Biochemistry and biomolecules vol 2 issue 2

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Metabolome
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 Biochemical processes
 Molecular-scale
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Dr.Ashok Kumar Kulkarni
Department of Physiology, MediCiti Institute of
Medical Sciences, Medchal. Secunderabad (A.
P), India
Dr. Promila Sharma
Department of Biotechnology,
Graphic Era University,
Uttarakhand, India
Dr. Brijesh Pandey
Amity University,
Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
Dr. P Mary Anupama
Department of Biotechnology, ANITS,
Sangivalasa, Visakhapatnam (A.P.), India
Dr. S. Seethalaksmi
Vivekanandha College of Arts & Sciences for
women, Periyar University, Elayampalayam,
Tiruchengod
Dr. Biswajit Majumdar
Calcutta University, Institute of Post Graduate
Medical Education and Research [IPGMER]
/University College of Medicine [UCM]
Dr. Agnishwar Girigoswami
Medical Bio-nanotechnology, Faculty of Allied
Health Sciences Chettinad Academy of Research
& Education Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
Dr.Arun Kumar
Department of Biochemistry,
Manipal College of Medical Sciences,
Nepal
Dr. Durgadas Govind Naik,
Management and Science University,
Malaysia
Ashish Runthala
Department of Biological Sciences, Birla
Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani
(Rajasthan), India
Dr. Indraneel Ghosh
Manager Systems Biology Department Sun
Pharmaceuticals Advanced Research Centre
Limited, Vadodara (Gujarat), India
Dr. Yousef Rasmi
Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
(UMSU) Urmia, Iran
Ajay Kumar
Galgotias University, Greater Noida (U.P.),
India
Dr. Arvind Diwan
Mahatma Gandhi Mission Institute of Health
Sciences, Maharashtra, India
Dr. Ir. Sreenivas Reddy Bathula
Department of Biotechnology, Bapuji Institute of
Engineering & Technology, Karnataka,
India
Dr. Dinesh Kumar
Horticulture (Post harvest Technology)
National Research Centre for Citrus, Nagpur
(Maharahtra), India
Dr. Ir. Sreenivas Reddy Bathula
Department of Biotechnology, Bapuji Institute of
Engineering & Technology, Karnataka,
India
Dr. Lonchin Suguna
Department of Biochemistry Central Leather
Research Institute Adyar, Chennai,
India
Dr. S Chidananda Sharma
Department of Microbiology and
Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Karnataka,
India
Prof. Dheera Sanadhya
Jaipur National University,
Rajasthan,
India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Rajat Banerjee
Department of Biotechnology, University of
Calcutta, India
Dr. B. C. Guha
Centre for Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, India
Jay Prakash Sah
Pokhara University, Nepal
Dr. K.S. Karthikeyan
Endocrinology and Metabolism Division,
National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council
of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
Dr. Saher Mahmood Aljamali
Biology Department,
Kufa University, Iraq
Dr. M. Anusuyadevi Jayachandran
Molecular Gerontology Laboratory,
Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan
University, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Devarakonda Srinivasa Rao
Department of Biotechnology Acharya
Nagarjuna University, Guntur (DT),
India
Dr. Shashi Bhushan
Food and Nutraceutical Lab, Division of
Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan
Bioresource Technology, India
Dr. Shikha Suman
Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu
University, Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh),
India
Dr. Vishwanath B Chachadi
Deptartment of Biochemsitry,
Karnatak University, Dharwad,
India
Dr. Tashfeen Ashraf
Assistant Professor, Gautam Buddha University,
UP, India
Dr. Vishwas Tripathy
Assistant Professor, Gautam Buddha
University, UP, India

