Sexuality is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. The human sexual response cycle involves four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Sexual orientation has biological roots in genes, hormones, brain structure, and behavior. Individual differences exist, but attitudes toward sexuality are changing.
Presentation on Sexual Dyfunctions
Abnormal Psycholoy
Clinical Psychology
DSM-V
It will help clinical Psychologists as well as students so must read and share as well with others.
This one is first compelete presentation on secual dysfunctions.
Its very easy and understandable.
Its purely based on DSM-v.
Sexual Disorders
Sexuality
One of the most personal area of life. Each of us is sexual being with preferences and fantasies that may surprise or even shock us from time to time. Usually these are part of normal sexual functioning. But when our fantasies or desire begin to affect or other in unwanted or harmful ways, they begin to qualify as abnormal.
For perspective, we begin by briefly describing norms and healthy sexual behavior. Then we consider two forms of sexual problems: sexual dysfunctioning and paraphilias.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Consider contemporary Western worldviews that inhibition of sexual expression causes problems. Contrast this with nineteenth-and-early-twentieth-century views that excess was culprit; in particular excessive masturbation in childhood was widely believe to lead to sexual problems in adulthood. Von Krafft-Ebing (1902) postulated that early masturbation damage the sexual organs and exhausted a finite reservoir of sexual energy, resulting in diminishing ability to function sexually in adulthood. Even in adulthood, excessive sexual activity was thought to underlie problems such us erectile failure. The general Victorian view was that sexual appetite was dangerous and therefore had to be restrained.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Other changes over time have influence people attitudes and experiences of sexuality.
Aside from changes over time and across generation, culture influences attitudes and beliefs about sexuality. In some culture, sexuality is viewed as an important part of well-being and pleasure, wheras in others, sexuality is viewed as relevant only for procreation (Bhurga, Popelyuk & McMullen, 2010). Cultures also vary in their acceptance of variation in sexual behavior.
In other culture it is common to stigmatize same-gender sexual behavior. Clearly, we must keep varying cultural norms in mind as we study human sexual behavior.
Gender and Sexuality
Across wide range of indices, men reported more engagement in sexual thought and behavior that do women.
Compared to women, men report thinking about sex, masturbation, and desiring sex more often, as well as desiring more sexual partner and having more partners.
Beyond these differences in sex drive Peplau (2003) has described several other ways in which the genders tend to differ in sexuality. Women tend to be more ashamed of any flaws in their appearance than the men, and this shame can interfere with sexual satisfaction (Sanchez & Kiefer, 2007)
Gender and Sexuality
For women, sexual appears more closely tied to relationship status and social norms that for men (Baumeister, 200).
Among women with sexual symptoms, more than half believe their symptoms are caused by relationship problems (Nicholls, 2008).
Men are more likely to think about their sexuality in terms of power than are women (Andersen, et al. 1999).
Gender and Sexuality
There are many parallels in men’s and women’s sexuality.
sexuality, sexual orientation, masturbation, autoerotic stimulation to partnered sex; intercourse, oral sex, Gender identity, CULTURAL FACTORS IN SEXUAL ORIENTATION & GENDER IDENTITY, Sexology,Paraphilias,types of sexual behavior deviation
Presentation on Sexual Dyfunctions
Abnormal Psycholoy
Clinical Psychology
DSM-V
It will help clinical Psychologists as well as students so must read and share as well with others.
This one is first compelete presentation on secual dysfunctions.
Its very easy and understandable.
Its purely based on DSM-v.
Sexual Disorders
Sexuality
One of the most personal area of life. Each of us is sexual being with preferences and fantasies that may surprise or even shock us from time to time. Usually these are part of normal sexual functioning. But when our fantasies or desire begin to affect or other in unwanted or harmful ways, they begin to qualify as abnormal.
For perspective, we begin by briefly describing norms and healthy sexual behavior. Then we consider two forms of sexual problems: sexual dysfunctioning and paraphilias.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Consider contemporary Western worldviews that inhibition of sexual expression causes problems. Contrast this with nineteenth-and-early-twentieth-century views that excess was culprit; in particular excessive masturbation in childhood was widely believe to lead to sexual problems in adulthood. Von Krafft-Ebing (1902) postulated that early masturbation damage the sexual organs and exhausted a finite reservoir of sexual energy, resulting in diminishing ability to function sexually in adulthood. Even in adulthood, excessive sexual activity was thought to underlie problems such us erectile failure. The general Victorian view was that sexual appetite was dangerous and therefore had to be restrained.
Sexual Norms and Behavior
Other changes over time have influence people attitudes and experiences of sexuality.
