Bio gas is produced from the breakdown of organic matter and is composed primarily of methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. It is generated through a four-step process: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. There are two main types of bio gas production plants - fixed dome plants and floating dome plants. Bio gas has several benefits as a renewable energy source but also some limitations. India has the potential to develop 12-17 million bio gas plants and currently has over 4.75 million installed, primarily based on dairy waste. Maharashtra is the leading Indian state in bio gas production. Globally, the proportion of functioning bio gas plants is less than 50% in most developing countries outside of India and China.

1. BIO GAS
P R E S E N T E D B Y : - J A I K A R A N

2. Overview
Introduction + Composition
Production technique
Processing of Bio gas
Benefits & Limitations
Application
Indian scenario
Global scenario
Conclusion
LETS GO!

3. Introduction
Bio gas is typically the mixture of different
gases produced by the breakdown of organic
matter in the absence of oxygen
What is Bio gas ?
It is a renewable type of energy source
main source of raw material for production of
bio gas is plant & animal

4. Biomass
sources
FORESTRY CROPS &
RESIDUE
AGRICULTURAL
CROPS & RESIDUE
SWEAGE
INDUSTRIAL RESIDUE ANIMAL RESIDUE
MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE

5. Composition
COMPOUND
MOLECULAR
FORMULA PERCENTAGE
METHANE
CARBON DIOXIDE
NITROGEN
CH4
CO2
N2
50 - 70%
25 - 50%
0 - 10%
BIO GAS IS MAINLY, CH4, CO2, N2 AND A BIT OF HYDROGEN SULPHATE (H2S)
MAYBE EVEN MOISTER

6. Production
Hydrolysis
01.
02.
03.
04.
Acidogenesis
Acetogenesis
Methanogenesis
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Sugar
Fatty acid
Amino acid
Carbonic acids &
alcohols
Hdrogen carbon
dioxide ammonia
Hydrogen and
acitic acid
carbon dioxvide
Methane carbon
dioxide

7. Production equipments
Inlet
Digester
Gas holder
Outlet
The main parts of a typical bio gas plant consist of the
following components
There are different types of bio gas production plants.
the main two types are :-
Ficed - dome plant
Floating dome plant

8. Fixed dome type
A fixed dome plant consists of a digester with a fixed,
non movable gas holder, which sits on top of the digester
ADVANTAGE :- The cost of a fixed dome bio gas plant are
relatively low. It is simple as no moving parts exist. There
are also no rsting steel parts and hence a long life of the
plant (20 years or more) can be expected.

9. Floating dome type
Floating dome plant consists of an underground digester
and a moving gas holder
The gas holder floats either directly on the fermentation
slurry or in a water jacket of its own
The gas is collected in the gas drum, which rises or moves
down, according to the amount of the gas stored
ADVANTAGE :- Floating dome plants are easy to
understand and operate. They provide gas at a constant
pressure, and the stored gas - vloume is immediatley
recognizable by the position of the dome

10. Processing of bio gas
The scrubbing of the bio gas in order to remove impurities that are genarated
during the diagram process such as CO2 (Carbon dioxide) and H2S (Hydrogen
sulfide)
Bio gas go through a cleaning process, and becomes biomethane
A simple method for hydrogen sulfide utilizing steel wool in a glass bottle
For corbon dioxide removal, as well as additional hydrogen sulfide removal a
method of water spray crossflow can be used. In this method the bio gas enters one
end of a tube and experiences water streams flowing in the opposite direction

11. Video of a bio gas digester

12. Benefits & Advantages of bio gas
ALTERNATE ENERGY SOURCE
FERTILIZER
REQUIRES ONLY LOCALLY AND EASILY AVAILABLE
MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION
CONTROL POLLUTION
LITTLE OPERATION SKILLS AND MAINTENANCE
HIGH CALORIFIC VALUE
RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY
NON POLLUTING
REDUCE LANDFILLS
ECONOMICAL TECHNOLOGY

13. Limitations of bio gas
BIO GAS CAN BE EXPLOSIVE WHEN MIXED IN THE RATIO OF ONE PART BIO
GAS TO 8 - 20 PARTS AIR
BIO GAS LEAKS SMELL LIKE ROTTEN EGG (HYDROGEN SULFIDE)
NOT FEASIBLE
NOT ATTRACTIVE ON LARGE SCALE
LITTLE TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
CONTAINS IMPURITIES
CANNOT BE EASILY STORED

14. APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
BIO GAS IN TRANSPORT
USING CARBON DIOXIDE AND
METHANE AS CHEMICAL
PRODUCTS
BIO GAS TRAIN AMANDA , SWEDEN

15. Indian senario
Wind
19565
Bio energy
4449
Small hydro
3686
Solar
1891
Wind
49130
Small hydro
20000
Solar
20000
Bio energy
17000
INSTALLED CAPACITY OF RENEWABLE IN INDIA
POTENTIAL OF RENEWABLE IN INDIA UNTO 2032
12
-
17
MILLION
INDIA HAS INSTALLED 4.75 MILLION SMALL SCALE BIO GAS PLANTS
INDIA'S POTENTIAL OF MAXIMUM NUMBER OF BIO GAS PLANTS HAS BEEN
ESTIMATED TO BE 12 - 17 MILLION
MAINLY BIO GAS IS PRODUCED BASED ON DAIRY MANURE AS FEED STOCK
AND THESE "GOBAR" GAS PLANTS
IN THE LAST 2 - 3 DECADES, RESEARCH ORGANISATION WITH A FOCUS ON
RURAL ENERGY SECURITY HAVE ENHANCED THE DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM
RESULTING IN NEWER EFFICIENT LOW COST DESIGNS

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PRODUCTION OF BIO GAS IN LACK CUBIC METER
INDIA HAVE ADDITIONALLY COMMISSIONED 158 PROJECTS UNDER ITS BIO
GAS BASED GRID POWER GENERATION PROGRAMME, WITH A TOTAL
INSTALLED CAPACITY OF 2MW.
NATIONAL BIO GAS AND MANURE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (NBMMB) IS
IMPLEMENTED IN OUR CONUTRY SINCE 1981 - 82 FOR PROMOTION OF BIO
GAS PLANTS BASED ON CATTLE DUNG
TO SUPPORT ABOVE PROGRAMME THE GOVERNMENTS PROVIDING 50%
SUBSIDY FOR INSTALLATION OF BIO GAS PLANT
Indian senario

17. Global senario

18. Conclusion
EXCEPT IN INDIA AND CHINNA, IN OTHER DEVELOPING COUNTRIES THE
PROPORTION OF FUNCTIONING BIO GAS PLANTS IS LESS THAN 50%
CONSIDERABLE GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENTS IS REQUIRED FOR THESE
SUPPORT NETWORK TO BE CONTINUED OVER TIME
IT IS CHALLENGE TO DEVELOP A NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR BIO GAS
GENERATION WHICH HAS LOW COST, HIGH EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION
AND PROPER FUNCTIONALITY

19. THANK YOU
USN :- 4PS21CS037 ROLL NO :- 33