International Journal of Obstetrics, Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing vol 2 issue 1

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International Journal of
Obstetrics, Perinatal
& Neonatal Nursing
Jan - June 2016
e-ISSN - 2455-6424
IJOPNN
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International Journal of
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Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing

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International Journal of Obstetrics,
Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing
International Journal of Obstetrics, Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing intends to publish research, review and
short articles related to women and child care. The goal of the Journal is to enhance the knowledge and
practice in closely related fields of obstetrics, gynecology and neonatal care. Subject areas suitable for
publicationinclude,butarenotlimitedtothefollowingfields.
Focus and Scope oftheJournal
! Obstetrics and gynecology
! Amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia
! Prenatal diagnosis and screening
! Prenatal nutrition
! Pregnancy and preventive care
! Prenatal nutrition
! Reproductive health
! Fertility
! Prematurity and preterm births
! Birth defects
! Basic neonatal care
! Special care newborn nursery
! Intensive neonatal care
! Neonatal nursing
International Journal of Obstetrics, Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing is published twice a year (bi-annual) by
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Hidam Renubala
Ankita Singh
Akanksha Marwah
Deepika Bhadauria
Commissioning Editors
Priyanka Garg
Chhavi Goel
Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Sushma Kumari Saini
National Institute of Nursing Education,
PGIMER, Chandigarh
Dr. Smriti Arora
Rufaida College of Nursing, Jamia Hamdard,
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi
Dr. Asha P. Shetty
Yenepoya Nursing College; Yenepoya
University, Deralakatte, Mangalore
Dr. Kedar G Mehta
Department of Community Medicine, GMERS
Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara
Dr. S. Vijayalakshmi
Vignesh Nursing College, Kizhanaikarai,
Tiruvannamalai
Dr. Bimla Rani
Bharat College of nursing
Dr. Ramesh Kumari
College of nursing, Opp. Income tax office,
Amritsar, India
Dr. H. Juliet Sylvia
Sacred Heart Nursing College, Ultra trust,
Madurai, India
Mrs. Urmila D Bhardwaj
Department of Nursing, Hamdard
University
Naveen Herold Simon
Shri Venketeshwara University, Gajrola
Dr. A. Judie
SRM College of Nursing, SRM University, SRM
Nagar, Potheri, Tamil Nadu
Dr. Usha Ukande
Choithram College of Nursing, CH&RC Indore
(M.P.), India
Stella Sagaya Mary
Matha college of Nursing, Vaanpuram,
manamadurai, sivagangai Dt, Tamilnadu
Dr. H C L Rawat
University College of Nursing, Baba Farid
University of Health Sciences, Punjab, India
Sibin Joy Vayalil
Community Health Nursing Department &
Research Coordinator Lourdes College of
Nursing
Mr. Shivarajkumar Rajkumar Dandagi
Department of Community Health Nursing,
KLE University Institute of Nursing Sciences,
Nehru Nagar, Belgaum (Karnataka), India
Gita Razdan
College of Nursing, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
Dharitri Swain
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
(AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Sijua (Odisha), India
Dr. C. Susila
Billroth College of Nursing, Chennai,
India

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the Second Volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Obstetrics, Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing. This
journal is part of the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Nursing
issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of
emergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Nursing as an emerging and
increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical investigations.
Its mission is to become a voice of the Nursing Science community, addressing researchers and practitioners
inthisarea.
The core vision of International journal of Obstetrics, Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing in JournalsPub is to
propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and
professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Nursing in general.
JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-
time&successfully.
International Journal of Obstetrics, Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing focuses on original high-quality
research in the realm of Obstetrics and gynecology, Amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, Prenatal
nutrition, Basic neonatal care, Special care newborn nursery, Intensive neonatal care and Neonatal
nursing. The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of
Nursing andsolutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Nursing community.
We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative
platform. We are certain that this very first issue will be followed by many others, reporting new
developmentsinthefieldofNursing.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Nursing readers and will
stimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofNursing.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. Foot Reflexology and Hot Foot Bath as Remedies for Premenstrual Syndrome
Cinu Abdeesso 1
2. Effectiveness of Nursing Care on Postnatal Mothers Immediately After the Delivery
S. Lavanya, R. Danasu 5
3. How to Attain Normalcy in Childbirth?
Usha Ukande 11
4. A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Importance of Breastfeeding Among
Mothers at Bebe Nanki Mother and Child Care Center, SGTB Hospital Amritsar (Punjab)
Sandeep Kaur, Shipa Kaur, Kulwinderjit Kaur 14
5. Assessment of Knowledge and Expressed Practice Regarding Menstrual Hygiene Among the Adolescent
Girls of Govt. Girls Senior Secondary School, Lakkar Bazar, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
Krishna Chauhan, Usha Mehta, Veena Ranaut 19
Contents

