This document discusses liver function tests and provides normal levels for various liver proteins and enzymes. It also gives equations and examples for calculating levels of alkaline transferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) from absorption test results. Finally, it provides interpretations of high or normal levels of different proteins and enzymes as indicators of possible liver diseases, biliary obstruction, bone diseases, or alcohol abuse.

1. Biochemistry Practical
(Liver Function Tests)
By : Osama Al-Zahrani
@OSAMA_Z96

2. Normal Levels Liver Protein & Enzymes
7 - 55 U/LAlkaline Transferase (ALT)1
8 - 48 U/LAspartate Transferase (AST)2
45 - 115 U/LAlkaline Phosphatase (ALP)3
3.5 - 5 g/dLAlbumin4
6.3 - 7.9 g/dLTotal protein5
0.1 - 1.2 mg/dLBilirubin6
9 - 48 U/LGamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)7
122 - 222 U/LLactate Dehydrogenase (LD)8
9.5 - 13.5 secondsProthrombin Time (PT)9
Normal blood test results for typical liver function tests include:

3. Sample Start (25C) :
Sample : 200 uL
Monoreagent : 1000 uL
340 nm X 925
Monoreagent : (4 Part of R1 + 1 Part of R2) Mix
Alkaline Transferase (ALT)

4. Equation:
ALT (U/L) = Absorption test × 925 =
Example :
If the Absorption test = 0.050 ml
Then : ALT = 0.050 × 925 = 46.25 U/L (Normal).
Alkaline Transferase (ALT)

5. Sample Start (25C) :
Sample : 100 uL
Monoreagent : 1000 uL
405 nm X 1158
Monoreagent : (4 Part of R1 + 1 Part of R2) Mix
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)

6. Equation:
GGT (U/L) = Absorption test × 1158 =
Example :
If the Absorption test = 0.030 ml
Then : ALT = 0.030 × 1158 = 34.74 U/L (Normal).
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)

7. - If the Alkaline Transferase (ALT) & Aspartate Transferase (AST) was High
& Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was Normal :
Indicate Liver Diseases.
- If the Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) & Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) was High :
Indicate Biliary obstruction.
- If the Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was High :
Indicate Bone Diseases.
- If the Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) was High :
Indicate Alcohol Abuse.
Interpretation of the result