FOR STUDENTS

2. PRESENTED BY
TASEER RAZA
(17-CE-93)

3. DEFORESTATION
• DEFORESTATION IS THE REMOVAL OF A FOREST OR STAND OF TREES FROM
LAND WHICH IS THEN CONVERTED TO A NON-FOREST
USE. DEFORESTATION CAN INVOLVE CONVERSION OF FOREST LAND TO FARMS,
RANCHES, OR URBAN USE.

5. FORESTS IMPORTANCE
• THE IMPORTANCE OF FORESTS CANNOT BE UNDERESTIMATED. WE DEPEND
ON FORESTS FOR OUR SURVIVAL, FROM THE AIR WE BREATHE TO THE WOOD WE
USE. BESIDES PROVIDING HABITATS FOR ANIMALS AND LIVELIHOODS FOR
HUMANS, FORESTS ALSO OFFER WATERSHED PROTECTION, PREVENT SOIL
EROSION AND MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE.1.6 BILLION PEOPLE RELY ON
BENEFITS FOREST OFFER, INCLUDING FOOD. FRESH WATER, CLOTHING,
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND SHELTER. FOREST COVER 31% OF THE LAND AREA
ON OUR PLANET

7. CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION
• AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
• LOGGING
• URBANIZATION
• MINING
• FOREST FIRE
• DESERTIFICATION OF LAND

10. EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION
• CLIMATE IMBALANCE
• SOIL EROSION
• INCREASE IN GLOBAL WARMING
• WILDLIFE EXTINCTION
• INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE
• FLOODS

11. DEFORESTATION IN PAKISTAN
• ACCORDING TO THE GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN, FORESTS OCCUPY ABOUT 4.6
MILLION HECTARES (MHA) OF THE COUNTRY’S LAND AREA(79.6 MHA). THIS
INCLUDES 1.96 MHA OF CONIFEROUS FORESTS (43 PER CENT OF THE TOTAL
FOREST COVER), 1.72 MHA SHRUBS OR FOOTHILL FORESTS (37.2 PER CENT),
IRRIGATED PLANTATIONS (0.234 MHA), RIVERINE (0.297 MHA) AND MANGROVES
(0.35 MHA) IN THE INDUS RIVER DELTA. KHYBER-PAKHTUNKHWA HAS 40 PER
CENT OF THE COUNTRY’S FOREST COVER, THE NORTHERN AREAS 15.7 PER CENT
AND AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR 6.5 PER CENT.

12. NATIONAL FOREST MONITORING SYSTEM
(NFMS):
• THE GOAL OF NATIONAL FOREST MONITORING IS TO GENERATE RELIABLE DATA
AND INFORMATION TO FORMULATING, MONITORING AND ADJUSTING
NATIONAL FOREST POLICIES, TO INFORM INTERESTED STAKEHOLDERS ON THE
FOREST STATUS AND TO REPORT TO INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, SUCH AS
THE RIO CONVENTIONS. ALSO, THE ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE OF THE NFMS IS TO
MONITOR PROGRESS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE FORESTS MANAGEMENT IN
PAKISTAN.

13. SOLUTIONS TO DEFORESTATION
• PLANTATION
• BANNED CUTTING
• USE LESS PAPER
• USE YOUNG TREES BY OLDER ONES
• REPLACE TIMBER MADE THINGS
• RECYCLE TIMBER MADE THINGS
• LIMITED USE OF FIRE WOOD

14. SOLUTIONS OF DEFORESTATIONS
• SUPPORT FOREST COMMUNITY
• PRACTICE ECO FORESTRY
• ONE BABY ONE TREE SCHEME
• RAISE AWARENESS
• SUPPORT ORGANIZATIONS THAT STOP DEFORESTATION

15. PRIME MINISTER IMRAN KHAN CAMPAIGN
PRIME MINISTER IMRAN KHAN HAS LAUNCHED “PLANT FOR PAKISTAN”, AN AFFORESTATION DRIVE IN
THE COUNTRY, BY PLANTING A SAPLING IN HARIPUR DISTRICT, KHYBER-PAKHTUNKHWA (K-P) ON
SUNDAY.
K-P CHIEF MINISTER MAHMOOD KHAN RECEIVED THE PM AND ACCOMPANIED HIM TO HARIPUR
DURING THE LAUNCHING OF THE CAMPAIGN. THE PRIME MINISTER SAID THAT THEIR TARGET IS TO
PLANT 10 BILLION TREES IN FIVE YEARS OF THEIR TENURE TO MAKE THE COUNTRY GREEN. HE SAID
THE AIM IS TO BEAT THE THREAT OF GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE. “PAKISTAN IS
SEVENTH ON THE LIST OF THOSE COUNTRIES WHICH WILL BE AFFECTED BY GLOBAL WARMING… THIS IS
A WAR FOR THE SURVIVAL OF OUR FUTURE GENERATIONS,” HE SAID WHILE TALKING ABOUT THE AIM
OF THE TREES PLANTATION DRIVE. IN MULTAN’S KACHERI CHOWK, AT LEAST 10,000 SAPLINGS WERE
DISTRIBUTED TO THE PUBLIC. AS MANY AS 200,000 TREES WERE PLANTED IN PESHAWAR. SOME
PRIVATE SCHOOLS EVEN ASKED STUDENTS TO COME TO SCHOOL ON SUNDAY AND PARTICIPATE IN
THE PLANTATION DRIVE. THE GOVERNMENT HAD DISTRIBUTED 30 PLANTS EACH TO DIFFERENT
SCHOOLS IN THE CITY.

