This document provides an overview of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. It defines biodegradation as the natural breakdown of materials by microbes. It describes the mechanisms of aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation, including the stages of each process. The document also discusses hazardous waste, how it is classified, and methods for treating, disposing of, and remediating hazardous waste to prevent environmental pollution. The overall objectives are to provide an understanding of key waste-related terms and concepts and how waste can be managed.