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
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the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Biochemistry and
Biomolecules issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of
emergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Biochemistry and
Biomolecules as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of
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Biomolecules,addressing researchers and practitionersinthisarea.
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biochemistry,Proteolysis,Biologicalmacro and small molecule,Biochemicalprocesses etc.
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It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Biochemistry and
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Biomolecules.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. Antimicrobial and Antioxidants Screening Through Phytochemical Evaluation and Nutrient Analysis of
Different Medicinal Trees
Swati Bhardwaj 1
2. Investigation of Systemic Acquired Resistance Establishment in Tomato Plants
by Application of Marigold Extract
Kumari Anukrati 14
3. A Report: New COMPASS Platform Points Directly to Protein's Likely Structure
Surjit Sharma 25
4. Understanding Structure of HIV-1 Protease Vital to Development of Next-Generation HIV Drugs
Anuradha Chaudhary 27
5. Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Different Leaf Extracts of Murraya koenigii
Rashmi, Jyoti Bisht, Naveen G 29
Contents

IJBB (2016) 1-13 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Antimicrobial and Antioxidants Screening Through
Phytochemical Evaluation and Nutrient Analysis of Different
Medicinal Trees
Swati Bhardwaj*
Codon Biotech Private Limited, Noida, U.P., India
ABSTRACT
The aim of present study is to detailed comparison of various extracts of aerial parts of
Neem, Jamun and Mast Tree as potent anti-oxidative and antimicrobial agent and their
protein sequences in an attempt to provide a direction for further research. The purpose of
extraction was to check the antioxidant activities of leaves and stem barks of testing plant by
using different in vitro antioxidant assays. Well diffusion method is used for antibacterial
activity determination against 4 different strains of bacteria. Protein profiling in the high-
throughput mode is a most helpful procedure that permits development of reference
databases for cells and tissues and execution of relative proteomics. In this paper we report
the consequences of such studies keeping in mind the end goal to arrange future
examinations towards the finding of new, strong and safe cancer prevention agent and
antimicrobial mixes and framing the reason for cutting edge proteomic investigations.
Keywords: antioxidant, antibacterial, proteomics
INTRODUCTION
Various researches have been conducted in
the field of aromatic and medicinal plants.
It is concluded that these plants are the
sources of different nutrient and non-
nutrient chemicals, many of which shows
antioxidant and antimicrobial quality.
These properties can protect the human
body against both cellular oxidation
reactions and pathogens.
Therefore, it is important to distinguish
different types of medicinal plants for their
antioxidant and antimicrobial
prospective.[1–3]
Plant medicines are the oldest medication
known to people. In the present scenario,
the requirements for plant products are
growing expending all over the world.
There are various publications in many
journals, national and international; we
find an increasing number of research
publications based on herbal drugs.[4]
For
thousands of years the useful qualities of
plants have been identified in the Indian
tradition.
Every part of these trees has some
medicinal property. They have been
broadly used in ayurveda, unani and
homoeopathic medicine.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collection of Plant Materials
Aerial parts viz. leaves and bark of
Azadirachta indica, Polyalthia longifolia,
Syzygium cumini Linn were collected
locally; air dried separately in shade and
then was coarsely powdered by using
grinder (Table 1).

