotechnology by Dr. Kamlesh Choure
This document discusses acid mine drainage (AMD), its causes, and potential treatment methods. It provides background on how AMD forms through the oxidation of sulfide minerals like pyrite by acid-loving bacteria in the presence of oxygen and water. This lowers pH and increases dissolved metals in water, polluting the environment. The document explores current AMD treatment approaches like wetlands and preventing oxidation. It also proposes researching microbial consortiums of sulfate-reducing and iron-reducing bacteria to control acidophiles and remediate AMD.
Microbial Biocorrosion - An Introduction...
This document provides an overview of biocorrosion or microbially influenced corrosion (MIC). It discusses how microbial activity within biofilms formed on metal surfaces can accelerate or inhibit corrosion through various mechanisms. Key points include:
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- Dist
IN SITU RECOVERY SMI SEMINAR-final1
This document discusses in-situ recovery as an alternative to open-pit mining of copper deposits. It outlines several methods of in-situ recovery including post-caving leaching, in-stope leaching, and borehole-based leaching. Recent technological advances in drilling, fracturing, and biotechnology have created new opportunities for in-situ recovery of deeper copper deposits. Critical steps include preconditioning the ore through hydraulic fracturing or explosives to create an extensive fracture network and prevent channeling of leaching fluids. Elevated temperatures and pressures at depth can accelerate leaching rates for chalcopyrite and other copper sulfide minerals.
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• Blood is composed of a Liquid called Plasma & of cellular elements (RBC’S, WBC’S & Platelets)
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restrial insects
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Bioleaching
- 1. BIOLEACHING
- 3. INTRODUCTION :- Microbial leaching is the process by which metals are dissolved from are bearing rocks using microorganism . The world there are vast quantities of such low grade copper ores that cannot be profitably purified by conventional chemical method. but that could by microbial leaching. There are also significant quantities of nickel , lead and zinc ores which could be leached. Leaching was discovered as a process occurring in pumps and pipelines installed in mine pits containing acidic water.
- 4. It was subsequently developed foe the recovery of metal from low grade ores. For many metals, there are now leaching methods which permit extraction from metal or other ores. The metals are converted to water – soluble metal sulfates with the aid of biochemical oxidation processes. commonly used microorganisms are: Mesophiles moderately extremophiles
- 5. MICRORGANISM USED IN BIOLEACHING:- TWO most commonly used organism in microbial leaching are thiobacillus thiooxidans and thiobacillus terrooxidans. A number of others may also be used including: • Thiobacillus concretivorus , pseudomonas fluorescens , P. achromobacter , bacillus licheniformis, B. polymyxa and several thermophilic bacteria including thiobacillus thermophilica , . • The heterotrophic organism listed have not as yet actually been used ,but it seems likely that processes will be developed by which metals are extracted from ores with microbially produced organic acid via chelate and salt formation .
- 6. CHEMISTRY OF BIOLEACHING :- The reaction mechanisms are of two types, 1 Direct bacterial leaching 2 indirect bacterial leaching 1. Direct bacterial leaching in this process, a physical contact exist between bactria and ores and oxidation of minerals takes place though enzymatically catalysed steps
- 7. ex; pyrite is oxidised to ferric sulphate 2FeS2+ 7O2+ 2H2O 2Feso4 + 2H2so4 2 indirect bacterial leaching IN THIS process the microbes are not in direct with minerals , but leaching agents are produced by these microbes which oxidize the ores.
- 8. The process involving thiobacillus ferroxidans is being used since 1960 s in canada for uranium recovery , and since 1970 s in south africa for recovery of gold . In USA and some other countrics it is being used mainly for the recovery for copper ; about 10-20 % of the world copper supply is derived by this process .
- 9. COMMERCIAL PROCESS OF BIOLEACHING :- Naturally occur bioleaching process is very slow . For commercial extraction of metal by bioleaching the process is optimized by controlling the Ph , temperature. Three method of the commercial process used in bioleaching : - i. Slope leaching ii. Heap leaching iii. In-situ leaching
- 10. 1 Slope leaching Finely ground ores ( up to 10,000 tons) are dumped in large piles down a mountainside and continuously sprinkled with water containing thiobacillus . The water is collected at the bottom and reused after metal extraction and possible regeneration of the bacteria in an oxidation pool. 2 HEAP LEACHING The ore is arranged in large heaps and treated as in slope leaching .
- 11. 3 IN SITU – LEACHING • In this process the ore remains in its original position in earth . • Surface blasting of earth is done to increase the permebility of water. • Water containing is pumped through drilled passages to the ores. • Acidic water seeps through the rocks and collect at bottom. • Again water is pumped from bottom • Mineral is extracted and water is reused after generation of bacteria.
- 18. MERITS of using microbes for ore leaching:- It does not require high energy imputs It can be applied both on small and large scales It is self – regenerating if soluble iron is present since fe+2 is oxidised to fe+3 by T. ferroxidance The process can be used to extract a variety of metals
- 19. LIMITATIONS OF MICROBIAL ORE LEACHING:- The desired metal is recovered as a dilute solution of its salf and not as elemental metal. This makes a recovery process from the solution essential. The microorganisms must be kept viable by providing approprite conditions
Editor's Notes
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