Bayanihan linux 5_manual

Advanced Science & Technology Institute

Bayanihan Linux 5
MANUAL

Bayanihan Linux 5

1 Copyright c 2008-2009 Emman Balintec, Rage Callao, Yvonne Carpo, Pearliezl Dy
2 Tiongco, Mariesonn Florendo, Aileen Cruzado, Russel Baisas. All rights reserved.

3 This document is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of
4 the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
5 version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

6 This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
7 WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FIT-
8 NESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
9 more details.

10 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this
11 document; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge,
12 MA 02139, USA.

2

13 CONTENTS

14 Preface 7

15 1 Installing the Bayanihan Linux OS 9
16 1.1 Getting the installer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
17 1.2 Checking disc integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
18 1.3 Advanced Installer Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
19 1.4 Graphical installation guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
20 1.5 First Look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

21 2 Desktop Overview 21
22 2.1 From power on to desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
23 2.2 Desktop components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
24 2.3 Menu button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
25 2.4 Taskbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
26 2.5 System tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

27 3 Working with Files and Folders 25
28 3.1 Folders and Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
29 3.2 Introduction to Konqueror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

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Bayanihan Linux 5 Contents

30 3.3 Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

31 3.4 Deleting Files and Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

32 3.5 Moving and Copying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

33 3.6 Selecting Multiple Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

34 3.7 Create New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

35 3.8 Changing Names and Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

36 3.9 Configuring File Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

37 3.10 At the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

38 3.11 Linux Filesystem Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

39 4 Connecting to the Internet 47

40 4.1 Dial-Up using KPPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

41 4.2 LAN/WiFi connectivity with KNetworkManager . . . . . . . . . . 53

42 4.3 Using FireFox and Konqueror for browsing the web . . . . . . . . . 56

43 4.4 Setting the proxy for firefox and konqueror . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

44 4.5 E-Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

45 4.6 VOIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

46 4.7 Instant Messaging With Pidgin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

47 4.8 Desktop Sharing/Remote Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

48 5 Using OpenOffice.org 3 73

49 5.1 OpenOffice.org 3 Writer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

50 5.2 OpenOffice.org 3 Calc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

51 5.3 OpenOffice.org 3 Impress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

52 6 Using Graphics Tools 89

53 6.1 Image Editing Using Gimp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

54 6.2 Gwenview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

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Contents Bayanihan Linux 5

55 6.3 Installing/Using Digikam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
56 6.4 Other graphics tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

57 7 Using WindowsTM applications with WINE 95
58 7.1 Installing WindowsTM software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
59 7.2 Conﬁguring WINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
60 7.3 Tested applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

61 8 Using Multimedia Applications 99
62 8.1 Amarok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
63 8.2 KsCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
64 8.3 KMix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
65 8.4 KRec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
66 8.5 XVidCap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
67 8.6 MPlayer Video Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
68 8.7 K3B - CD/DVD Burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
69 8.8 KAudioCreator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

70 9 Using the Terminal/Commandline 107
71 9.1 Access the Terminal/Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
72 9.2 File and Folder Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
73 9.3 Filesystem Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
74 9.4 User-related Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
75 9.5 File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
76 9.6 Other Essential Commandline Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
77 9.7 Text Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

78 10 System Administration 123
79 10.1 Installing/Removing/Upgrading software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

5


80 10.2 KDE Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
81 10.3 Managing Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
82 10.4 Managing Private Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
83 10.5 Setting up a firewall with Guarddog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
84 10.6 Updating/Using Klamav . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
85 10.7 Managing users with Kuser/Adduser/Deluser . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

86 11 Special Topics 137
87 11.1 Installing a C/C++ development environment . . . . . . . . . . . 137
88 11.2 Compiling a custom kernel or third-party driver . . . . . . . . . . . 138
89 11.3 Installing a webserver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
90 11.4 Installing an ftp/file server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
91 11.5 Installing an email server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
92 11.6 Configuring NFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
93 11.7 BIND / DNS servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

94 Appendix A GNU GPL 159

95 Bibliography 173

96 Index 174

6

97 Preface

98 Sample text.

7


8

99

100 CHAPTER

101 ONE
102

103 Installing the Bayanihan Linux OS

104 Chapter Author : Rage Callao
105

106 The system uses the Debian Installer[8], a software developed by the Debian
107 Project1 . This version features a fully graphical installation as well as console,
108 expert and rescue modes. The following sections will describe the stages and
109 options available for each of these modes.

