Biochips are small-scale devices analogous to integrated circuits that are constructed of or used to analyze organic molecules associated with living organisms. There are two main types of biochips: 1) those constructed of large organic molecules like proteins that can perform data storage and processing like computers, and 2) those capable of performing rapid small-scale biochemical reactions to identify things like gene sequences, pollutants, or other biochemical constituents. Biochips work by emitting a light beam through a fluidic channel that objects passing through will distort, allowing detection of small intensity changes. While biochips raise privacy issues and concerns about control, they also have advantages like identifying individuals uniquely, performing thousands of biochemical reactions quickly, and aiding in medical diagnosis and analytical

1. INTRODUCTION
Biochip, small-scaledevice, analogous to an integrated circuit,
constructed of or used to analyze organic molecules associated
with living organisms. One type of theoreticalbiochip is a small
device constructed of large organic molecules, such as proteins,
and capable of performing the functions (data storage,
processing) of an electroniccomputer. The other type of biochip is
a small device capable of performing rapid small-scale
biochemicalreactions for the purpose of identifying gene
sequences, environmental pollutants, airborne toxins, or other
biochemical constituents.
Biochip Informatics Technology For Electronic
& Communication Engineering

2. WORKING PRINCIPLE
The biochip consists of a fluidic channel and a curved
waveguide buried in the glass. A Gaussian beam emitted by a
single mode fiber is coupled into the biochip waveguide and
diverges to illuminate a small length of the fluidic channel.
When objects pass through the fluidic channel, they
momentarily distort the beam intensity profile. The light
coming out of the biochips is then refocused onto a four-quad
detector to monitor small changes of intensity

3. BIOCHIP DISADVANTAGES
 They raise criticalissues of personal privacy.
 They mark the end of human freedom and dignity.
 They may not be supported by large % of people.
 There is a danger of turning every man, women, and Child into a
controlled slave.
 They can be implanted into one’s body without their knowledge.
BIOCHIP ADVANTAGES
 To rescue the sick.
 To find lost people.
 To locate downed children and wandering Alzheimer’s Patients.
 To identify person uniquely.
 They can perform thousands of biologicalreactions operations in
few seconds.
 In monitoring health condition of individuals in which they are
specificallyemployed.
 They can perform thousands of biochemicalreactions.

4. BIOCHIP APPLICATION
Biochip analytical technology shows high throughput property for
multi-samples measurement, so can reduce the required amount of
samples and time used for determination. The technology quickly
developed in recent years and has been applied in medical diagnosis
and other analyticalareas including gene chip, protein chip, lab-on-a-
chip, tissue microarray,cell microarray, and carbohydrate microarray
and so on. This paper overviewedthe current development of biochip
technology, and explored the perspective of its application.
Group Member
1. Nazakat Hussain (425-2018A) (EL)
2. Sujhaat Hussain (888-2018A) (EL)
3. Sharuf ud din (606-2018) (EL)
4. Kausar Hussain (1125-2018) (EL)
5. Mubashir Jamal (541-2018) (EL)
Project Supervisor:
Sir Asif Ahmed
Project Co-Supervisor:
Sir Mohammad Ishaque
Group Leader:
Nazakat Hussain