Biofiltration is a pollution control technique that uses a bioreactor containing living material to biologically degrade pollutants in waste water, surface runoff, or contaminated air. It is a green process that uses small amounts of power compared to thermal or catalytic control units. There are different types of biofilters based on layout, support media used, and shape. The biofiltration process involves contaminated air passing through a moist filter medium that provides conditions for microorganisms to absorb and degrade the contaminants into carbon dioxide through a combination of adsorption, absorption, and microbial degradation. Major considerations for the filter medium include its ability to retain moisture and microbes, provide a large surface area, retain nutrients, and allow low resistance air
Biofiltration is an air pollution control technique which involves bio degradation of contaminants under the action of microorganisms, diffused in a thin layer of moisture known as “BIOFILM”, mainly used for elimination of malodorous gas emissions and low concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).
Use of biofilters for air pollution controlIshaneeSharma
This presentation is about the use of biofilters in air pollution control. Working principle of biofilters, where it is used, its advantages and disadvantages have been discussed in this presentation. Various design parameters are also discussed.
References:
1. https://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/MISC/biofilt/biofiltration.htm
2. https://www3.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/fbiorect.pdf
3. https://civildigital.com/detailed-study-biofilters-controlling-air-pollution-seminar-presentation/
4. https://emis.vito.be/en/techniekfiche/biofilter-0
5. https://www.slideshare.net/AabidMir/biofilters-and-air-pollution-controll/25
Biofiltration is an air pollution control technique which involves bio degradation of contaminants under the action of microorganisms, diffused in a thin layer of moisture known as “BIOFILM”, mainly used for elimination of malodorous gas emissions and low concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).
Use of biofilters for air pollution controlIshaneeSharma
This presentation is about the use of biofilters in air pollution control. Working principle of biofilters, where it is used, its advantages and disadvantages have been discussed in this presentation. Various design parameters are also discussed.
References:
1. https://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/MISC/biofilt/biofiltration.htm
2. https://www3.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/fbiorect.pdf
3. https://civildigital.com/detailed-study-biofilters-controlling-air-pollution-seminar-presentation/
4. https://emis.vito.be/en/techniekfiche/biofilter-0
5. https://www.slideshare.net/AabidMir/biofilters-and-air-pollution-controll/25
Trickling Filter
A trickling filter is a type of wastewater treatment system.
• A trickling filter , also called trickling biofilter, biofilter, biological filter and biological trickling filter , is a fixed-bed, biological
reactor that operates under (mostly) aerobic conditions.
Deals with what is activated sludge, mechanisms and kinetics of treatment, design of activated sludge process, secondary clarifiers and their design and bulking sludge, raising sludge and foaming of ASP.
•Introduction of bioremediation: Bioremediation refers to the process of using microorganisms to remove the environmental pollutants i.e. toxic wastes found in soil, water, air etc.
•In situ bioremediation:
It involves a direct approach for the microbial
degradation of xenobiotics at the sites of pollution
(soil, ground water).
•Types of in situ bioremediation:
Natural attenuation.
Engineered in situ bioremediation.
- Bioventing, biosparging, bioslurping,
phytoremediation.
•Ex situ bioremediation:
Waste or toxic pollutants can be collected from the polluted sites and bioremediation can be carried out at a designated place or site.
• Types of ex situ bioremediation
Land farming, windrow, biopiles, bioreactors.
•Microorganisms use in bioremediation:
A number of naturally occurring marine microbes
such as Pseudomonas sp. is capable of degrading oil and other hydrocarbons.
•Factors affecting bioremediation:
Nutrient availability, moisture content, pH, temperature, contaminant availability.
•References:
Satyanarayana U. Biotechnology. BOOKS AND ALLIED (P) Ltd.
Sharma P.D. Environmental Microbiology. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Gupta P.K. Biotechnology and Genomics. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Biotechnology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Microbiology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Willey/Sherwood/Woolverton. Prescott’s Microbiology. McGRAW-HILL INTERNATIONAL EDITION.
www.sciencedirect.com/bioremediation.
Hydrocarbon are major constituents of crude oil and petroleum. They can be biodegraded by naturally-occurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The ability of microorganisms - bacteria, archaea, fungi, or algae - to break down hydrocarbons is the basis for natural and enhanced bioremediation. To promote biodegradation, amendments such as nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer are often added to stimulate microbial growth and metabolism
Deals with UASB reactors for the primary treatment of sewage, stabilization of sludge and removal of BOD. Various components of a UASB reactor are described and design details are included. Modifications to UASB such as UASB ponds, Anaerobic baffle reactors, migrating blanket reactors are also described here.
