This document provides an introduction and overview of bioplastics. It defines key terms like biodegradable, biobased, and standards for compostability. The drivers for bioplastics include being renewable, having reduced environmental impact, and addressing end-of-life disposal issues. Projections show strong growth in bioplastics production and demand over the next 5 years. While compostable bioplastics are growing, durable bioplastic applications are expected to account for nearly 40% of the market by 2011 to address performance shortcomings of compostable plastics. Emerging technologies may expand bioplastic uses in electronics and automotive industries.
It deals about advantages,Disadvantages, Properties and types of biodegradable plastics and their applications in day today's world. It also says about the use bioplastics and its benefits.
Powerpoint presentation on bioplastics, history of bioplastics, Producing bioplastics, Biodegradable polymers, PHB: case study. producing PHB, History of PHB, Strains to produce PHB, applications of PHB, Companies using PHB, Companies using bioplastics, Current status of Bioplastic, Potential of Bioplastics, Conclusion
Biodegradable plastic available at BioSphere Plastic LLC! They provide affordable non-starch, non-oxodegradable environmental solutions with biodegradable plastic additives world wide.
It's about synthesis of bioplastic. specifically about PHA and bioplastic synthesis from red algae. It was completed under guidance of Mr. Abdul Shafiullah, Lecturer SSC, Shimoga
Bioplastics are plastic materials produced from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, recycled food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms.
It deals about advantages,Disadvantages, Properties and types of biodegradable plastics and their applications in day today's world. It also says about the use bioplastics and its benefits.
Powerpoint presentation on bioplastics, history of bioplastics, Producing bioplastics, Biodegradable polymers, PHB: case study. producing PHB, History of PHB, Strains to produce PHB, applications of PHB, Companies using PHB, Companies using bioplastics, Current status of Bioplastic, Potential of Bioplastics, Conclusion
Biodegradable plastic available at BioSphere Plastic LLC! They provide affordable non-starch, non-oxodegradable environmental solutions with biodegradable plastic additives world wide.
It's about synthesis of bioplastic. specifically about PHA and bioplastic synthesis from red algae. It was completed under guidance of Mr. Abdul Shafiullah, Lecturer SSC, Shimoga
Bioplastics are plastic materials produced from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, recycled food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms.
Technical presentation on the latest class of environmental friendly class of bio-plastics which are completely degradable and uses low energy. These bio-plastics are widely used in European markets and are being used in food, pharmaceutical and in sanitary products.
This is very important for every man and women in earth to know for using this method for nature and universe also and convenient for earth and human being
Bio Plastic is Similar To Conventional Plastics In All Aspects Except That these are made of agricultural products and can be easily degraded...These plastics has many advantages over conventional plastics
Whenever word plastic comes to our mind the first thing that strikes is HARMFUL!
So here is a little presentation to show how to convert that harmful thing into something innovative :)
ENJOY
Technical presentation on the latest class of environmental friendly class of bio-plastics which are completely degradable and uses low energy. These bio-plastics are widely used in European markets and are being used in food, pharmaceutical and in sanitary products.
This is very important for every man and women in earth to know for using this method for nature and universe also and convenient for earth and human being
Bio Plastic is Similar To Conventional Plastics In All Aspects Except That these are made of agricultural products and can be easily degraded...These plastics has many advantages over conventional plastics
Whenever word plastic comes to our mind the first thing that strikes is HARMFUL!
So here is a little presentation to show how to convert that harmful thing into something innovative :)
ENJOY
Green plastics :an emerging alternative of petroleum based plasticsAntu Bhattacharjee
Green plastics made from naturally occurring renewable resources are being widely publicized as a possible solution for concerns regarding the use of traditional petroleum based plastics as it offers important contributions by reducing the dependence on fossil fuels and the related environmental impacts.
Water is one of the prime elements responsible for life on earth.
Water sustains life and maintains ecological balance.
Water is the essential component of global life support system.
“Bioleaching" or "bio-oxidation" employs the use of naturally occurring bacteria, harmless to both humans and the environment, to extract of metals from their ores.
Conversion of insoluble metal sulfides into water-soluble metal sulfates.
It is mainly used to recover certain metals from sulfide ores. This is much cleaner than the traditional leaching.
Scoring system is a set of values for qualifying the set of one residue being substituted by another in an alignment.
It is also known as substitution matrix.
Scoring matrix of nucleotide is relatively simple.
A positive value or a high score is given for a match & negative value or a low score is given for a mismatch.
Scoring matrices for amino acids are more complicated because scoring has to reflect the physicochemical properties of amino acid residues.