IJOPNN (2016) 1–4 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Obstetrics, Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing
ISSN: 2455-6424 (online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Foot Reflexology and Hot Foot Bath as Remedies for
Premenstrual Syndrome
Cinu Abdeesso*
M.G.M.M.M.C College of Nursing, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is defined as the occurrence of physical, emotional and
behavioral symptoms in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. PMS symptoms start 5 to 11
days before menstruation and disappear once menstruation begins. PMS is most common in
women between 20 years old and 40 years old, but can occur in any woman of childbearing
age.3 out of every 4 women are affected with one or other premenstrual syndrome symptoms
and 3–8% women are associated with impairment in interpersonal or workplace functioning
and substantial negative impact in personal, social and occupational domains. The suicide
rate for patients with depression is much higher in the second half of the menstrual cycle (14
days before the period begins). According to NWHIC 30–40% women suffer some
impairment of daily activity, 75% women have some or other PMS symptoms; 3–8% women
have severe PMS. Since premenstrual syndrome symptoms are distressing and disabling for
majority of women during a significant portion of their reproductive years, it is essential to
conduct awareness programs regarding pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management
strategies to the public. Repeated use of Chemical drugs may cause so many side effects to
the body. So it is better to train the women to practice alternative and complementary
therapies like reflexology, hot foot bath and yoga programs which are simple and safe and
not causing any harm to the human body.
Keywords: acupressure, foot reflexology, hot foot bath therapy, luteal phase, premenstrual
syndrome
*Corresponding Author
E-mail: cinusony@yahoo.com
INTRODUCTION
PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
Premenstrual syndrome is the physical and
emotional symptoms that occur in the
luteal phase of the menstruation that is
usually one to two weeks before a
woman’s period and subsides around the
start of bleeding. Premenstrual syndrome
symptoms are seen in around of 95% of
women and may experience physical and
mental symptoms. Often symptoms are
present for around six days. It is estimated
that as many as 3 of every 4 menstruating
women have experienced some form of
premenstrual syndrome.[1,2]
Causes
The exact cause of Premenstrual syndrome
is unknown. The factors contributing to
PMS are Hormonal fluctuations taking
place in the body during premenstrual
period. Chemical changes in the brain such
as neurotransmitter changes the mood
states of the women which in turn trigger
premenstrual syndrome Decreased
serotonin level causes premenstrual
depression, fatigue, increased hunger and
sleep problems during premenstrual period

IJOPNN (2016) 5-10 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 5
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Effectiveness of Nursing Care on Postnatal Mothers Immediately
After the Delivery
S. Lavanya1
*, R. Danasu2
Kasturba Gandhi Nursing College, MGMC&RI, Puducherry, India
Sri Manakula Vinayakar College of Nursing, Puducherry, India
Abstract
Postnatal mothers are at risk as most of the deaths occur in this period, when compared to
during pregnancy and childbirth. Postnatal care should be a continuation of care the women
has received through her pregnancy and labour. It aims to provide consistency of advice and
support for recovery from pregnancy and childbirth. The objectives of the study were to
assess health condition of the postnatal mothers immediately after the delivery, to provide
nursing care for postnatal mothers immediately after the delivery, to evaluate the
effectiveness of nursing care for postnatal mothers immediately after the delivery, to find out
the association between demographic variables and health status of postnatal mothers. Pre-
experimental research design was used. The study was conducted in postnatal ward at
headquarters hospital, Kancheepuram. Thirty postnatal mothers were selected immediately
after the delivery based on convenient sampling technique. The data were collected from the
postnatal mothers for a period of 6 weeks by using the structured assessment tool.
Assessment of postnatal mothers was done immediately after the delivery till 24 hours.
Nursing care was given after each assessment. The result shows that during assessment
phase, 25(83.3%) had severe health deterioration, 5(16.6%) had mild health deterioration,
26(86.6%) had normal health status and 4(13.3%) had mild health deterioration. The
improvement score mean and SD was 17 and 2.258, respectively. The ‘t’ value was 41.26,
less than the table value at p<0.05, so it was concluded that the nursing care is effective for
postnatal mothers immediately after the delivery. There was statistically no association
between nursing care of postnatal mothers and demographic variables.
Keywords: health status, nursing care, postnatal care
INTRODUCTION
Every women feels that being a mother is
the most gifted position in her life. Child
birth is a moment of joy, at the same time
it is a time of pain and stress. Labour as a
life event, is characterized by tremendous
psychological changes that requires major
behavioural adjustment in a short period of
time. The postnatal period starts about an
hour after the delivery of the placenta and
includes the following six weeks. The
postpartum care (PPC) is an important
opportunity to assess the physical and
psychosocial health of the mother. The
first hours, days and weeks after childbirth
are a dangerous time for both mother and
newborn infant. Among them more than
500,000 women who die each year due to
complications of pregnancy and childbirth,
most deaths occur during or immediately
after childbirth. The postnatal period
marks a time of social and emotional
change for mothers. At the same time they
are with the demands of caring for their