Trickling Filter
A trickling filter is a type of wastewater treatment system.
• A trickling filter , also called trickling biofilter, biofilter, biological filter and biological trickling filter , is a fixed-bed, biological
reactor that operates under (mostly) aerobic conditions.
Deals with what is activated sludge, mechanisms and kinetics of treatment, design of activated sludge process, secondary clarifiers and their design and bulking sludge, raising sludge and foaming of ASP.
•Introduction of bioremediation: Bioremediation refers to the process of using microorganisms to remove the environmental pollutants i.e. toxic wastes found in soil, water, air etc.
•In situ bioremediation:
It involves a direct approach for the microbial
degradation of xenobiotics at the sites of pollution
(soil, ground water).
•Types of in situ bioremediation:
Natural attenuation.
Engineered in situ bioremediation.
- Bioventing, biosparging, bioslurping,
phytoremediation.
•Ex situ bioremediation:
Waste or toxic pollutants can be collected from the polluted sites and bioremediation can be carried out at a designated place or site.
• Types of ex situ bioremediation
Land farming, windrow, biopiles, bioreactors.
•Microorganisms use in bioremediation:
A number of naturally occurring marine microbes
such as Pseudomonas sp. is capable of degrading oil and other hydrocarbons.
•Factors affecting bioremediation:
Nutrient availability, moisture content, pH, temperature, contaminant availability.
•References:
Satyanarayana U. Biotechnology. BOOKS AND ALLIED (P) Ltd.
Sharma P.D. Environmental Microbiology. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Gupta P.K. Biotechnology and Genomics. RASTOGI PUBLICATIONS.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Biotechnology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Dubey R.C. A Textbook of Microbiology. S Chand And Company Ltd.
Willey/Sherwood/Woolverton. Prescott’s Microbiology. McGRAW-HILL INTERNATIONAL EDITION.
www.sciencedirect.com/bioremediation.
Hydrocarbon are major constituents of crude oil and petroleum. They can be biodegraded by naturally-occurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The ability of microorganisms - bacteria, archaea, fungi, or algae - to break down hydrocarbons is the basis for natural and enhanced bioremediation. To promote biodegradation, amendments such as nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer are often added to stimulate microbial growth and metabolism
Deals with UASB reactors for the primary treatment of sewage, stabilization of sludge and removal of BOD. Various components of a UASB reactor are described and design details are included. Modifications to UASB such as UASB ponds, Anaerobic baffle reactors, migrating blanket reactors are also described here.
Bio oxidation- a technology for sustainable pollution controlPriyam Jyoti Borah
Bio-oxidation is a. biological air pollution. control technology. that utilizes bacteria & fungi to biologically absorb and digest vapor-phase VOCs and odorous compounds commonly found in industrial and municipal applications.
Bioremediation is the use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced microorganisms to consume and break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean a polluted site.
and today we need our environment to be clean & lovable to stay healthy and secure future.
A biofilter is a bed of media on which microorganisms attach and grow to form a biological layer.
The layer thus formed is referred as a Bio film.
The biofilm is formed by a community of different microorganisms bacteria, fungi, yeast, macro-organisms like protozoa, worms, insect's larvae, etc.
Use of biotechnology in the treatment of municipal wastes and hazardousindust...Sijo A
Industrial waste water is a type of waste water produced by industrial activity, such as that of factories, mills and mines.
It is characterised by its large volume, high temperature, high concentration of biodegradable organic matter and suspended solids, high alkanity or acidity and by variations of flow.
The treatment of wastes by micro-organisms is called biological waste treatment.
A detailed presentation on current hot emerging topic BIOREMEDIATION explaining the process and the needs with advantages and disadvantages of the same
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
2. INTRODUCTION
2
Biofiltration is a pollution control technique
using a bioreactor containing living material
to capture and biologically degrade pollutants.
Common uses include processing waste water,
capturing harmful chemicals or silt
from surface runoff, and microbiotic
oxidation of contaminants in air.
3. WHY IS BIOFILTRATION
IMPORTANT
• Bio filtration is a relatively recent air pollution control (APC)
technology in which off-gases containing biodegradable volatile
organic compounds (VOC) or inorganic air toxics are vented
through a biologically active material.
• The process involved (bio reaction) is a green process.
• Thermal and catalytic control units consume large volumes of
expensive fuel.
