Bio gas
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Biogas is a mixture of methane and other gases produced from the decomposition of organic materials in an oxygen-free environment. It is a renewable energy source that is produced through the fermentation of biomass such as leaves, animal waste, and other agricultural waste in an enclosed biogas plant. Biogas is around 50-60% methane, 30-45% carbon dioxide, and 5-10% hydrogen sulfide. It has a calorific value of 4500-5000 Kcal/m3 and an ignition temperature of 650°C. Approximately 67 m3 of biogas can be produced from 1 ton of biomass feedstock. Biogas has various applications such as cooking, power generation, and fuel for automobiles
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Bio Gas Plant
This document discusses bio gas production from kitchen waste at the Serina Hotel. Bio gas is a gas mixture primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide that is generated through the anaerobic digestion of organic matter. The Serina Hotel produces 700kg of kitchen waste per day that can be used to generate 420 cubic meters of bio gas per day through anaerobic digestion in a fixed dome bio gas plant. The design calculations show that a digester volume of 40.425 cubic meters with a diameter of 3.45 meters and height of 4.31 meters would be required to process the hotel's daily waste of 2450kg over a 15 day retention period.
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Biogas is a renewable energy source produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic waste by bacteria. It is composed primarily of methane (50-70%) and carbon dioxide (30-40%) and has a heating value of about 60% of natural gas.
Biogas has been used as an energy source for over 2000 years and the earliest documented use was in ancient Assyria and China. A biogas digester promotes the decomposition of organic matter in slurry form into biogas. The biogas can then be used for cooking, heating, electricity generation, and fueling vehicles.
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Bio gas
Biogas can be generated from organic wastes through anaerobic digestion to provide a renewable source of energy. It has the benefits of dealing with waste management issues while also producing a clean fuel for cooking, lighting, electricity and transportation. The biogas production process involves several steps of hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis by which bacteria break down biomass into methane and carbon dioxide gas. Common feedstocks and their expected biogas yields are listed to evaluate production potential from various resources.
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A digester may be made up of concrete bricks and cement or steel, usually built underground.
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By products of Sugar Industries
Molasses
Molasses is a viscous by product of refining sugarcane or sugar beets into sugar.
It contain solids, sucrose and reducing sugars.
Total sugar content is 45-55%. Hence it is a valuable raw material for the producton of many value added products.
India has the largest chemical industry in the world using sugarcane molasses to produce acetaldehyde, acetic acid, polyvinyl chloride, synthetic rubber etc.
Citric acid is produced easily from molasses by submerged fermentation.
Bagasse is the fibrous matter that remains after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice.
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SOLID WASTE AND MANAGEMENT BIO GAS PRODUCTION
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Agriculture
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Household
Commercial and Industry
MANAGEMENT :-
Storage
Collection
Transport and Handling
Recyling
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The anaerobic digestion is usually carried out by using are referred to as anaerobic digesters.
A digester may be made up of concrete bricks and cement or steel, usually built underground.
The digester has an inlet attached to a mixing tank feeding cow dung.
The methanogenic bacteria from another digester are also added with cow dung.
The digester is attached to a movable gas holding or storage tank with a gas outlet.
The used slurry comes out from the digester through an outlet. This can be used as a manure.
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Molasses
Molasses is a viscous by product of refining sugarcane or sugar beets into sugar.
It contain solids, sucrose and reducing sugars.
Total sugar content is 45-55%. Hence it is a valuable raw material for the producton of many value added products.
India has the largest chemical industry in the world using sugarcane molasses to produce acetaldehyde, acetic acid, polyvinyl chloride, synthetic rubber etc.
Citric acid is produced easily from molasses by submerged fermentation.
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BIOGAS for Everyone : Simplified for all
A TEXT BOOK : Complete and comprehensive inputs in Learning about Biogas and Biogas digestors:We have tried to take the mystery away from biogas.
Biogas is a renewable energy source with many different production pathways and various excellent opportunities to use.
One main advantage of biogas is the waste reduction potential. Biogas production by anaerobic digestion is popular for treating biodegradable waste because valuable fuel can be produced while destroying disease-causing pathogens and reducing the volume of disposed waste products.
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Perennial Power is establishing a biogas production plant in Faisalabad, Pakistan to provide renewable energy from biomass and other organic waste. The political and economic environment in Pakistan is favorable for renewable energy due to the severe energy crisis. However, high international oil prices pose economic challenges. Socially, biogas can empower women by reducing their workload in collecting biomass fuel and improving health. The company aims to introduce cost-effective renewable energy solutions while contributing positively to the environment and society.
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Bio gas
- 1. BiogasBiogas As an alternative fuel
- 2. What is a bio gas?What is a bio gas? Mixture of methane and other gases produced from the decompossion of organic materials. Biogas is mainly a mixture of methane(50%-60%), carbon di-oxide and hydrogen sulphide. It is produced from bio mass from nature. It is renewable source. 2
- 3. propertiesproperties Property value Calorific value 4500-5000 Kcal/m3 Ignition temperature 650°C Octane rating 130 Air to fuel ratio(stoichiometric) 10:1 Explosive limit to air by volume 5-15 3
- 4. How it produces?How it produces? Produced from biomass( leaves, animal dropping and other agricultural waste) when it is fermented in an anaerobic(oxygen free) manner. Approximately 67 m3 of gas can be produced from 1 ton of biomass. the decomposition process is natural and inevitable. 4
- 5. The bio gas formation mainly happens in three stages. 5
- 6. Bio gas production depends on various factors such as 6
- 7. Composition of biogasComposition of biogas 7 Constituent Percentage Methane 50-60 CO2 30-45 Hydrogen Sulphide 5-10 Nitrogen 0.5-0.7 Water trace
- 8. Biogas plant(BGP)Biogas plant(BGP) An air tight container to facilitate suitable conditions to biomass for biogas production. Also known as biogas digester, biogas reactor, methane reactor or methane generator. Provides biogas as well as bio-fertilizer. 8
- 9. 9
- 10. Components of biogas plantComponents of biogas plant 10
- 11. AdvantagesAdvantages Clear burning of fuel with less emission Low cost Generated from waste Displace fossil fuel Reduce ground water contamination Prevent door pollution Boost rural economy Solves the waste problem for dairy, hog and poultry farmers 11
- 12. DisadvantagesDisadvantages Is corrosive in nature due to presence of HS(hydrogen sulphate) if untreated Flammable and explosive if accumulated in enclosed space Toxic if accumulated due to presence of carbon monoxide 12
- 13. UsesUses as cooking gas for cooking purpose in homes, schools and hotels etc. As alternate fuel for automobile though not useful up to the mark In power generation unit of small capacity 13