IJOPNN (2016) 11–13 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 11
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
How to Attain Normalcy in Childbirth?
Usha Ukande
Choithram College of Nursing, Indore, India
Abstract
Procreation is nature’s most basic way of creating and sustaining the biosphere. Childbirth,
as in animals, is a normal process in human beings too. Too much medicalization of this
normal process has forced social and health professionals to rethink as to where things have
gone beyond a reasonable limit and what can be done to bring normalcy to the nature’s
beautiful event called childbirth. Cannot we help a pregnant woman to enjoy her pregnancy
and childbirth? The answer is, yes, we can do this by using “Midwifery model of care.”
Nurses and midwives can encourage and allow women to experience the un-medicated,
blissful life experience of pregnancy, and childbirth. Through this model, pregnant women
are prepared physically, psychologically, emotionally, socially as well as spiritually for
motherhood. Using holistic process, midwife empowers the mother to take decision about her
health promotional activities during pregnancy. Use of non-pharmaceutical methods of pain
relief such as acupressure through SP6 point, massage, sitting on birthing ball, further help
the woman to go through the first stage of labor smoothly with lot of ease. WHO recommends
delivering low risk women by skilled midwives that is cost effective and desirable. This is
possible by identifying low-risk pregnancies and, creating alongside normal birthing units
adjoining obstetrical units in hospitals run by midwives.
Keywords: low risk pregnancy, midwifery model of care, normal childbirth, WHO
INTRODUCTION
Pregnancy and childbirth are supposed to
normal processes. However, over the
decades especially in cities, these
processes are considered to be requiring
care in the hospitals, which are meant for
patients. Medicalization of natural process
of child bearing has changed the attitude of
most women toward this blissful life event
into a dreadful happening needing
visitation and treatment by physicians.
As soon as the woman is pregnant she
needs to get registered with the
obstetrician either in the private clinic or in
a hospital OPD. There, instead of advising
her to welcome and experience the events
associated with hormonal changes that
normally happen in pregnancy such as
morning sickness, and other minor
problems with positive attitude toward
pregnancy and dealing with them by using
age old tested home remedies, they are
given medicines to stop or to deal with
them.[1]
“Pop a Pill” for every minor
illness has become the routine even with
pregnancy related minor discomforts.
Throughout the period of pregnancy the
medical model of care has become the
trend. There is a rapid increase in the
development and use of a number of
practices designed to start, augment,
accelerate, and regulate the physiological
process of labor. Pregnant women are
addressed as patients and treated as like
other ill patients “as if they are suffering