16. EARTHQUAKE
• EARTHQUAKE:
• SHAKING OF EARTH DUE TO RELATIVE MOVEMENT OF PLATES BENEATH EARTH
CRUST. PLATES CONTACT EACH OTHER DUE TO WHICH STRESSES ARISE IN THE
CRUST.

17. EARTHQUAKES CAUSES
• THE EARTH’S CRUST IS A ROCK LAYER OF VARYING THICKNESS RANGING FROM A
DEPTH OF ABOUT 10 KILOMETERS UNDER THE OCEANS TO 65 KILOMETERS UNDER
THE CONTINENTS.
• THE CRUST CONSISTS OF PORTIONS CALLED PLATES
• WHEN THE PLATES CONTACT EACH OTHER, STRESSES ARISE IN THE CRUST.
• TECTONIC MOVEMENTS: THE DISTURBANCES INSIDE THE EARTH ARE CALLED
TECTONIC MOVEMENTS.
• VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS: THE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ARE OFTEN VERY VIOLENT
AND CAUSE VIBRATIONS IN THE EARTH CRUST.

18. 2005 EARTHQUAKE
• THE 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE OCCURRED AT 08:50:39 PAKISTAN
STANDARD TIME ON 8 OCTOBER IN PAKISTAN-ADMINISTERED AREAS OF
KASHMIR. IT WAS CENTERED NEAR THE CITY OF MUZAFFARABAD, AND ALSO
AFFECTED PAKISTAN'S KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE AND INDIAN-
ADMINISTERED JAMMU AND KASHMIR.
• A MAGNITUDE 7.6 QUAKE IN PAKISTAN-ADMINISTERED KASHMIR LEFT MORE
THAN 75,000 PEOPLE DEAD
• APPROXIMATELY 138,000 WERE INJURED AND OVER 3.5 MILLION RENDERED
HOMELESS.

19. RECONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION
• RESPONDING TO SHELTER NEEDS IN POST-EARTHQUAKE PAKISTAN
• ASSESSING CHALLENGES
• SHELTER PROGRAMME
• ESTABLISHMENT OF ERRA

20. PROGRAMME SECTORS
• HOUSING
• REPAIRING AND RECONSTRUCTION OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT HOUSES
• LIVELIHOODS
• PROVIDING THE VICTIMS WITH FUNDS AND NEW LIVELIHOOD
• EDUCATION
• RESTORATION OF EDUCATIONAL SECTORS
• HEALTH
• PROVIDING INJURED PEOPLE WITH IMMEDIATE FIRST AID AND HOSPITALIZING
THEM
• WATER AND SANITATION
• RECONSTRUCTING DAMAGED OR BRAKED PIPE LINES

21. • POWER
• FIXING ELECTRICITY SUPPLY LINES
• TRANSPORTATION
• REBUILDING AND RENEWING WAYS OF TRANSPORTATION
• TOURISM AND INDUSTRY
• RESTORATION OF INDUSTRIES AND TOURISTS SPOTS
• ATABAD LAKE

22. PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT
• SUPPORT FOR EARTHQUAKE-AFFECTED PEOPLE COPE WITH PROLONGED
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AND ACTIVELY CONTRIBUTED TO COMMUNITY
EFFORTS DURING THE POST-EMERGENCY/TRANSITION PERIOD.

23. • HYGIENE PROMOTION
• HYGIENE PROMOTION WAS A KEY COMPONENT TO ENSURE THE SUSTAINABLE
OPERATION AND USE OF THE HARDWARE COMPONENTS WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEMS, SANITATION FACILITIES.

24. • WATER SUPPLY
• WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN FOUR YEARS OF THE EARTHQUAKE REHABILITATION
PROGRAMMED WHICH GAVE ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER FOR 18,300
HOUSEHOLDS

25. Capacity building in Health
Objective: PRCS capacity in emergency health preparedness
and response, and community based primary health care
programming are developed to better serve at risk communities.

26. Estimated Cost of the Earthquake
Category US$
Death & Injury Compensation 205,000,000
Relief 1,092,000,000
Early Recovery 398,000,000
Livelihoods: grant portion 97,000,000
Livelihoods: non-grant portion 12,303,500
Other sectors 288,696,500
Sub-total 301,000,000
Reconstruction 3,503,000,000
Short-term reconstruction 450,000,000
Long-term reconstruction 3,053,000,000

27. Thank You