110 1.1 Getting the installer

111 Bayanihan Linux is freely downloadable as an ISO image from the Bayanihan
112 Linux website at http://bayanihan.gov.ph or can be obtained as a CD from
113 the Advanced Science and Technology Institute oﬃce.
114 After downloading the ISO image, please verify that the image was downloaded
115 correctly by using a ﬁle integrity checking software such as md5sum.exe or
116 sha256sum.exe and compare the generated values with those posted at our
117 website.
118 If the ISO image integrity check is successful, use a CD burning software and select
119 the Burn as image option to burn the ISO image to a blank CD. This process will
120 produce a bootable Bayanihan Linux CDROM Installer. Then insert the disc

1 http://www.debian.org

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Bayanihan Linux 5 Chapter 1. Installing the Bayanihan Linux OS

121 into the CDROM drive and restart your computer making sure it boots from the
122 CDROM.

123 1.2 Checking disc integrity

124 Before beginning your installation you should also check whether the ISO image
125 was properly “burned” onto the CD. To do this, boot the CD and select Advanced
126 options from the boot menu and then select Graphical expert install as shown in
127 Figure 1.1. On the next screen (shown in Figure 1.2) select Check the CDROM(s)
128 integrity. If the check is successful, proceed with the Graphical installation guide
129 shown in Figure 1.4.
130 Important: Perform a BACK-UP of your valuable data before proceeding with
131 the installation.

Figure 1.1: Graphical expert install

Figure 1.2: Check the CD-
ROM(s) integrity

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Chapter 1. Installing the Bayanihan Linux OS Bayanihan Linux 5

132 1.3 Advanced Installer Options

133 Additional installer options are available by selecting Advanced options (use the up
134 and down arrow keys and press Enter on the highlighted entry) from the installer
135 menu shown in Figure 1.4. The various options are shown in Figure 1.3 and
136 described below.

137 Expert install runs the installer in a text-mode environment and displays all
138 available options

139 Rescue mode runs the installer and provides a shell from which a preinstalled
140 system can be accessed and conﬁgured

141 Graphical expert install runs the installer in a full graphical environment and
142 displays all available options

143 Graphical rescue mode runs the installer in a full graphical environment and
144 provides a shell from which a preinstalled system can be accessed and con-
145 ﬁgured

146 Test physical memory runs memtest which is a program to check the system
147 memory

Figure 1.3: Advanced options menu

148 1.4 Graphical installation guide

149 The full graphical installation mode is selected as the default mode when booting
150 the Bayanihan Linux CDROM Installer. This is the easiest mode mainly because
151 most of the available options have already been preselected. Figures 1.4 to 1.20
152 shows the installation steps.

11


153 For low memory machines (less than 128 MB of RAM ) you may want to select
154 the Text-mode install option. The installer will also automatically switch to this
155 mode when it detects low physical memory.
156 The installer will prompt for partitioning information in all modes. The term
157 partition refers to the act of dividing the harddisk so that the divisions can be
158 used by the operating system for different tasks or data. For instance, if you
159 accept all the default options in the partitioning stage, the installer will create
160 two partitions by default. One for the / or root partition and another for the
161 swap partition. The root partition will be used for storing files the operating
162 system needs as well as users files. The swap partition will be used for temporary
163 storage of data by the operating system’s processes.

Figure 1.4: STEP 1. Dis-
plays the available options for
the installer. To proceed, press
the Enter key on the high-
lighted entry. Several screens
will appear while the installer
initializes.

Figure 1.5: Network config-
uration. The installer will at-
tempt to configure your net-
work connections.

12


Figure 1.6: STEP 2. Only ap-
pears when automatic network
configuration has failed. Select
the option Do not configure the
network at this time. The net-
work connection will need to be
configured upon logging in.

Figure 1.7: STEP 3. Prompts
for a hostname for the com-
puter. You can accept the de-
fault and then press Enter or
you can type in any single-word
unique name to identify this
machine on the network. Use
small letters.

Figure 1.8: STEP 4. Only ap-
pears when automatic network
configuration has been success-
ful. Prompts for a domain
name. You can safely accept
the default.

13


Figure 1.9: STEP 5. The de-
fault is to use the Guided - use
entire harddisk option. Click
Continue to proceed to the next
screen.

Figure 1.10: STEP 6. Select
the harddisk where the system
will be installed.

Figure 1.11: STEP 7. Select a
partitioning option. There are
3 predeﬁned conﬁgurations to
choose from. Selecting the de-
fault will create two partitions,
one for the /root and one for
the swap partitions.

