Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet.
this slide contains basic and advanced concept about BGP routing protocol, according to the latest version of Cisco books and i taught it at IRAN TIC company.
this slide contains basic and advanced concept about BGP routing protocol, according to the latest version of Cisco books and i taught it at IRAN TIC company.
BGP (Border Gateway Routing Protocol) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to
exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. The
Border Gateway Protocol makes routing decisions based on paths, network policies or rule-sets
configured by a network administrator, and are involved in making core routing decisions.
BGP is a very robust and scalable routing protocol, as evidenced by the fact that BGP is the routing
protocol employed on the Internet.
In this webinar, we cover how Border Gateway Protocol works. Starting from key concepts, you'll learn about Autonomous Systems, the BGP protocol, AS Path, learning and advertising routes, RIBs and route selection. See the webinar recording at https://www.thousandeyes.com/webinars/how-bgp-works
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol designed to prevent layer 2 loops. It is standardized as IEEE 802.D protocol. STP blocks some ports on switches with redundant links to prevent broadcast storms and ensure loop-free topology. With STP in place, you can have redundant links between switches in order to provide redundancy.
IP multicast is a method of sending Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams to a group of interested receivers in a single transmission. It is often employed for streaming media applications on the Internet and private networks.(wikipedia)
This tutorial gives very good understanding on CCNA Dynamic Routing Protocols.After completing this tutorial,You will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in knowing Advance Networking(CCNA)
BGP Multihoming Techniques, by Philip Smith.
A presentation given at APRICOT 2016’s BGP Multihoming Techniques (Part 1 and 2) sessions on 24 February 2016.
BGP (Border Gateway Routing Protocol) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to
exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. The
Border Gateway Protocol makes routing decisions based on paths, network policies or rule-sets
configured by a network administrator, and are involved in making core routing decisions.
BGP is a very robust and scalable routing protocol, as evidenced by the fact that BGP is the routing
protocol employed on the Internet.
In this webinar, we cover how Border Gateway Protocol works. Starting from key concepts, you'll learn about Autonomous Systems, the BGP protocol, AS Path, learning and advertising routes, RIBs and route selection. See the webinar recording at https://www.thousandeyes.com/webinars/how-bgp-works
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol designed to prevent layer 2 loops. It is standardized as IEEE 802.D protocol. STP blocks some ports on switches with redundant links to prevent broadcast storms and ensure loop-free topology. With STP in place, you can have redundant links between switches in order to provide redundancy.
IP multicast is a method of sending Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams to a group of interested receivers in a single transmission. It is often employed for streaming media applications on the Internet and private networks.(wikipedia)
This tutorial gives very good understanding on CCNA Dynamic Routing Protocols.After completing this tutorial,You will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in knowing Advance Networking(CCNA)
BGP Multihoming Techniques, by Philip Smith.
A presentation given at APRICOT 2016’s BGP Multihoming Techniques (Part 1 and 2) sessions on 24 February 2016.
I walk through What is BGP, Why BGP and BGP Attributes, Path Selection, Use Case of BGP, iBGP, eBGP, CCNP Routing, Multi Homing
What is BGP?
Why BGP?
BGP Peer Relationships
Configuration of BGP
BGP attributes and Path Selection
BGP use cases
Cisco ccnp 642-902 practice tests for quick preparationCisco-642-902
Are you searching for quick and most authenticated 642-902 exam preparation material that can assure your success in Cisco 642-902 exam? You are on the right way. We offer the same with free 642-902 demo. Just check out our material here: http://goo.gl/t3niq7
BGP Books of All Time · OSPF and BGP Quick reference · Protecting the Integrity of Internet Routing · Theory, laboratories and exercises for Mikrotik ...
This Presentation was made by Ali Ibrahim and Aun Haider for the Class Activity purpose. We do hope that this Presentation may assist those students who are undergoing networking studies, presentation or projects in a fruitful and positive manner.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered Quality
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
1. Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur (C.G.)
A
Presentation
on
BGP(Border Gateway Protocol)
Session 2016-17
Submitted by
NUTAN SINGH
Roll No. 24
2. INTRODUCTION OF ROUTING PROTOCOL
ROUTING PROTOCOLS RIP, OSPF, BGP
OVERVIEW OF BGP
WHEN TO USE BGP AND WHEN NOT TO USE BGP
ESTABLISHING ADJACENCIES WITH NEIGHBOURS
MESSAGE TYPE IN BGP
ROUTE SELECTION DECISION PROCESS
BGP PATH ATTRIBUTES
CONFIGURING OSPF
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
2
3. Routing is the process that a router uses to forward packets
toward the destination network.
processes for sharing route information allows
routers to communicate with other routers to update and
maintain the routing tables
Examples of routing protocols that support the IP routed
protocol are:
RIP, IGRP,OSPF, BGP, and EIGRP.
