This document discusses speech disorders of dental origin in children. It begins by outlining normal speech development and the role of oral structures. Sounds are classified as vowels, oral consonants, or nasal consonants. Speech errors can be caused by structural anomalies like cleft lip/palate, dental issues like missing teeth, or oropharyngeal issues like macroglossia. Specific sounds like bilabials can be affected by short lips or malocclusions, while lingual sounds are more impacted by open bites, crossbites, or tongue thrusting. Treatment may involve orthodontics, surgery, or speech therapy. Dental appliances can help restore missing anterior teeth and support speech development in young children.

1. Speech Disorder of Dental
Origin in Children
Presnted By:
Joanna Nassef
Aya Adel
Abdelrahman Yousef
Supervised by :
Associate. Prof. Sara Ahmed

2. Outline
Introduction
Normal Speech Development:
 mechanism of speech production
 Normal pattern of speech development
Consonant sounds in speech
 Oral Consonant
 Vowel
 Nasal Consonant
Role of Orodental Structures in Speech Production
 Classification of Speech sounds
Speech Disorder Errors
 Oropharyngeal Anomlies
 Dental Appliances

3. Speech and language development in children is a dynamic process. Speech
refers to the mechanics of oral communication or the motor act of communicating
by articulating verbal expressions.
Introduction

4.  A child is considered to have a speech delay if the child’s speech is significantly
below the norm for children of the same age. Children, 5 years of age or younger
whose speech and language delays are untreated may exhibit diminished reading
skills, poor verbal and spelling skills, and a lower IQ that may persist into young
adulthood.

5. Normal Speech Development
The mechanism of speech production is
composed of four processes:
1. Language processing
2. Generation of motor commands to the
vocal organs in the brain motor centre.
3. Articulatory movement
4. Emission of air from the lungs

7. Sounds of speech

8. Vowels
vowels are sounds in which there is no
obstruction to the flow of air as it passes
from the larynx to the lips. A doctor who
wants to look at the back of a patient’s
mouth often asks them to say “ah”; making
this vowel sound is the best way of
presenting an unobstructed view.

9. Consonants
1- Oral consonant
2- Nasal Consonant
allowing air to escape from the mouth. To create an
intended oral consoant sound, the entire mouth
plays a role in modifying the air’s passage way.
(p), (w), (v) and (x).
air escape through the nose
(m), (n) and (ng).

11. Sound speech that are affected
by the teeth

13. Speech Errors
Structural Anomalies
Obligatory
Normal articulation
Abnormal structure
Treatment is correction
of structure
Compensatory
Articulation changed due
to abnormal structure
Treatment is correction
of function
Oropharyngeal
Anomalies

14. Speech affected by:

15. 1- Oropharyngeal Anomlies

16. BILABIAL
m, p, b, w

17. 1-Short Lip
o Dysmorphology and/or cleft lip repair
o Scarring
o Relative shortening due to protruding premaxilla

18. 2-Class II Malocclusion
o Only affects speech if alveolar ridge is so far
forward that tongue tip cannot connect
o Compensatory ?? using the lower lip in
contact with the maxillary incisors

19. LINGUODENTAL
th

20. 1-Macroglossia
o Usually associated with Down’s syndrome,
Beckwith- Wiedemann syndrome Large tongue causes:
• lingual protrusion
• open mouth posture
• anterior open bite
• occasional drooling

21. 2-Open Bite with Maxillary Retrusion
Open Bite due to thumb sucking or
tongue thrust

22. 3-Crossbite
o Interfere with tongue tip movement
o Can cause crowding in the oral cavity
o Small oral cavity size can affect quality of
resonance

23. 4-Ankyloglossia
o Congenital anomaly
o With mouth open, patient can’t touch roof of mouth with tongue tip
o Patient can’t protrude tongue past incisal edge of the lower gingiva
No evidence in the literature that ankyloglossia causes speech defects

24. LABIODENTAL
f, v

25. 1-Open Bite with maxillary retrusion

26. LINGUO ALVEOLAR
ch, sh, dz

27. 1- Anterior Open bite

28. 2-Macroglossia

29. 3-Cleft lip and palate
o 50% of all children with a cleft palate have speech problems
o Especially if the cleft extended into the alveolar (gum) ridge.
o Dental anomalies, such as supernumerary or displaced teeth, can interfere
with tongue tip movement during speech production.

30. LINGUAL ALVEOLAR
t, d, n, sz

31. 1- Missing Teeth
Effect depends on:
oSize of oral cavity/presence of oral cavity
crowding,Maxillary retrusion
o Low, flat or narrow palatal arch
o Macroglossia

32. 2-Class III Malocclusion
o Most affect WHYY ?? can affect all anterior
speech sounds
o This is called Dentalization OR lisp

33. 3-Diastema
spacing of maxillary incisors is associated with articulatory
defects but increased openbite and overjet are more
important in pronunciation problems

34. 4- Macroglossia

35. 5-Tongue Thrust
o Swallowing: Forward tongue
thrust against or between incisors
o Dentition: Open bite or overjet
 Causes
• Prolonged thumb/finger sucking or
extended pacifier use
• Upper airway obstruction
• Genetics

36. Treatment of dental abnormalities
o Orthodontics
o Surgery-usually after facial
growth is complete
o Speech therapy to correct
compensatory errors

37. BILABIAL LINGUDENTAL LABIODENTAL LINGUAL
ALVEOLAR
LINGUAL
ALVEOLAR
Letters m, p, b, w th f, v ch, sh, dz t, d, n, sz
Affected by 1- short lip
2-Severe
ClassII
1-Macroglossia
2- Ant. Open bite
3-Crossbite
4-Ankyloglossia
1- Open bite
with maxillary
retrusion
1- Ant. Open bite
2- Macroglossia
3- cleft lip and
palate
1- Missing teeth
2- ClassIII
3- Diastma
4- Macroglossia
5-Tongue thrust

44. Dental appliances

49. One of the most challenging cases in
pediatric dentistry is restoring missing
anterior teeth in young children less than
4 years as in this age the child is starting
to get involved in social life in school and
friends
Extracting of these teeth affect the child
in many aspects esthetically,functionally
and on speech

50. How to deal with such cases ??
Either to make
Removable partial denture
OR
Modified fixed partial denture