• Bioreactors only use small amounts of electrical power to drive two
or three small motors.
• Normally, bioreactors do not require full-time labor and the only
operating supplies needed are small quantities of macronutrients.3
4. TYPES OF BIOFILTERS
1. ON THE BASIS OF LAYOUT:
Open Bed : Uncovered and Exposed to all
Weather conditions.
Closed Bed: Enclosed with a small exhaust
port for venting of cleaned air.
2. ON THE BASIS OF SUPPORT MEDIA
Compost Bio Filter: Soil, Peat,
Compost material is used.
Synthetic Bio Filter: Ceramic, Plastic
(BTX)
4
5. 5
3.ON THE BASIS OF SHAPE
Horizontal biofilters:
These are designed to have a larger footprints
These are relatively inexpensive and the cost of setting up is
easy.
Moreover these type of biofilters are easy maintain.
Vertical biofilters:
These are designed to reduce the footprint required.
This type of biofilters Use less surface area compared to
Horizontal.
Compared to others, this type of biofilters are expensive.
Also this filter is not easy to maintain.
6. 2. THEORY OF BIOFILTER
OPERATION
• Biotransformations act along with adsorption, absorption, and
diffusion to remove contaminants from the gaseous stream.
• The gas passes upward through perforated pipes and the biofilter
media bed.
• The contaminants in the gas are either adsorbed onto the solid
particles of the media or absorbed into the water layer that exists on
the media particles.
6
7. • The media of the filter functions both to supply inorganic nutrients and
as a supplement to the gas stream being treated for organic nutrients.
• The absorbed gases are oxidized by the microorganisms to CO2. The
volatile inorganics are also sorbed and oxidized to form calcium salts.
7
8. 8
Process Description
Biofiltration utilizes a supported media for microbial growth to
remove odors and organic contaminants from air streams.
The filter consists of a closed chamber containing
contaminant degrading microbes and absorbed water
suspended in a filter medium. The filter medial is designed to
provide a high capacity for water uptake, have a long
working life, and provide a low pressure drop for the gases
passing through the media.
In the biofiltration process, contaminated air is moistened by
a humidifier and is pumped into the biofilter through a
chamber below the filter medium. passes out of the top of
the biofilter and into the atmosphere.
9. 9
. Most biofilters that are in operation today can treat odor and VOCs
add efficiencies greater that 90%. However, the drawback to this
technology is that it can only handle low concentrations of pollutants
(<1000 ppm) and loading rates between 300-500 ft3/ft2-hr.
10. 10
The moist filter medium provides physical and chemical
conditions appropriate for the transfer of contaminants from the air
to the liquid phase and the biodegradation of the contaminants in
the biofilm layer.
The mechanism of the biofiltration
process includes a combination of -
Adsorption
Absorption
Microbial degradation
11. 11
Major considerations when determining
the appropriate filter material include:
Ability to retain moisture to sustain biofilm layer;
Large surface area, both for contaminant absorption and
microbial growth;
Ability to retain nutrients and supply them to microbes as
required;
Low resistance to air flow (minimizes pressure drop and
blower power requirements);
Physical characteristics, such as physical stability and ease
of handling
12. Components of a Bio-filter Unit
MATERIALS used for bed media –
peat, composted yard waste, bark, coarse soil, gravel or plastic
shapes
Oyster shells
for neutralizing acid build-up
fertilizer
for macronutrients(are mixed with bed media
FAN
used to collect contaminated air, as the emissions flow through
the bed media, the pollutants are absorbed by moisture on the
bed media. Microbes reduce pollutant concentrations by
consuming and metabolizing pollutants. During the digestion
process, enzymes in convert compounds into energy, CO2 and
water. Material that is indigestible is left over and becomes
residue.
15. 15
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
BIOFILTRATION
• The main advantage of using biofiltration over other more
convention control methods are lower capita costs, lower
operating costs, low chemical usage, and no combustion
source.
• Biofiltration units can be designed to physically fit into any
industrial setting. A biofiltration unit can be designed as
any shape, size or as an open field with the piping and
delivery system underground. In addition, biofilters can be
designed with stacked beds to minimize space
requirements and multiple units can be run in parallel
17. conclusion
Biofiltration plays very important role in control of air pollution.
Biofilter, like all systems follows laws of conservation & mass
balance.
Biofilter is successful only when microbial ecosystem is healthy &
vigorous.
The design of biofilter system requires a detailed understanding of
site, conditions, site limitations, system components & costs.