Most routing algorithms can be classified into one of two
categories:
• distance vector
• link-state 3
5. BGP stand for Border Gateway Protocol.very to big organization
can use BGP.
Having two or more internet connection.
CLID routing protocol.
Create loop free inter domain routing between Autonomous
Systems (AS). {1-65512: Private; 65513 – 65535: Public}
An AS is a set of routers under a single technical administration.
Two BGP flavors: IBGP & EBGP
- IBGP work in same AS
- EBGP work in different AS.
BGP used TCP port 179 and maintains neighbor or peer
relationships
It’s an application layer protocol
BGP describes the path by using Attributes
5
6. • BGP finds the best path to a network by using the best AS-path
• Exchange of loop-free routing information is guaranteed.
• Updates sent once every 5 sec for IBGP peer & once every 30 sec for
EBGP.
• TCP used for reliability.
• Protocol Type: Path vector.
• EBGP: AD 20
• IBGP: AD 200
• Open standard Protocol
• Supported protocols: IPv4, IPv6
• BGP sends full routing updates at the start of the session.
• Incremental & triggered updates
• Timers: Hello (60 sec)
• Authentication: None, MD5
6
7. Use BGP
when the effects of BGP are well understood and one of the following
conditions exist:
The AS allows packets to transit through it to reach another AS (transit
AS).
The AS has multiple connections to other AS’s.
The flow of traffic entering or exiting the AS must be manipulated. This
is policy based routing and based on attributes.
Do not use BGP
A single connection to the Internet or another AS
No concern for routing policy or routing selection
A lack of memory or processing power on your routers to handle constant
BGP updates
A limited understanding of route filtering and BGP path selection process
Low bandwidth between AS’s
7
11. Before establishing a BGP peer connection the two neighbors must
perform the standard TCP three-way handshake and open a TCP
connection to port 179.
After the TCP session is established, BGP peers exchanges several
messages to open and confirm connection parameters and to send BGP
routing information.
All BGP messages are unicast to the one neighbor over the TCP
connection.
There are four BGP message types:
11
12. Connect State:
Waits for successful TCP negotiation with peer.
BGP does not spend much time in this state if the TCP session has been
successfully established.
Sends Open message to peer and changes state to Open Sent.
Open Sent State:
BGP listens for an Open message from its peer.
Once the message has been received, the router checks the validity of the Open
message.
If there is no error, a Keepalive message is sent, various timers are set and the
state is changed to Open Confirm.
12
13. 13
Open Confirm State:
The peer is listening for a Keepalive message from its peer.
Established State:
The peers send Update messages to exchange information about each route
being advertised to the BGP peer.
If there is any error in the Update message then a Notification message is sent
to the peer, and BGP transitions back to the idle state.
Active State:
If the router was unable to establish a successful TCP session, then it ends up in
the Active state.
14. Consider only routes with no AS loops and a valid next hop,
and then:
1. Highest weight (local to router).
2. Highest local preference (global within AS).
4. Shortest AS path.
5. Lowest origin code (IGP < EGP < incomplete).
7. EBGP path over IBGP path.
8. The path through the closest IGP neighbor.
9. Oldest route for EBGP paths.
10. The path with the lowest neighbor BGP router ID.
11. The path with the lowest neighbor IP address.
14
15. Well-known attributes
- Must be recognized by all compliant BGP implementations. Are
propagated to other neighbors
• Well-known mandatory attributes
- Must be present in all update messages
• Well-known discretionary attributes
- May be present in update messages
15
16. • AS path: Well-known mandatory. A list of autonomous
systems that a route has traversed:
• Next-hop: Well-known mandatory. The IP address of the
next AS to reach a given network
• Origin: Well-known mandatory. The origin attribute
informs all AS in the internetwork how the prefixes were
introduced into BGP.
16
18. BGP is a path vector routing protocol.
Defined in RFC 1772
BGP is a distance vector routing protocol,
in that it relies on downstream neighbors to
pass along routes from their routing table.
BGP uses a list of AS numbers through
which a packet must pass to reach a
destination.
18
19. · BGP converges slowly.
· Not used in single connection to the Internet.
19
20. The protocol designed by Standard protocol system. It’s work
on top of layer 3.it’s a best routing protocol for link state
routing protocol . that is used on a big network ISP for reliable
network establishment.
20