Behavior, part 1
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Slides for discussion of The Living World, 7th edition chapter 37, adapted from a compilation by Amy.
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Stress causes physiological reactions in the body and can impact behavior. The body tries to maintain homeostasis in response to stressors. There are three phases of stress - alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. In the alarm phase the body's fight or flight response is activated. In the resistance phase the body tries to balance itself. In the exhaustion phase the body shuts down if stress continues long-term. Stress can lead to health issues like heart disease, asthma, diabetes and headaches if not managed properly. Animals can adapt to stressful environments through acclimation.
7th grade Behavior Jeopardy
1. The document discusses various concepts related to animal behavior, including instincts, learning, social behavior, and other types of behaviors.
2. It defines key terms like stimulus, instincts, insight, social behavior, pheromones, cyclic behaviors, imprinting, migration, courtship, hibernation, instinct, society, behavior, reflex, aggression, pheromones, innate behavior, learning, conditioning, and types of learning like trial and error and classical conditioning.
3. The document provides examples of instincts like web-spinning by spiders and examples of social behavior like caring for young.
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Reproductive Behaviour involve behaviour patterns associated with courtship, copulation, birth, maternal care and with suckling attempts of newborn. It is species specific behaviour
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ETHOLOGY-HORMONES & BEHAVIOR
This document discusses several topics related to animal behavior and hormones:
1) It describes homeostasis as the tendency of a system to maintain internal stability in response to stimuli.
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3) It contrasts homeostatic and non-homeostatic systems in regulating food intake, noting that cognitive and executive decisions can override hunger signals.
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This document provides an overview of animal behaviour, including definitions, history, types of behaviours, and specific topics. It begins with definitions of animal behaviour and ethology. It then discusses the history of the field and pioneers. Behaviours are classified as innate or learned, and the various types of each are defined. Neural bases of learning and forms of behaviour are also summarized. Specific sections cover thermoregulation mechanisms, bioluminescence including types and functions, and conclusions with references.
Heredity notes
This document discusses key concepts related to heredity including the life cycle, mitosis, chromosomes, inherited traits, dominant traits, recessive traits, genes, instinct, learned behavior, genotype, phenotype, DNA, and heredity. It provides definitions and examples for each term. Videos are linked to explain mitosis. Chromosomes contain DNA and genes which determine inherited traits that can be dominant, recessive, or learned behaviors. Genotype refers to genetic makeup while phenotype is the physical appearance of traits. Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
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Stress causes physiological reactions in the body and can impact behavior. The body tries to maintain homeostasis in response to stressors. There are three phases of stress - alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. In the alarm phase the body's fight or flight response is activated. In the resistance phase the body tries to balance itself. In the exhaustion phase the body shuts down if stress continues long-term. Stress can lead to health issues like heart disease, asthma, diabetes and headaches if not managed properly. Animals can adapt to stressful environments through acclimation.
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3. The document provides examples of instincts like web-spinning by spiders and examples of social behavior like caring for young.
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animals
Reproductive Behaviour involve behaviour patterns associated with courtship, copulation, birth, maternal care and with suckling attempts of newborn. It is species specific behaviour
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The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce hormones which regulate various bodily functions like metabolism, growth, mood, and reproduction. The main glands are the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testicles. Hormones are chemicals that control tissues and organs and are involved in processes like reproduction, growth, and immune function. They work slowly compared to the nervous system. Hormonal changes can impact mood, weight, and other factors. The document then discusses various hormones like cortisol, oxytocin, thyroid hormones, estrogen, and testosterone in more detail. It also covers the nature vs nurture debate about how much our
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This document discusses several topics related to animal behavior and hormones:
1) It describes homeostasis as the tendency of a system to maintain internal stability in response to stimuli.
2) It discusses the hormone leptin, which is secreted by adipose tissue and plays a key role in regulating food intake and hypothalamic development.
3) It contrasts homeostatic and non-homeostatic systems in regulating food intake, noting that cognitive and executive decisions can override hunger signals.
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This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 3 of Myers' Exploring Psychology (6th Ed) on the nature and nurture of behavior and gender. It discusses genes and chromosomes, evolutionary psychology, behavior genetics, environmental influences on development, and the interaction of biological and social factors in gender development. The chapter examines theories of how children learn gender roles through social learning, reward/punishment, and acquiring cultural schemas of masculinity and femininity.
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This document provides an overview of animal behaviour, including definitions, history, types of behaviours, and specific topics. It begins with definitions of animal behaviour and ethology. It then discusses the history of the field and pioneers. Behaviours are classified as innate or learned, and the various types of each are defined. Neural bases of learning and forms of behaviour are also summarized. Specific sections cover thermoregulation mechanisms, bioluminescence including types and functions, and conclusions with references.
