The chicken or the egg
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The document discusses the nature vs nurture debate regarding human development. It describes a case from 1801 where a boy was discovered living with wolves in France and never fully adapted to human society. Twin studies are also discussed that show identical twins having more similar IQ scores regardless of their environment, indicating genetics plays a role. The document concludes that while genes provide biological foundations, behavior is an interaction between nature and nurture.
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Astronomers in the early 1900s noticed that light from stars in other galaxies had longer wavelengths than expected, a phenomenon called redshift. They theorized this was due to the Doppler effect from galaxies moving away from Earth as the universe expanded. Edwin Hubble later found galaxies farther away had larger redshifts, indicating the universe is uniformly expanding from no central point. While most scientists accept this "Big Bang" theory, some creation scientists offer alternatives where the universe expanded from Earth as the center just thousands of years ago. The key difference between theories is philosophical assumptions about the universe rather than scientific evidence.
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The document contains a chapter about the Holocaust that discusses Hitler's plans in Eastern Europe, the role of concentration camps, and the systematic extermination of Jews. It also includes a chapter on the end of World War II covering major battles against Germany and Japan as well as terms like island hopping and unconditional surrender. Students are asked to review statements and identify whether they are true or false, correcting any false statements.
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The chicken or the egg
- 1. The Chicken or the Egg? Ryan’s Psychology 2010
- 2. Heredity: Our Genetic Background • Heredity is the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring. • …plays a key role to the development of traits both in people and in animals. • The traits we inherit shape our behavior and also place limits on it. So are we the product of genetic roulette? Or have our life experiences made us who we are?
- 3. Dancing with Wolves • In 1801, a 12 yr old boy was discovered in the woods outside Aveyron, France. • He had apparently been raised by wolves; no one knew where he came from and he acted more like a wolf than a human being. • He was taken in by a doctor, and after five years, he had learned only a few words. • He would live with a caretaker until he died at the age of 40 – but he never became a fully functioning human being.
- 4. The Great Debate: Nature vs Nurture • Was it nature or nurture that failed? Locke Rousseau …a newborn child’s mind …we are hardwired from is a blank slate. birth with all our abilities and predispositions.
- 5. Kellogg experiments • 1931 Winthrop Kellogg arranged to acquire a female chimp that he planned to raise with his own baby boy.
- 6. What Twins Tell Us • Identical twins have identical genes. Fraternal twins & other siblings share only about 50% of their genes. • Comparing the IQ scores between identical twins allows us to look a the influence of environment on intelligence. • With regard to intelligence, nature has come out the winner. • Identical twins consistently have more similar IQ scores regardless of the environment in which they are raised.
- 7. Paula Bernstein and Elyse Schein
- 8. Family Genes and Other Heirlooms • You have 50% of your genes from your mom and 50% from your dad. • The influence of genes on behavior is indirect. • Their main task is building and organizing the physical structures of the body, including the body. • These structures interact with the environment to produce behavior. • Good genes give us resources for coping with our environment, but a bad environment can challenge even the most resilient genes.