Aside from changes over time and across generation, culture influences attitudes and beliefs about sexuality. In some culture, sexuality is viewed as an important part of well-being and pleasure, wheras in others, sexuality is viewed as relevant only for procreation (Bhurga, Popelyuk & McMullen, 2010). Cultures also vary in their acceptance of variation in sexual behavior.
In other culture it is common to stigmatize same-gender sexual behavior. Clearly, we must keep varying cultural norms in mind as we study human sexual behavior.
Gender and Sexuality
Across wide range of indices, men reported more engagement in sexual thought and behavior that do women.
Compared to women, men report thinking about sex, masturbation, and desiring sex more often, as well as desiring more sexual partner and having more partners.
Beyond these differences in sex drive Peplau (2003) has described several other ways in which the genders tend to differ in sexuality. Women tend to be more ashamed of any flaws in their appearance than the men, and this shame can interfere with sexual satisfaction (Sanchez & Kiefer, 2007)
Gender and Sexuality
For women, sexual appears more closely tied to relationship status and social norms that for men (Baumeister, 200).
Among women with sexual symptoms, more than half believe their symptoms are caused by relationship problems (Nicholls, 2008).
Men are more likely to think about their sexuality in terms of power than are women (Andersen, et al. 1999).
Gender and Sexuality
There are many parallels in men’s and women’s sexuality.
sexuality, sexual orientation, masturbation, autoerotic stimulation to partnered sex; intercourse, oral sex, Gender identity, CULTURAL FACTORS IN SEXUAL ORIENTATION & GENDER IDENTITY, Sexology,Paraphilias,types of sexual behavior deviation
Professor Stephen Breedlove presents his latest research on How do sex differences in behavior arise? at the Gender Matters interdisciplinary forum on February 26, 2016
Part 4 of "Science & Sexuality." What exactly is a female? a male? an intersex person? Some kinds of intersex people are chromosomal variants. What can we learn about sexual identity and sexual orientation from sex chromosomal variants? Who is Milton Diamond? John Money?
This presentation explains the development of diverse sexualities (as natural variations of the organization-activation mechanism), and shows that LGBTI peoples suffer from a socio-cultural disorder that results from the erroneous "gender binary" concept.
Medical mistreatment of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex people because they are neither Adams nor Eves! An update on the science versus the medical practice concerning sexuality from a physiologist’s perspective.
An audio recording that accompanies this slideshow can be found at:
http://freethoughtfestival.org/audio/FTF120427Drantz-ed.mp3
Better yet, watch the video in which I explain the slides as you look at them.
http://drdrantz-sciencesexuality.blogspot.com/2012/07/video-gender-binary-lgbti-people-myth.html
Conferència d'Adolf Tobeña, catedràtic de psiquiatria i psicologia mèdica de la UAB, dins el cicle de conferències 'Pensant l'amor' organitzat pel Centre cívic Casa Golferichs. Dimarts 6 e juny de 2017.
Who is intersex? What are the types of intersex? Is intersexuality natural? What concerns are shared by LGBT people and intersex people? Learn why you should care about intersex people!
The Gender Binary & LGBTI People: Religious Myth and Medical MalpracticeVeronica Drantz, PhD
Designated as disordered rather than just different, LGBTI people have been and continue to be victims of medical malpractice purely because they are neither Adams nor Eves. Psychiatrists, surgeons, endocrinologists, pediatricians, and other medical experts have subjected LGBTI people to bogus and horrific treatments with reckless disregard for patient health and well-being―all the while ignoring the basic tenets of medical ethics and the ever-growing scientific evidence showing LGBTI people to be natural variations. Beyond this, medical stigmatization of LGBTI people has contributed to their oppression in the world at large. This treatise will contrast the scientific evidence with the ongoing medical (mis)treatment of LGBTI people to vividly illustrate the insidious effect of the biblical creation myth.
This presentation is from Chapter 12 of the anthology Christianity Is Not Great: How Faith Fails. John W. Loftus (editor), (Amherst NY: Prometheus Books, 2014).
Paperback or Kindle version of the book here.
http://www.amazon.com/Christianity-Is-Not-Great-Faith/dp/1616149566
Current recreational drugs: RX462 Drug Abuse & Society, Spring 2015 Class pre...Brian Piper
These are the presentations from 2nd and 3rd year pharmacy students from semester long projects on a recreational drug of their choosing. Each presentations contains what was currently known (as of spring, 2015) about the history, epidemiology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of a recreational drug of their choosing.
Drug Abuse & Society (RX 462) Presentations-Spring 2014Brian Piper
This includes end of the semester presentations made by 2nd and 3rd year pharmacy students as part of an elective course. Each student was asked to provide information about history, epidemiology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology. Older "classic" (psilocybin, ayahuasca, crack), newer (JWB-018, mephedrone, MDA) drugs were covered as well as agents that have appreciable use outside the U.S. (desomorphine, areca nut, kava).