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This document discusses key concepts related to heredity including the life cycle, mitosis, chromosomes, inherited traits, dominant traits, recessive traits, genes, instinct, learned behavior, genotype, phenotype, DNA, and heredity. It provides definitions and examples for each term. Videos are linked to explain mitosis. Chromosomes contain DNA and genes which determine inherited traits that can be dominant, recessive, or learned behaviors. Genotype refers to genetic makeup while phenotype is the physical appearance of traits. Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
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Offspring resemble their parents because genes are reliably transferred from one generation to the next. Genes determine characteristics like hair color and come from parents, ensuring kids look like and inherit traits from their parents. Through natural selection, genes with traits better suited to the environment are more likely to be passed on to future generations, explaining similarities in families and species evolution over time.
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Offspring resemble their parents because genes are reliably transferred from one generation to the next. Genes determine characteristics like hair color and come from parents, ensuring kids look like and inherit traits from their parents. Through natural selection, genes with traits better suited to the environment are more likely to be passed on to future generations, explaining similarities in families and species evolution over time.
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1) Evolution is the scientific theory that organisms are related by descent from common ancestors and that biological traits can change over generations through natural selection or genetic drift.
2) Evidence for evolution comes from multiple scientific disciplines including fossils, biogeography, embryology, and genetics. Comparisons of DNA, protein sequences, and anatomical structures among different species provide overwhelming support for the theory of evolution.
3) Natural selection is the primary mechanism of evolution. It occurs when heritable traits increase an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. Over generations, organisms best adapted to their environment will survive and pass on their favorable traits.
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Behavior, part 1
- 2. Behavior
- 7. Behavior is shaped by evolution, like physical traits
- 8. Behavior is also flexible enough to change with the environment
- 11. Proximate Cause
- 12. Genetic or physiological mechanism for a behavior
- 13. Ultimate Cause
- 14. Evolutionary, adaptive cause for a behavior
- 15. Human taste and food choice
- 17. Proximate causes What regulates hunger cravings?
- 18. Ghrelin
- 19. a hormone that stimulates hunger produced by cells in the stomach and pancreas
- 20. Ghrelin level increases before meals and decreases after meals Time of day
- 22. Ultimate causes: Why did we evolve to like certain foods?
- 23. Amount of Sodium in Diet Late Paleolithic Contemporary American Sodium (mg) 700 2300-6900
- 24. Proximate cause Hormones trigger pleasure in our brain when eating certain foods Ultimate cause Humans evolved to prefer salty food in a low sodium environment
- 26. Nature: - Instinctive/Innate Behaviors - Behavioral Genetics
- 27. Fixed Action Pattern fixed response to a stimulus
- 28. Konrad Lorenz
- 33. Stimulus: egg outside of nest Fixed Action Pattern: roll into nest
- 34. Stimulus: egg object outside of nest Fixed Action Pattern: roll into nest
- 36. Most behavior is not fixed, but can still have a genetic basis
- 37. fosB gene controls maternal care in mice Mutant fosB allelle Normal fosB allele
- 38. 38
- 39. Twin Studies
- 40. Studies of identical twins show strange behavioral coincidences: “Springer and Lewis found they had each married and divorced a woman named Linda and remarried a Betty. They shared interests in mechanical drawing and carpentry; their favorite school subject had been math, their least favorite, spelling. They both had sons whom one named James Alan and the other named James Allan. And they both owned dogs which they named Toy.” University of Minnesota twin study, Bouchard et al
- 41. Studies of identical twins show strange behavioral coincidences: “Oskar was brought up Catholic in Germany and joined the Hitler Youth. Jack was raised a Jew and lived for a time in Israel. Yet they had similar speech and thought patterns, similar gaits, a taste for spicy foods and common peculiarities such as flushing the toilet before they used it.”
- 45. Enzyme breaks down neurotransmitters in the brain (including adrenaline) People with an allele for low MAOA activity tend to respond more aggressively when provoked
- 47. Learning: from simple to complex
- 48. Habituation repeated stimuli produce weaker responses
- 50. Sensitization repeated stimuli produce stronger responses
- 53. associating behavior with a new stimuli
- 56. Associating behavior with a reward or punishment
- 57. Imprinting
- 59. Filial Imprinting: offspring form innate social attachments
- 60. Cognition
- 61. Can non-human animals think?
- 67. In lab experiments, newly hatched WCS males were played: • Normal song • No song • Wrong song Song sparrow song Peter Marler’s research
- 68. In lab experiments, newly hatched WCS males were played: • Normal song: sang correct song • No song: sang poorly developed version of WCS song • Wrong song: sang poorly developed version of WCS song
- 69. MAOA “warrior” gene People with low MAOA activity who experienced a traumatic event as a child were more likely to exhibit antisocial, violent behavior as adults People with low MAOA activity who did not experience a traumatic event were not any more likely to be violent than control groups