Biopolymers for Paperboard Extrusion Coating and Converting - SPE FlexPackCon...C. Carey Yang, Ph.D.
Biopolymers have shown promising options for sustainable packaging applications. This article presents an overview of challenges and opportunities in biopolymers for paperboard extrusion coating and converting processes. Material properties, extrusion coating process and equipment requirements, regulatory compliance, and downstream converting are reviewed. The latest developments and emerging trends in biopolymer technology and innovation are discussed.
Dr. Marty D. Matlock - Science-Based Metrics for Sustainable Outcomes in Agri...John Blue
Science-Based Metrics for Sustainable Outcomes in Agriculture - Marty D. Matlock, PhD, PE, BCEE, Executive Director, Office for Sustainability, Area Director, Center for Agricultural and Rural Sustainability, Professor, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
Bio based products 1/2: Feedstocks and formulation, certification workshop [p...James Sherwood
This workshop uses the example of a bio-based shampoo to demonstrate the use of biomass feedstocks, the bio-refinery concept, certification, and bio-based product standards. This is the presenter version and is up to date as of November 2014.
For annotated handouts featuring detailed descriptions of the slides please visit http://www.slideshare.net/JamesSherwood2/bio-based-products-22-feedstocks-and-formulation-certification-workshop-annotated-handouts
The purpose of this presentation is to give the audience in the workshop an opportunity to learn about the various aspects of biomass use in the chemical industry. The chosen scenario is the production of a shampoo formulation. The participants are given a variety of numbered options concerning biomass selection and the types of certification that can be used. By the end of the workshop the participants will have filled in a 4-digit code with 48 possible solutions. The implications of each decision during the workshop can then be discussed. The last 48 slides are not part of the presentation but describe each possible result of the workshop options, which can be reached using the links on slide 51. A detailed description of how the results are obtained is provided to the audience in their handouts.
Innovation and Commercial Success in BioRenewables: Energy, PlasticsSustainable Brands
Presentation on renewable energy, plastics, and solvents from bio-based sources.
Learn more about Sustainable Business & Design at: http://sustainablelifemedia.com
Developments in bio refinery and its impact on pulp and paper industryArivalagan Arumugam
Environmental sustainability and energy security, put pressure on the use of renewable or recyclable resources with zero impact on environment for meeting the growing needs of energy. Further mandates and regulations facilitate the use of bio-fuels in transport vehicles. Technological developments have now made it possible to use the renewable resource, namely biomass to produce bio-fuel, power and chemicals in a bio-refinery. Global bio-fuel production is currently estimated at 100 billion liters per year. Food crop, wood, agricultural residues, etc based bio-refineries have emerged as one of the solutions to the global energy problem. Commercial scale bio-refineries are in operation in several countries and some are under construction. Various technologies have been developed for producing bio-fuels, power and or chemicals from varieties of biomasses. This paper reviews the developments in bio-refineries, and its impact on pulp and paper industry
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
4. What are Biodegradable Plastics?
Biodegradable or Compostable Plastics are
those which meet all scientifically recognized
norms for biodegradability and compostability
of plastics and plastic products independent
of their carbon origin.
In Europe, the composting standard is
EN 13432 and in the USA ASTM D6400.
5. ASTM D6400 Standard Criteria For
Compostability
1. Mineralization
• At least 90 percent conversion to carbon dioxide, water
and biomass via microbial assimilation.
• Occurs at the same rate as natural materials
(i.e. leaves, grass food scraps.)
• Occurs within a time period of 180 days or less.
2. Disintegration
• Less than 10 percent of test material remains on a 2mm
sieve.
3. Safety
• No impact on plants, using OECD Guide 208.
• Regulated (heavy metals less than 50 percent of EPA
prescribed threshold.)
7. Products that are composed wholly or
significantly of biological ingredients
—renewable plant, animal, marine or
forestry materials.
Does not consider if plastics are
compostable or durable.
Does not refer to any standards of
measurement.
USDA Definition of Biobased Products
8. To be classified as ―biobased,‖ the material
must be organic and contain some
percentage of recently fixed (new) carbon
found in biological resources or crops.
This definition is the basis of ASTM D6866.
Uses C14 content measurement.
Measurement of Biobased Content
10. Biobased Plastics
Major focus is on the ―origin of life‖
or where did the carbon come from (ASTM D6866).
Uses C14 content measurement.
Biodegradable (Compostable) Plastics
Focus is on ―end of life or disposal.‖
Independent of Carbon Source Standards
EN 13432 and ASTM D6400.
These two classes are, however,
not mutually exclusive.