14


Figure 1.12: STEP 8. Click
Continue to conﬁrm the infor-
mation on partitioning changes
and proceed to the next screen.

Figure 1.13: STEP 9. Select
Yes to continue. NOTE: Se-
lecting Continue will delete all
data in your harddisk. The
new partition information will
be written to the harddisk and
the installer will format the
new partitions.

Figure 1.14: STEP 10. Type-
in your administrator or “root”
password here. The root ac-
count is used to modify system-
wide settings.

15


Figure 1.15: STEP 11. Type
in your name. This informa-
tion will be used to generate
a suggested username for the
next step.

Figure 1.16: STEP 12. Type-
in your preferred username if
you skipped the previous step
otherwise accept the suggested
username. An account with
this username will be created
near the end of the installa-
tion process. You will use
this account to login. This
is a regular, non-administrator
account.

Figure 1.17: STEP 13. Type
in your preferred password for
the account created in the pre-
ceeding screen. Use the user-
name you entered in STEP 12
and the password here to login
at screen shown in Figure 1.23

16


Figure 1.18: The system will
now proceed with the installa-
tion. This will take between
30 minutes to 1 hour depending
on the speed of your machine.

Figure 1.19: STEP 14. The
installer will attempt to de-
tect other operating systems
installed in the harddisk. You
can safely select Yes here and
click Continue to proceed to the
next screen.

Figure 1.20: STEP 15. This
is the end of the installation
process. Remove the CD and
click Continue to reboot into
your new Bayanihan Linux 5
system.

17


164 1.5 First Look

165 After rebooting/booting your computer, the ﬁrst screen you will see is the GrUB2
166 menu show in Figure 1.21 which displays the available boot options for this system.

Figure 1.21: GrUB Menu

Figure 1.22: Splash screen Figure 1.23: Login screen

2 Grand Uniﬁed Bootloader

18


Figure 1.24: Welcome greeting Figure 1.25: The Bayanihan Desktop

Figure 1.26: Map of the Desktop

19


20

167

168 CHAPTER

169 TWO
170

171 Desktop Overview

172 Chapter Author : Rage Callao
173

174 Finding your way around a typical Linux desktop can be a challenging experience
175 especially if you come from a Windows background. However once you get passed
176 the initial hurdles, it becomes quite easy to do things. Many of the desktop
177 components behave and function in a very familiar way and almost everything
178 can be customized to your heart’s content.

179 2.1 From power on to desktop

180 The boot process begins when you power on your computer. The first screen
181 to appear after the typical BIOS messages and warnings is the GrUB menu.
182 GrUB is an acronym for Grand Unified Bootloader. Bayanihan Linux is the default
183 operating system selected. You can press Enter or wait a few seconds indicated
184 by the timer at the bottom of the screen and the system will boot to the selected
185 operating system. The process of booting up your computer begins with the
186 kernel, the core of the operating system, being loaded into memory. System
187 components are detected, filesystems are mounted and the desktop initialized
188 for use. Afterwards you are presented with a graphical login screen. Type in the
189 username and password you provided during installation and you will be presented
190 with the desktop environment. This should just take a few minutes.

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Bayanihan Linux 5 Chapter 2. Desktop Overview

191 2.2 Desktop components

192 The desktop is made up of a these components:

193 Menu button contains the shortcuts to run the various programs bundled with
194 Bayanihan Linux
195 Taskbar displays links to windows that are currently open and holds various
196 other utilities such as applets (pager, quick shortcuts, systray)
197 System tray contains running applications that are frequently accessed
198 Desktop where icons to frequently accessed applications or folders can be placed
199 and where windows of various applications appear when opened

200 After logging in, you are presented with the desktop shown below displaying the
201 components discussed the preceeding section:

202

203 2.3 Menu button

204 The Menu contains links to graphical applications and are conveniently catego-
205 rized according to general use. For instance, all the graphical applications that
206 you install that need to connect to the internet can be accessed from the Internet

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Chapter 2. Desktop Overview Bayanihan Linux 5

207 category. This category includes web browsers, email clients, chat clients, VOIP
208 and videoconferencing software.
209 This category also includes links to various system utilities such as the Help man-
210 ual, system settings, system folders and the Control Center where you can set your
211 preferences.
212 You will also find quick shortcuts to run applications, search for files and folders
213 and logoff from the desktop.

