The document describes the Dijkstra's algorithm for finding the shortest paths between vertices in a graph. It provides an example graph with 8 vertices (A-H) and runs the algorithm on it. The algorithm works by first assigning a distance of 0 to the source vertex A and infinity to others. It then iteratively finds the closest unvisited vertex and updates distances until all vertices are visited. The example runs the algorithm on the graph in 4 steps, updating distances and parents at each step until it converges to the final shortest paths.