Biobased & Biodegradable
11. Alternative Disposal Initiatives
BIOCOR in the USA to establish an infrastructure to allow
collection of PLA postconsumer and industrial waste.
Primarily, this appears to be in response to the resistance
by bottle recyclers to accept PLA due to contamination
concerns, but will also allow a potentially more sustainable
business model.
This initiative is still in its infancy and will not materially
affect PLA growth in the near term.
12. Renewable resource versus oil based.
Reduced environmental impact.
Concerns about human health.
End-of-Life disposal issues – Landfill.
Legislative initiatives.
Drivers for Bioplastics
14. Oil Carbon V Corn Carbon Price
% Carbon in oil = 84% based on isooctane
There are several grades of crude oil,
Assuming 35.6° API, is 847 kg / m3
and a barrel is 0.159 m3 it would be 134 kg or 295.4 lbs
A US barrel of oil is 42 gal.
Cost of oil based carbon example
$60/(0.84*295.4) = $0.242
% carbon in Dextrose = 40
% dextrose from corn = 65
Weight of a bushel = 56#
Cost of corn based carbon example
$3.50/(56*0.65*0.4) =$0.240
16. Hull & Fiber
(23%)
•
Starch
(65%)
Germ
(7%)
Gluten Meal
(5%)
Fructose for
Sweeteners
Dextrose for
Fermentation
Feedstocks
Number 2Yellow Dent is used in the USA for Lactic Acid Production
Corn as A Feedstock
17. Typical yields from a bushel of corn (56 pounds) from the wet
mill include:
31.50 lbs starch
(33.3 lbs sweetener, due to hydrolysis weight gain.)
1.55 lbs of corn oil.
13.50 lbs of corn gluten feed.
2.60 lbs of corn gluten meal.
The value of these by products ranged from $1.35/bu to
$2.95/bu during the period of 2007-2008.
Corn ranged from $3.03/bu to $6.55/bu, resulting in a
computed price for net corn of $1.13/bu to $3.82/bu.
Based on these values, the USDA reports a corn sweetener
(dextrose) cost.
Net Corn Pricing Calculation
22. Japan
Government has set a goal that 20% of all plastics
consumed in Japan will be renewably sourced by 2020.
Germany
Ban on land filling solid waste with over 5% organic content.
Biodegradable plastics exempt from the recycling directive until
2012.
Savings of 1.3 €/kg in favor of compostable bioplastics.
Netherlands
Implementing a 40 euro cents/kg tax on PET vs. tax on PLA of 8
euro cents/kg.
USA
Federal Farm Bill - Energy Title 9
Each Federal agency must design a plan to purchase as many
biobased plastics as practically possible. Federal procurement
plan will be based on biobased content, price and performance.
Key Legislative Initiatives for Bioplastics
23. Definition of Sustainability
Sustainability is simply stated as:
“meeting the needs of the present
without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their
own needs."
BUT…..
How do we achieve and measure
this?
24. How Do We Really Measure
Sustainability?
Life Cycle Analysis - One attempt to
measure sustainability.
Complex and Inputs/Outputs still Debated
25. Life Cycle Analysis
ISO 14040 or ASTM D7075 -LCA involves the
compilation of a comprehensive inventory (Life Cycle
Inventory, or LCI) of relevant inputs and outputs of a
production system.
This means an organized effort to measure specific
input components contributing to the production and
delivery of the material to its end-use application.
In addition, an LCA requires an evaluation and
assessment of the environmental impacts associated
with the processes.
26. 2.02
0.27
0.75
2.52
3.49 3.49
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
2005 2006 2009 ACC Plastics
Europe
Gabi
PEA
kgCO2eq./kgIngeo
Source Data: Ingeo - NatureWorks LLC ; PET: M. Binder, Technical Director, PE Americas;
Ingeo PET
With REC Technology
Improvements
Compared to any of the PET data sets, all of the Ingeo profiles have
a lower contribution to climate change
PLA: Vink E.T.H. et all
27. 50.2
27.2
35.2
69.6
77.8
85.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2005 2006 2009 ACC Plastics
Europe
Gabi
PEA
MJ/kgIngeo
Source Data: Ingeo - NatureWorks LLC ; PET: M. Binder, Technical Director, PE Americas;
Ingeo PET
With REC Technology
Improvements
Compared to any of the PET data sets, all of the Ingeo profiles
have a lower non-renewable energy use
Cradle-to-Pellet Primary Non-renewable
Energy Use
PLA: Vink E.T.H. et all
28. The Food versus Fuel Debate:
• Food Crops V Biomass
• The ―Ripple Effect ―
Use of GMO's
End-of-Life disposal options:
• Compostability
• Recyclability
But There Are Other Issues
31. Global
Production
of bioplastics
will increase
sixfold to
1.5
million
tonnes
by 2011.
up from 262,000
tonnes in 2007.