IJBB (2016) 14–24 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 14
Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Investigation of Systemic Acquired Resistance Establishment in
Tomato Plants by Application of Marigold Extract
Kumari Anukrati*
Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
ABSTRACT
In this study an effort was made to understand the impact of marigold leaf extract on the
expression and activity of defense enzymes; Peroxidase (POX) and Catalase and their ability
to induce defense response in tomato plants. Effect of aqueous leaf extract of T. erecta was
observed on activity of PR proteins POX and Catalase on seven week old tomato plants.
Aqueous leaf extract of T. erecta was sprayed on the third nodal leaves from the base of each
plant 7 week old tomato plants and activity of PR proteins POX and Catalase was studied.
The extract was sprayed to 3rd
nodal leaves of the host plants and the enzyme activities of the
above stated proteins were assayed in the untreated leaves of the same plants. The results
gave an outlook of induced changes in host plant due to introduction of a foreign component
to the plant. The host plant tends to reduce its PR protein activity initially, but gradually it
attains its normal expression, thereby, proving that marigold leaf extract do not impart any
deleterious effect on the host plant.
Keywords: catalase, enzyme, peroxidase
INTRODUCTION
Tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum) is the
world’s largest vegetable crop. Tomato is
a herb, usually a sprawling plant
belonging to the Solanaceae family,
widely cultivated for its edible fruit. The
fruit is considered a vegetable and has a
distinctive red color when ripe. It is a
native of South America with a center of
diversity in Peru. Thousands of cultivars
have been selected and bred which vary in
shape, size, and color.
Why tomato was chosen as a host:
Tomato was decided for the work in light
of its financial significance for all tropical
and sub-tropical locales of the world.
It is agreeable to creating pharmaceuticals,
especially for oral conveyance; for a
considerable lot of similar reasons, it is a
famous vegetable. Its natural product does
not contain poisonous substances and is
tasteful uncooked. High temperature stress
is known to lessen natural product set in
tomato.
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a
mechanism of induced defense that
provides long-lasting protection to plants
against pathogen. The systemic acquired
resistance follows a prior localized
exposure to a pathogen or a biotic elicitor.
SAR is similar to the innate immune
system that is found in animals, and thus
conferring immunization to plants. In
order to respond to pathogen, plants use
pattern-recognition receptors to identify
the microorganism, this recognition thus
triggers an immune response. The
first plant receptors of conserved
microbial signatures were identified in

Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
A Report: New COMPASS Platform Points Directly to Protein's
Likely Structure
Surjit Sharma
Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, Jaipur, India
Searching for the precise, complexly
folded three-dimensional structure of a
protein can resemble hacking through a
wilderness without a guide: a long,
intensive process with uncertain direction.
University of Illinois scientists developed
another approach, named COMPASS that
focuses specifically to a protein's likely
structure utilizing a combination of
advanced molecular spectroscopy
techniques, prescient protein- folding
algorithms and image recognition
software.
Chad Rienstra, a Chemistry Professor and
their team showed this process. They have
taken a process that would take months
and brought it down to hours, said Joseph
Courtney, an Illinois graduate student.
They expect this to not only accelerate the
rate at which they can study proteins, but
also increase its repeatability and the
reliability.
Proteins carry out functions inside the cell,
and those functions are determined by the
proteins' exact structures - the way they
overlap and turn into a many-sided three-
dimensional shape.
Many diseases are caused about by a
protein that is not acting effectively, or
there is a lot of it. On the off chance that
you can comprehend what the proteins
appear as though, you can examine how
they work, and you can configuration
medications and medicines for those
infections," Courtney said. "A noteworthy
advantage is that on the off chance that
you can design a drug to perfectly fit a
single protein that eliminates reactions,
because it won't interact with other
molecules."
One key strategy for deciding a protein's
share is a technique called X-ray
crystallography. In any case, many
medically interesting proteins - for
instance, the fibrils that describe
Parkinson's disease - do not form crystals,
so researchers have swung to more
progressed spectroscopic systems. Those
systems oblige months to years of
intensive data collection and analysis,
taking various readings and measurements
of the protein's spectrum.
The Illinois group saw a chance to take
advantage in structure prediction
algorithms,, computational models that
generate various conceivable ways a
protein could fold base on its sequence.
"The real deficiency of those displaying
methodologies is that they never know
whether they're correct," Rienstra said.
"It's awesome to have models, yet despite
everything it leaves a great many potential
outcomes. We require some sort of test
information to figure out which is the
correct one."
For COMPASS, the researchers depend
upon a single spectrum measurement
utilizing a technique called nuclear
magnetic resonance, which gives a
molecular “fingerprint” no two protein
structures have a same spectrum [1]. The
COMPASS platform takes a gander at the
conceivable structures produced by the

Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Understanding Structure of HIV-1 Protease Vital to Development
of Next-Generation HIV Drugs
Anuradha Chaudhary
Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, has
turned out to be one of the world's most
serious health and advancement
challenges. At present, there are roughly
36.9 million individuals living with HIV
and a huge number of individuals have
died of AIDS-related causes since the
beginning of the epidemic in 1981. HIV
not affects the health of individuals, it
impacts households, and the communities
and development and economic growth of
nations there is still no cure
(https://www.ornl.gov/).
HIV treatment incorporates
pharmaceuticals to prevent and treat the
numerous opportunistic infections that can
happen when the immune system is
compromised by HIV, and in addition the
utilization of antiretroviral treatment
(ART) to attack the virus itself, with the
halting the development of AIDS. ART,
initially presented in 1996, has prompted
to dramatic reductions in morbidity and
mortality; all around, 40% of individuals
living with HIV are accepting treatment.
HIV-1 protease is an enzyme in charge of
development of virus particles into
infectious HIV virions, which eventually
prompts to the development of AIDS.
Without effective HIV-1 protease activity,
HIV virions remain non-infectious with
this essential part in HIV replication, the
disruption of HIV-1 protease action is
along these lines a key focus for effective
ART drugs (https://www.ornl.gov/).

Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Different
Leaf Extracts of Murraya koenigii
Rashmi, Jyoti Bisht*, Naveen G
Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Ram Rai Post Graduate College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
ABSTRACT
Murraya koenigii also known as a curry-leaf tree is use as a medicinal plant in India. In the
present study, different phytochemicals were extracted and tested against Bacillus cereus,
Pseudomonas aeuriginosa and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method.
Alkaloid, carbohydrate, tannins, terepnoids were present in all extracted samples, however
cardiac glycosides and phylobatannins were extracted only in methanolic and ethanolic
extracts of plant leaves sample. In all solvent extract from leaves of M. koenigii and minimum
activity was recorded at 25 ppm of plant extract concentration. Maximum antibiotic activity
was recorded with aqueous extract of leaves against S. aureus. In case of P. aeruginosa, all
extracts were failed to show antibacterial activity.
Keywords: antibacterial leaves extract, M. koenigii, phytochemicals
INTRODUCTION
Various medicinal systems like Ayurveda,
Amchi, etc. and local health traditions are
practiced in India, which utilize a large
number of plants for treatment of various
human and animal diseases. Those plants
used for medicinal purpose are known as
medicinal plants. The medicinal value of
plant depends on numerous active
compounds such as carbohydrates,
proteins, enzymes, oils, terpenoids,
phenolic compounds etc., which are
helpful in improving the life and treatment
of disease. Many plants have antimicrobial
principles such as tannins, essential oils
and other aromatic compounds. These
compounds protect the plant from
microbial infection and Deterioration [1].
The presence of important phytochemicals
makes the plant useful against different
diseases and has a strong of providing
useful drugs of human use.
Phytochemicals are regarded as secondary
metabolites produced at very little amount
as the plant have little need for them. They
are produced naturally in whole parts of
the plant body; like bark, leaves, stem,
root, flower, etc. [2]. The quantity and
quality of phytochemicals present in plant
parts may differ from one part to
another [3].
One of the medicinally important herbs is
M. Koenigii, has a placed in a family
Rutaceae and normally known as curry-
leaf tree. The plant is a local of India, Sri
Lanka and other south Asian nations. It is
discovered wherever in the Indian
subcontinent [4]. The plant is
exceptionally esteemed for its leaves a
vital fixing in an Indian cooking to
advance edacity and processing. The
leaves, root and bark are tonic, for stomach
pain. Leaves are utilized inside as a part of
loose bowels, likewise checking
regurgitating [5]. The leaves and roots are
biting, harsh, cooling, hostile to

Biochemistry and biomolecules vol 2 issue 2

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