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice
Regarding Importance of Breastfeeding Among Mothers at Bebe
Nanki Mother and Child Care Center, SGTB Hospital Amritsar
(Punjab)
Sandeep Kaur, Shipa Kaur, Kulwinderjit Kaur*
Government Nursing College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
Abstract
The study was to assess the level of knowledge and practice regarding importance of
breastfeeding among mothers at Bebe Nanki Mother and Child Care Center, SGTB Hospital
Amritsar, Punjab. The research methodology adopted for this study was descriptive in
nature. Forty mothers were selected for this by using convenient sampling method. Data was
collected by using structured interview schedule. Major findings of the study included overall
mean awareness score being 4.84 and practice score was 8.46. These findings showed that
mothers have inadequate knowledge regarding breastfeeding but there was proper practice
of breastfeeding.
Keywords: breastfeeding, knowledge, newborn, nursing
INTRODUCTION
A newborn baby has only three demands.
They are warmth in the arms of its mother,
food from her breasts and security in the
knowledge of her presence. Breastfeeding
satisfy all three.
Grandly Dick
Having a child results in a life full of
happiness and provides meaning to life.
Children are a gift from God. We are their
protectors and gardeners and understand
their needs. We can fulfill their needs by
providing them with proper nourishment,
love, attention, care and good health.
Children’s are needed to keep away from
disease/illness, as today’s children are the
citizens of tomorrow. Mahler, the Director
General of WHO, in 1984, stated that
children are a priceless resource and a
nation that neglects them does so at its
peril. Healthy children are a great resource
and pride of a nation, and their health is
beneficial in order to become productive
adults in future, and for that, their health
should be taken care of, from the
beginning itself. The health of a newborn
is in every aspect related to the health of
its mother during her pregnancy, as a
healthy mother can give birth to a healthy
child.
Also after the birth of the baby, its health
depends upon the nurturing routine
adopted by the family.[1]
Breastfeeding allows you and your baby to
emotionally bond in a special way that
cannot be matched, since breastfeeding
meets both the nutritional and nurturing
needs. Nursing is learned skill for both
mother and baby that require time and
patience.

International Journal of Obstetrics, Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Assessment of Knowledge and Expressed Practice Regarding Menstrual
Hygiene Among the Adolescent Girls of Govt. Girls Senior Secondary
School, Lakkar Bazar, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
Krishna Chauhan*, Usha Mehta, Veena Ranaut
Sister Nivedita Govt. Nursing College, IGMC, Shimla, HP, India
Abstract
Background: Menstruation is a unique physiological phenomenon in females. The onset of
menstruation is considered as one of the most remarkable changes in adolescent girls. It
involves bleeding for 3-5 days from the uterus once a month which occurs throughout the
lifetime till menopause. In India about 24% of total population belongs to adolescent period.
Objectives: The main objectives of the study were: 1. To assess the existing knowledge &
expressed practices regarding menstrual hygiene. 2. To determine the co-relation between
knowledge and practice score. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on adolescent
girls in a selected government school of Himachal Pradesh. The research approach adopted
for the study was descriptive approach. Purposive sampling technique was used and the
sample consisted of 100 adolescent girls. The researcher collected the data by establishing a
rapport with the subject and maintaining confidentiality of their response. The collected data
was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of mean, percentage.
Result: out of total, 86% of samples were prior knowledge about menstrual hygiene and 14 %
of samples were having no prior information regarding menstrual hygiene. 29% adolescent
girls had inadequate knowledge about menstrual hygiene, 71% samples had knowledge about
menstrual hygiene. It is indicated that there is a need to give education regarding menstrual
hygiene to adolescent girls. Conclusion: These findings indicated that there was dire need for
continue education and more regular basis regarding menstrual hygiene to increase adequate
knowledge and develop more favourable practices towards menstrual hygiene.
Keywords: adolescent, assessment, practice, menstrual hygiene
INTRODUCTION
Approximately 24% of the Indian
population belongs to the adolescent stage.
The adolescent phase is considered as a
vital stage, as the next stage that they
would encounter would be adulthood and
parenthood, hence they are the threshold
between childhood and adulthood. They
encounter several physiological,
psychological and developmental changes
during this phase. Menstruation is the first
indication of puberty. During puberty, the
physical changes occur which transform
the body of child into that of an adult,
changes in body size, and changes in body
proportions.[1]
The onset of menstruation can occur
between the ages of 9 to 16 years. A
menstruation cycle occurs approximately
every 28 days and the bleeding lasts for
approximately 5 days. Menstrual flow
consists of blood, mucus, and tissue
particles. The average blood lost during
each cycle is approximately three ounces.
There are various factors that can modify

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International Journal of Obstetrics, Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing vol 2 issue 1