(European Bioplastics)
Global
Demand
for bioplastics will
increase more than
fourfold to
900,000
tonnes in
2013.
(Freedonia)
Projected Biomaterials Trends
32. Production
Capacity
of bio-based
plastics is
projected
to increase from
360,000 tons
in 2007 to about
2.3
million tons
by 2013.
(European Bioplastics)
Global
Production
of bioplastics
will increase six
fold to
1.5
million
tons
by 2011.
up from 262,000
tonnes in 2007.
(European Bioplastics)
Global
Demand
for bioplastics
will increase
more than four
fold to
900,000
tons in
2013.
(Freedonia)
Projected Biomaterials Trends
33. Bioplastics will still only be
1% of the approximate 230 million tons
of plastics in use today.
Projected Biomaterials Trends
35. Biobased Polymer Capacities
For Major Players
Product Company Location Capacity/mt Price/#
PLA
PLA
PHA’s
PHBH
PHBV
Materbi
Cereplast
HDPE/LDPE
/PP
Natureworks
Hisun
Metabolix
Meridian/Kaneka
Tianan
Novamont
Cereplast
Braskem
USA
China
USA
USA
China
EU
USA
SA
140,000
5,000
300/50,000
(2010)
150,000?
2,000
75,000
25,000
200,000
(2010)
0.85-1.20
1.25
2.50-2.75
n/a
2.40-2.50
2.0-3.0
1.50-2.50
0.80-1.00
36. NatureWorks, Hisun
Novamont
Cereplast
Dupont
Tianjin Bio Green /DSM
Tianan Biologic
Metabolix
Braskem
PLA
Mater-Bi, Origo Bi
Cereplast
BIOMAX (PTT, Plantic)
PHA
PHBV
PHA
Green Polyethylene
The Biobased Leaders Today
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
WHO? WHAT?
37. Compounded
Biobased Compostable
O
OH
HO
H CH3
L-Lactic Acid
O
OH
HO
H3C
H
D-Lactic Acid
(0.5%)
Polylactic Acid (PLA)
100% Renewable & Compostable
Key Compostable Bioplastics
Starch/PLA/ECOFLEX
…………………….……………………………………………………………
39. Major Bioplastic Packaging Markets
Four Sectors showing significant growth:
1. Compostable, single-use, bags/films.
2. Thermoformed products for food applications.
3. Gift cards.
4. Plastic foams based on soy-based polyols.
40. Plastic Films Market Size
US plastic bag market is estimated by Omni Tech*
to be 68 million tons in 2007.
Growth rate of 15% per year through 2011 to
119 million tons.
*http://soynewuses.org/downloads/reports/DisposalblePlasticsMOS.PDF
41. Major Markets for Biobased Films
Clear wrapping films (blown and cast) for food- and non-food
wrap.
Clear biaxially-orientated film for tamper proof seals and shrink
wrap.
Translucent cast and blown film for:
Trash bags Yard & Garden
Industrial refuse Kitchen and other
Newspaper and magazine wrap Diaper back sheets
Agricultural mulch films
Almost all biobased film applications today are single-use
disposables where compostability is a perceived benefit along
with biobased content.
43. Major Concerns with Bioplastic Films
• Cost / lb. and density v polyethylene /
polypropylene.
• Lack of curbside collection and municipal
composting infrastructure.
• Poor tear propagation.
• Moisture sensitivity for starch based products.
• Controlled degradation times for mulch films.
• Barrier (moisture transmission) for starch and PLA
formulations.
• Low temperature resistance of PLA unless
orientated.
49. Continuing lack of infrastructure for use
and disposal of compostable plastics.
Many biobased plastics players too focused on
compostability as the key differentiating asset.
Increasing demand for biobased, semi-durable
and durable products for household goods,
electronics and automotive applications.
Increasing interest and developments in existing
and new monomers from renewable resources.
Why The Change?
50. Increasing demand for biobased, durable products
in electronics and automotive applications.
By 2011 durables are expected to account
for almost 40% of bioplastics –
compared with 12% today.
(European Bioplastics)
Projected Durables Growth
52. Starch Blends
Hydrolytic stability
Distortion Temp
Vapor Transmission
Shelf Life
Areas of Concern
PLA
Hydrolytic Stability
Distortion Temp
(amorphous)
Vapor Transmission
Shelf Life
Impact Resistance
Melt Strength
PHA’S
Hydrolytic Stability
√
√
Shelf Life
Processability
Melt Strength
Economics
Compostable Bioplastics Do Not Meet
The Needs for Durables
…………………….……………………………..……………
…………………….……………………………..……………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………
53. Will Biopolymers Follow the
Traditional Path to Maturity?