214 Menu Editor

215 Most graphical applications when installed will place a shortcut in the Menu. You
216 can also manually add entries and change the arrangement of the various entries
217 using the Menu Editor.
218 To run this application, simply click on the link found in the Menu:

219 → Settings (in All Applications) → Menu Editor

220 Menu updating tool

221 This tool can search your system for common applications and update the Menu.

222 2.4 Taskbar

223 The taskbar is the horizontal area at the bottom of the screen that contains links
224 to open windows, the Menu, clock and systray as well as various other utilities.
225 To configure the taskbar, right-click on an empty area on the taskbar and click
226 Unlock panels. Right-click on an empty area again and click Configure Panel. A
227 window will appear containing several categories. Click on the Help for more
228 information on configuring this component.
229 Many applets (small applications that reside in the taskbar) can also be placed
230 here allowing for more customized control of system. To access these optional
231 applets, right-click on an empty area and click Add applet to panel. To remove
232 and applet, right-click on an empty area and select Remove from Panel → Applet.
233 You can also add icons for your frequently used applications by selecting Add
234 Application to Panel.

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Bayanihan Linux 5 Chapter 2. Desktop Overview

235 2.5 System tray

236 Some frequently used applications place an icon here for quick access. This ap-
237 plications typically run in the background

24

238

239 CHAPTER

240 THREE
241

242 Working with Files and Folders

243 Chapter Author : Aileen Cruzado

244 After having been able to successfully install Bayanihan Linux in your system,
245 what now should you expect from it?
246 When moving from Windows to Linux, you must first understand how Linux
247 view files varies from how Windows handle files. In this chapter, you will have an
248 overview of the Linux file system and how important it is to make Linux work.
249 Here, you will learn that under Linux, everything is a file[4]. In addition to data
250 and executable files, Linux treat folders and even the various components of your
251 computer as a file. This means that there are files that represent your keyboard,
252 terminal, printer, CD-ROM, and even your system’s RAM. These special files are
253 called devices. When Linux needs to talk to physical hardware device, it does so
254 by simply reading from or writing to one of these special files1 . In this chapter,
255 you will be introduced to elementary concepts such as basics of creating new files,
256 changing ownerships and permissions and the principal method of accessing them
257 via the Konqueror file manager.
258 Additionally, you will learn about the fundamentals of configuring file associations;
259 working at the command line level; and the Linux Filesystem Heirarchy.

1 http://lowfatlinux.com/linux-files.html

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Bayanihan Linux 5 Chapter 3. Working with Files and Folders

260 3.1 Folders and Paths

261 In UNIX and Linux all folders are arranged in a simple inverted tree structure
262 descending and branching down from a single top level folder[5]. This means that
263 you can get from any folder to any other by going “up” until you reach a common
264 point then “down” through the appropriate subfolders until you reach your target.
265 The position of any file or folder in the tree can be described by its “path”, which
266 is a simple list of the folders you would have to descend through to get to the
267 target folder or file. For example, /home/aileen is the subfolder /aileen of the
268 subfolder /home of the top level folder, and /home/aileen/words.txt is the file
269 words.txt in that subfolder. The leading “/” in these paths represents the top
270 level folder.
271 Every folder accessible by your system including those on other hard disk par-
272 titions, your floppy and CD-ROM will appear in the tree descending from “/”,
273 their exact paths will depend on how your system was set up. See Section 3.3.
274 Every user on a UNIX / Linux system has their own “home” folder to hold their
275 personal files and settings; for example /home/russel and /home/mariesonn.
276 The tilde symbol (∼) is often used to represent the user’s home folder, so that
277 ∼/letter.txt refers to the file letter.txt in my /home folder.
278 Note that the term “directory” is often used instead of “folder”.

279 3.2 Introduction to Konqueror

280 All operating systems come with a so-called “file manager” which is an application
281 that helps you view files and folders as well as navigate graphically through the
282 entire filesystem tree. The file manager bundled with Bayanihan Linux is called
283 Konqueror.
284 To run this application, simply click on the link found in the Menu. You can also
285 click on the Home icon your desktop or the taskbar.

286 → Home – Personal Files

287 From help:/konqueror/index.html:

288 Konqueror is an advanced file manager for the K Desktop Environ-
289 ment, providing file management functions ranging from simple cut/copy
290 and paste operations to advanced local and remote network file brows-
291 ing. Folder contents can be displayed in a variety of text and icon view

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Chapter 3. Working with Files and Folders Bayanihan Linux 5

Figure 3.1: Icon View. Displays the
name and a suitable icon for each file
or folder.