Overview of electronic cigarettes including history, components, safety and adverse events, efficacy in smoking cessation, pharmacokinetics and epidemiology. This presentation was originally delivered to 2nd year pharmacy students as part of a two semester class on pharmacology and toxicology.
Examination of Sexually Dimorphic Behavior on the Novel-Image Novel-Location ...Brian Piper
Objectives: Sex differences in object location memory favoring females appear to be a replicable phenomenon but may also depend on the task demands. This investigation evaluated if females outperformed males at both a short (immediate) and long (half-hour) interval between the learn and test condition using a recently developed version of the Novel-Image Novel-Location (NINL) test (Piper et al. 2011, Physiology & Behavior,
103, 513 - 522). Methods: Young-adults (N = 184) completed a standardized handedness inventory and the NINL. Results: Participants assigned to the Immediate and Delayed conditions did not differ in age, sex, or handedness. The NINL total score was higher among females at the Immediate, but not Delayed, interval. However, within the Delayed condition, females excelled at correctly identifying the unchanged items with a similar pattern for the Novel-Location (NL) scale. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the view that sexually dimorphic performance favoring females in neurocognitive function can also extend to tasks that have a spatial component.
Drug abuse and society drug presentations: Spring 2013Brian Piper
This presentation is on recreational drugs as part of a elective course for 2nd and 3rd year pharmacy students. The instructions were to include what is known about history, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics including common routes of administration, overdose potential, and recent epidemiology.
The class chose some older agents (peyote, LSD, mushrooms, cocaine), others that have only become more popular recently (bath sats, synthetic cannabinoids), and some medical drugs (methylphenidate, oxycontin).
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2. History
• 1524: Pietro Aretino & Marcanonio Raimonbi accompany 16
pornographic engravings with sonnets in I modi
• 1923: Sigmund Freud publishes the “The Ego and the Id”
• 1948: Alfred Kinsey publishes “Sexual Behavior and the Human Male”
• 1957: FDA approves “the pill”
• 1957-1992: Masters & Johnson conduct laboratory studies
1915-2001
1894-1956 1925-
4. The Psychobiology of Sex
Masters and Johnson (1966) describe the human sexual
response cycle as consisting of four phases:
Phase Physiological Response
Genitals become engorged with blood. Vagina
Excitement expands secretes lubricant. Penis enlarges.
Excitement peaks such as breathing, pulse and
Plateau blood pressure.
Contractions all over the body. Increase in
Orgasm breathing, pulse & blood pressure. Sexual release.
Engorged genitals release blood. Male goes
Resolution through refractory phase. Women resolve slower.
5. Female Orgasm
• Female orgasm (clitoral stimulation) versus
rest in heterosexual volunteers (N=12) during
PET scanning
Georgiais et al. (2006). European Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 3305-3316.
6. Female Orgasm
• PET scanning [15O]-H2O, subjective report of
orgasm, and rectal pressure monitoring
Georgiais et al. (2006). European Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 3305-3316.
7. Female Orgasm
„Le Petit Mort‟
• Areas Activated: motor cortex, cerebellum
• Areas De-activated: amygdala, prefrontal cortex
Georgiais et al. (2006). European Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 3305-3316.
8. Male Orgasm
• 12 heterosexual males experienced
orgasm while completing PET scanning
• Activated: cerebellum, thalamus, insula
• Deactivated: amygdala
Holstege et al. (2004) J Neuroscience, 23, 9185-9197.
9. Hormones and Sexual Behavior
Sex hormones effect the development of sexual
characteristics and (especially in animals)
activate sexual behavior.
Testosterone
Male Testes (Small amounts of
estrogen)
Ovaries Estrogen
Female (Small amounts of
Adrenals testosterone)
10. Estrogen
Female animals “in heat” express peak levels of
estradiol. Female receptivity may be heightened
with estradiol injections.
Sex hormones may have milder affects on
humans than on other animals.
11. Testosterone
Levels of testosterone vary somewhat in males
over a 24 hour period. Castration, which
reduces testosterone levels, lowers sexual
interest.
12. Testosterone & Age
Levels of testosterone vary somewhat in males
over a 24 hour period. Castration, which
reduces testosterone levels, lowers sexual
interest.
13. External Stimuli
It is common knowledge that men become
sexually aroused when browsing through erotic
material. However, women experience similar
heightened arousal under controlled conditions.
14. Imagined Stimuli
Our imagination in our brain can influence
sexual arousal and desire. People with spinal
cord injuries and no genital sensation can still
feel sexual desire.
