Beer is made from malted barley, water, hops, yeast and sometimes other grains or sugars. The basic brewing process involves malting the grain to release enzymes, mashing to convert starches to sugars, boiling the wort with hops, fermenting with yeast, maturation and packaging. There are two main types of beer - ales which use top-fermenting yeast and are ready more quickly, and lagers which use bottom-fermenting yeast and take longer to produce. Beer should be served between 2-5 degrees Celsius in clean, appropriate glasses to best enjoy its flavors and aromas.

1. BEERS

2. Contents Definition Ingredients Beer Brewing : Basic steps Types of Beers Service of Beer

3. Beer Beer is brewed and fermented made from malt,water,hops, yeast, sugar and finings (clarifying agents) The alcoholic content of beer ranges from 2-16%

4. Barley malt Hops Yeast Water Beer Ingredients

5. Barley Malt Malting is the process of causing the grain to sprout and then drying it Grain is washed 8-10 hrs , it absorbs water Grain sits in water for 40 hrs Water is drained Grain sits controlled room 6 days, where it is germinated Germination process is stopped by heating the grains

6. Hops Provides flavor associated with beer. Has anti-bacterial properties Reduces cloudiness in beer

7. Yeast Single cell microorganism Consumes sugars, converts them to alcohol and carbon dioxide Gives beer its distinct flavour

8. Beer Brewing – Basic Steps Malting : Liberate enzymes Mashing : Enzymes convert starch into sugar Drain liquid = wort Add hops (flavoring) Fermentation “green beer” Maturation Pasteurization/filtering Re-addition of carbon dioxide Bottling

9. 1 2 3 Soaking of the grain. Straining of the grains onto the floor. Spreading and turning the grain and allow the grain to germinate.

10. 4 5 6 4. Heating / Drying of the grains to stop germination. 5. Cleaning and grinding of the grains and adding of water. This is to convert the starch to simpler form which can be used by the yeast. The grains are then removed from the liquid and the resulting liquid is known as wort. 6. Wort is the boiled with hops. It is cooled and the yeast is added to start the process of fermentation. Then beer is separated from yeast carbonated and aged.

11. Types of Beer Ale Ale is Top fermented beer Fermented for 3 days Fermented at a temperature of 18-25 degrees centigrade Porter and Stout are examples of this beer Lager Lager is Bottom fermented beer Fermented for 7 days Fermented at a temperature of 7-12 degree centigrade Bock, Dunkel and Pilsner are examples of this beer

12. Types of Beer Draught Beer Also called Draft Beer or Tap beer It is an un-pasteurized beer It is lighter due to the absence of preservatives It has a short shelf life

13. Service of Beer The international serving temperature of beer is 5 degree Celsius. If beer is served at less than 2-3 degree Celsius it loses most of its bouquet. The beer should always be poured at a steep angle at first and then the angle should be reduced so as to ensure that the head which is formed is not too big.

14. To open a can or a bottle of beer it should be held firmly so that it is not jarred during the process. If the cap has to be twisted for opening the bottle, take care to keep the bottle stationary. The glass in which the beer is served should always be clean. If the glass has even a trace of detergent or grease the beer will go flat. Service of Beer

15. Pilsner goblet Flared pilsner Beer Goblet Hourglass Pilsner Footed Pilsner Mug Stein Service of Beer There are different types of glasses in which beer can be served. The capacity of a beer glass is 7-20 ounces..They are:

16. Some famous brands Kingfisher’s Foster’s Heineken Corona Cobra