This document discusses biodiversity and its importance. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life forms on Earth, including genetic diversity within and between species and ecosystems. It notes that biodiversity provides many benefits like increased ecosystem productivity, more food and medicine resources, climate stability, and faster recovery from disasters. The document also covers the history of biodiversity concepts and types of biodiversity like genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. Maintaining biodiversity is important for human survival.

2. Presented by:
• Taseer Raza
• 17-CE-93
• Civil Engineering Department

3. BIODIVERSITY
• Biodiversity is the variety of the world's
organisms, including their genetic diversity and
the assemblage they form.
• Biological diversity, abbreviated as biodiversity,
represent the sum total of various life forms such
as unicellular fungi, protozoa, bacteria, and multi
cellular organisms such as plants, fishes, and
mammals at various biological levels including
gens, habitats, and ecosystem

4. HISTORY OF
BIODIVERSITY
• Charles Darwin identified the first principle of
the origin of modern biodiversity, namely that all
species were linked in a single great phylogeny, or
tree of life, and that all could be traced back to a
presumed single original species at some distant
time in the geological past.
• The term Biodiversity was first coined by Walter G.
Rosen in 1986

5. HISTORY OF BIODIVERSITY
• Biodiversity is the variety of life forms on earth and the
essential interdependence of all living things. As defined in
convention on Biological diversity singed at Rio De Jenerio
(Brazil) in 1992 by 154 countries, the Biodiversity defined as
“the variability among living organisms from all sources
including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic
eco-systems and the ecological complexes of which the
area part- this include diversity with in species, between
species and of ecosystem.” According to IUCN in 1998, “the
variety and variability of species of their population, the
variety of species of their life forms, the diversity of the
complex association with species with their interaction and
their ecological process which influences perform.”

6. TYPES OF
BIODIVERSITY
• Diversity of Ecosystem
• Diversity of Species
• Diversity of Genes

7. TYPES OF
BIODIVERSITY
• GENETIC DIVERSITY
 It refers to the total genetic information contained
in the genes of individuals of plants , animals and
microorganisms.
 The genes found in organisms can form enormous
number of combinations each of which gives rise
to some variability.
 Genes are the basic units of hereditary
information transmitted from one generation to
other.

8. TYPES OF
BIODIVERSITY
• GENETIC DIVERSITY
 When the genes within the same species show
different versions due to new combinations, it is
called genetic variability.
 For example, all rice varieties belong to the
species Oryza sativa, but there are thousands of
wild and cultivated varieties of rice which show
variations at the genetic level and differ in their
color, size, shape, aroma and nutrient content of
the grain. This is the genetic diversity of rice.

9. TYPES OF
BIODIVERSITY
• SPECIE DIVERSITY
 A species generally consists of all the individual
organisms of a natural population which are able
to interbreed, generally sharing similar
appearance, characteristics and genetics due to
having relatively recent common ancestors.
 A species is a reproductively isolated population
that shares a common gene pool and a common
niche.
 A species is one of the basic units of biodiversity

10. TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
• SPECIE DIVERSITY

11. TYPES OF
BIODIVERSITY
• ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
 This is the diversity of ecological variations in
ecological niches, trophic structure, food-webs,
nutrient cycling etc.
 The ecosystems also show variations with respect to
physical parameters like moisture, temperature,
altitude, precipitation etc.
 Thus, there occurs tremendous diversity within the
ecosystems, along these gradients.
 The ecosystem diversity is of great value that must
be kept intact.

12. TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
• ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
 This diversity has developed over millions of years of evolution.
 If we destroy this diversity, it would disrupt the ecological balance.
 We cannot even replace the diversity of one ecosystem by that of
another.
 Coniferous trees of boreal forests cannot take up the function of
the trees of tropical deciduous forest lands and vice versa, because
ecosystem diversity has evolved with respect to the prevailing
environmental conditions with well-regulated ecological balance.

13. IMPORTANCE OF
BIODIVERSITY
Our biodiversity is very important to the well-being of
our planet. Most cultures, at least at some time, have
recognized the importance of conserving natural
resources.
• Increase ecosystem productivity; each species in an
ecosystem has a specific niche—a role to play.
• Support a larger number of plant species and,
therefore, a greater variety of crops.
• Protect freshwater resources.
• Promote soils formation and protection.
• Provide for nutrient storage and recycling.
• Aid in breaking down pollutants.

14. IMPORTANCE OF
BIODIVERSITY
• Contribute to climate stability.
• Speed recovery from natural disasters.
• Provide more food resources.
• Provide more medicinal resources and
pharmaceutical drugs.
• Offer environments for recreation and
tourist.

15. CONCLUSION
• Biodiversity is our life. If the Biodiversity got
lost at this rate then in near future, the
survival of human being will be threatened.
So, it is our moral duty to conserve
Biodiversity as well our Environment. Long-
term maintenance of species and their
management requires co-operative efforts
across entire landscapes. Biodiversity should
be dealt with at scale of habitats or
ecosystems rather than at species level.