15. Adolescent Sexuality
When individuals reach adolescence, their
sexual behavior develops. However, there are
cultural differences.
Sexual promiscuity in modern Western culture is much
greater than in Arab countries and other Asian
countries.
17. Sexual Orientation
Sexual orientation refers to a person’s preference
for emotional and sexual relationships with
individuals of the same sex, the other sex, and/or
either sex.
Homosexual Heterosexual Bisexual
18. Sexual Orientation Statistics
In Europe and America, based on many national
surveys, homosexuality in men is 3.5% and in
women is 1.5%.
As members of a minority, homosexuals often struggle
with their sexual orientation (suicide/depression 3X).
19. Origins of Sexual Orientation
Homosexuality is more likely based on
biological factors like differing brain centers,
genetics, and parental hormone exposure rather
than environmental factors.
20. Neurobiological Basis of
Homosexuality?
• Levay compared the volume of the interstital
nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH)
• His sample (N=41) consisted of:
– 19 male homosexuals (19 AIDS+)
– 16 male heterosexuals (6 AIDS+)
– 6 female heterosexuals (1 AIDS+)
1943-
LeVay (1991). Science, 253, 1034-1037.
21. Animal Homosexuality (1500)
Mammals Birds Fish Insects
cat barn owl Amazon molly bedbug
chimpanzee chicken Bluegill sunfish blowfly
dog emu char cockroach
elephant King Penguin Jewel fish house fly
fox mallard Salmon Monarch butterfly
lion raven Ten-spined red ant
stickleback
raccoon seagull Three-spined Tsetse fly
stickleback
Bruce Bagemihl (1999) Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity
22. Hypothalamus in Sheep
• 8% of rams mount males
• Rossi compared the sexually dimorphic
nucleus of females, males that prefer
females (MPF), males that prefer males
(MPM)
Females MPF MPM Females MPF MPM
Rossi et al. (2004). Endocrinology, 145, 478-483.
23. Hypothalamic Structure
• 8% of rams mount males
• Rossi compared the sexually dimorphic
nucleus of females, males that prefer
females (MPF), males that prefer males
(MPM)
Females MPF MPM Females MPF MPM
Rossi et al. (2004). Endocrinology, 145, 478-483.
24. Hypothalamic Function
• PET scans were completed while smelling androstadien
(AND) versus room air by young Heterosexual Women
(HeW), Homosexual Men (HoM), and Heterosexual Men
(HeM, N=12/group).
Savic et al. (2005). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 7356-7361.
25. Hypothalamic Function
• PET scans were completed while smelling androstadien
(AND) versus room air by young Heterosexual Women
(HeW), Homosexual Men (HoM), and Heterosexual Men
(HeM, N=12/group).
Savic et al. (2005). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 7356-7361.
26. Genes & Sexual Orientation
A number of reasons suggest that
homosexuality may be due to genetic factors.
1. Family: Homosexuality seems to run in families.
2. Twin studies: Homosexuality is more common in
identical twins than fraternal twins.
3. Fruit flies: Genetic engineers can genetically
manipulate females to act like males during
courtship and males to act like females.
27. Female-Female Behavior
• Male fruit flies have a fixed action pattern
courtship pattern
– Follow female -> Foreleg tap -> Sing song
• Fruitless gene is spliced in a sex specific pattern
• Females with male fru showed male behavior
• Videos
Demir & Dickson (2005). Cell, 121, 785-794.
28. Neurobehavioral
Differences
• Hetero and homo sexual men and women
(N = 35/group) completed a virtual water
maze.
Rahman & Andersson (2008) Hippocampus, 18, 55-63.
31. Contraception
1. Ignorance: Canadian teen girls do not have the
right ideas about birth control methods.
2. Guilt Related to Sexual Activity: Guilt reduces
sexual activity, but it also reduces the use of
contraceptives.
3. Minimal Communication: Many teenagers feel
uncomfortable discussing contraceptives.
4. Alcohol Use: Those who use alcohol prior to sex are
less likely to use contraceptives.
5. Mass Media: The media’s portrayal of unsafe
extramarital sex decreases the use of
contraceptives.
32. Sexual Problems
Men generally suffer from two kinds of sexual
problems: premature ejaculation and erectile
disorder.
Women may suffer from orgasmic disorders.
These problems are not due to personality disorders
and can be treated through behavior therapy and drugs.
33. Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome
• Caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Transmitted via anal & vaginal sex, needles,
pregnancy/childbirth
• Worldwide (UNAIDS, 2009):
– 60.0 million infected
– 25 million dead
– 14 million orphaned children
1959-(1991)-