BASE POLYMER
ADDITIVES
Fillers/Fibers, Pigments
Lubricants, Mold release agents
MODIFIERS
Impact modifiers, Rheology
modifiers, Plasticizers,
Nucleating agents
BLENDS
Rigid/Flexible
Low/High Temp
COPOLYMERS
Chemical Res., High Heat
Ductility
54. Will Biopolymers Follow the
Traditional Path to Maturity?
BASE POLYMER
(PLA)
ADDITIVES
Talc, Kenaf
MODIFIERS
Acrylics,
Joncryl,
Citroflex, EBS
BLENDS
PLA / Ecoflex
PLA / PHBV,
PLA / PC
COPOLYMERS
Isosorbide
2,5 FDCA
PTT / Nylon 11
Bio Analogs
56. General trends
How Will Bioplastics Meet Future
Durable Products Needs?
• Short Term (1-3years) – Blends of present
generation bioplastics & blends with petro-based
plastics (PP, acrylics, polyamides )
57. General trends
How Will Bioplastics Meet Future
Durable Products Needs?
• Short Term (1-3years) – Blends of present
generation bioplastics & blends with petro based
plastics (PP, acrylics, polyamides )
• Medium Term (3-5 years) – Blends of existing
bioplastics with other biobased plastics
(PTT, nylon 6,10, PBS)
58. General trends
How Will Bioplastics Meet Future
Durables Products Needs?
• Short Term (1-3years) – Blends of present
generation bioplastics & blends with petro based
plastics (PP, acrylics, polyamides)
• Medium Term (3-5 years) – Blends of existing
bioplastics with other biobased plastics
(PTT, nylon 6,10, PBS)
• Longer term (5-10 years) – Biobased plastics
& bioderived conventional plastics?(PET,PE,PP, nylon 6)
59. Improved temperature performance over PLA.
Improved processing window over PHBV.
Wider mechanical property spectrum.
Almost completely renewable-resource based.
Still compostable.
60. Heat Distortion Properties of PHBV/PLA Blends
COURTESY OF PETER HOLLAND BV
• Samples Held up to 12minutes at 100 C
100%PLA
90%PLA/10%PHBV
80%PLA/20%PHBV
70%PLA/30%PHBV
60%PLA/40%PHBV
50%PLA/50%PHBV
2Minutes
•Deformed
12Minutes
•Not
Deformed
65. L-KetalsHO
OH
O
O
succinic acid
HO OH
O
3-hydroxypropionic acid
OH
O
NH2
HO
O
glutamic acid
aspartic acid
OH
HO
O
O NH2
HO OH
OH
glycerol
O
OHO
4-hydroxybutyrolactone
itaconic acid
HO
OH
O
O
O
O
OH
levulinic acid
O
O
OH
O
HO
2,5-furandicacboxylic acid
OH OHOH
OH OH
xylitol
OH
OHOH
OH
OH
OH
sorbitol
HO
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
O
glucaric acid
O
O
HO
O
OR
*R=H, alkyl
New Biobased Materials In Development
68. Polyethylene from Sugar Cane
Nylon 6 from Lycine
Acrylics from Sugar
Polyurethane Using Soy Based Alcohols
Increasing Synergism with the Biofuels Initiatives
Other Durable Bioplastics Are Appearing
70. Monomers / Intermediates from Vegetable Oils
Glycerol
Acrylic acid (Arkema)
Propane, 1,2 diol (ADM)
Soy based polyols (Dow, Cargill)
Castor oil / 12 hydroxy stearic acid (India)
Amino undecanoic acid (Atofina)
Next Generation of
Bioplastic ―Building Blocks"
……………...………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………….
71. The Future For Bioplastics Will Depend On
Oil pricing continuing to increase.
Expanding from Single-Use Compostable to Durable Applications.
Transitioning from Oil-Based to Renewable Feedstocks.
Addressing Issues:
– Sociological, Environmental & Political.
Composting/Recycling Infrastructure Developments.
There are several existing and emerging players in the field of PHA polymers. Here in the USA the predominant player is Metabolix. Others are emerging globally. If all companies realize their expectations there will be over 70,000MT of the 3HB-4HB PHA available by end of 2009. Tianan Biologic is still the only company producing specifically PHBV. In addition Tianan is the only company who has the technology to efficiently extract the polymer for the microorganisms using low temperature water extraction. This process is patented by Tianan Biologic.