Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms, like microbes and bacteria, in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments.

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Bioremediation by microorganisms
• Methods of bioremediation:-
1- Insitu bioremediation
2- Exsitu bioremediation
• Bioremediation of hydrocarbons
• Bioremediation of industrial wastes
• Bioremediation of Xenobiotics
• Advantages & Disadvantages.
• References.

3. INTRODUCTION
•Bioremediation is the use of living organism to degrade
environmental pollutants.
•It is a combination of two words, “bio” + “
remediation”.
•Alcaligens luteus produce- ‘superbioabsorbent’,
composed of glucose & glucuronic acid,used to remove
hazardous chemicals.
•The basis of bioremediation is the enormous natural
capacity of degradation.
•Bioremediation technology using Microbes was
reportedly invented by George M. Robinson.

5. INSITU BIOREMEDIATION:-
1. Bioventing
2. Biosparging
3. Bioaugmentation
EXSITU BIOREMEDIATION:-
1. Land Farming
2. Composting
3. Slurry Phase Treatment
Methodsofbioremediation

6. Insitu bioremediation:-
which involves the
contact b/w MO’s & the
contaminants for
biotransformation.

7. Intrinsic bioremediation
Pseudomonas

8. Exsitu bioremediation
•Solid-phase treatment:- includes organic wastes
(leaves, animal manures, agricultural wastes etc.)
1- Composting:- it is a self heating process, suitable to the
treatment of large amount of contaminated solid materials.
composting

9. Process of composting

10. Slurry phase treatment
 Contaminated solid materials (soil, sediments etc),
MO’s & water formulated into slurry are brought
within a bioreactor.

11. Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon by Mixture of MO’s

12. Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons by GMO:-

13. Bioremediation of Industrial wastes : Dyes

14. Bioremediation of Heavy metals

15. Bioremediation of Xenobiotics

16. Advantages of bioremediation
• Bioremediation is a natural process.
• Many compounds that are legally considered to be
hazardous can be transformed to harmless
products.
• Instead of transferring contaminants from one
environmental medium to another, for example,
from land to water or air, the complete destruction
of target pollutants is possible.
• Bioremediation can often be carried out on site,
often without causing a major disruption of normal
activities.
• Less expensive than other technologies.

17. Disadvantages of bioremediation
•Limited to compounds that are biodegradable.
•Bioremediation often takes longer than other
treatment options such as excavation & removal of
soil.
•Sometimes there are very toxic byproducts formed
during bioremediation.
•Not all compounds are susceptible to rapid and
complete degradation-DDT. PCBs etc.

18. REFERENCES
• A Textbook of Biotechnology by R. C. Dubey.
• A Textbook of Microbiology by R.P. Singh.
• A Textbook of Microbiology by Dubey & Maheshwari
• A Textbook of Biotechnology by U. Satyanarayana
• Microbiology- 7th Edition by Prescott, Harley and Klein’s