Figure 3.2: MultiColumn View.
Similar to Icon View except that the
display is neatly formatted into regu-
lar columns.

292 modes, which can include thumbnail preview images of file contents.
293 File and folder properties can easily be examined and changed and
294 applications launched with a simple click of the left mouse button

295 View Modes

296 In File Manager mode, Konqueror shows you what files and subfolders are held
297 in a folder, and can provide you with some information about them.
298 The “path” of the folder you are looking at is shown in the Titlebar, and also in
299 the Location Toolbar, prefixed with “file:” to indicate that the folder is part of
300 your computer’s normal file system. For example “file:/home/aileen”.
301 The way that Konqueror displays the files and folders depends mainly on your
302 choice of View Mode. This can be selected from the View → View Mode sub
303 menu, which gives you the following options: Icon View, MultiColumn View,
304 Tree View, Info List View, Detailed List View and Text View as shown
305 in Figures 2.1 to 2.6.

27


Figure 3.3: Tree View. This option
is useful for navigating through the
folder tree below the current folder.
This display is similar to Detailed List
View except that the start of each line
will show a small “+” sign in a box
if the item is a folder. Left clicking
on the box will expand the display to
show the contents of the folder.

Figure 3.4: Info List View. Simi-
lar to Detailed List View except that,
where applicable, it shows the number
of lines, words and characters and file
format for each file.

Figure 3.5: Detailed List View.
Displays each file or folder on a sep-
arate line, as a small icon followed
by the file or folder name followed
by information about the item. The
amount of information shown is con-
trolled by the View → Show Details
submenu settings.

28


Figure 3.6: Text View. Similar to
Detailed List View except thaticons
are not shown and the first character
in each line will be “/” if the item is
a folder.

306 The default file icons shown in Icon View and MultiColumn View modes can be
307 replaced by small preview images of the file contents. See File Previews on 29
308 on for more details.

309 File Tip Info

310 Checking the Show file tips box in the Behavior page of the Konqueror Configura-
311 tion dialog causes a small pop up information window to appear when the mouse
312 pointer is hovered over a file or folder name or icon in Icon View or MultiColumn
313 View mode.
314 If the Show previews... in file tips checkbox is checked the pop up window will
315 also show a small image of the file contents as shown in Figure 2.7.

316 File Previews

317 Selecting View → Preview from the Menubar will bring up a sub menu that lets
318 you enable file previews for certain types of file.
319 Generally this means that the file’s icon will be replaced by a small image showing
320 the file contents. If file preview is enabled for Sound Files the file will be played
321 whenever the mouse cursor is hovering over the file name or icon.
322 Note that file previews are only available in Icon View and MultiColumn View
323 modes.
324 Because Konqueror has to read much more data than just the file name details
325 to generate a preview, file previews may not be appropriate when viewing files
326 on a floppy or from a remote system. The Previews page of the File Manager
327 Configuration dialog allows you to disable file previews for protocols such as ftp
328 where reading the extra data would take too long.

29


Figure 3.7: To preview a file, hold the mouse cursor over the name of the file for
about a second. A popup window will appear showing the contents of the file and
useful information like file size and which user owns the file.

329 3.3 Navigation

330 To get to a file with Konqueror you first need to navigate through the folder tree
331 to find the folder containing that file.
332 To move between folders you can simply step up and down the tree:

333 • To descend into a subfolder, left click on its name or icon – or if you have
334 already “selected” it (see below) – then just press Enter.

335 • To go up the folder tree, you can click on the Up button in the Toolbar, use
336 Alt+Up Arrow, or use the Menubar Go → Up option.

337 To “select” a file or folder in the displayed folder without opening it in any way
338 use the up and down arrow keys to move through the items. The selected item
339 will be highlighted and some information about it will be displayed in the Status
340 Bar.
341 Setting the View Mode to Tree View can help you locate folders in the tree below
342 the current folder; in this mode each folder is shown with a small box at the left.

30


343 If the box contains a + sign, left clicking on the box (not on the folder name or
344 icon) will display a sub tree showing files and subfolders contained in that folder.
345 The small box will then change to show a sign. Left click on that to collapse the
346 sub tree. Once you have found the folder you are looking for, left click on the
347 folder name or icon to open it.
348 The Navigation Panel can also help you find your way around the file system.
349 You can go directly to any folder by typing its path into the Location Toolbar
350 window or into the dialog box invoked by the Menubar Location → Open Location
351 item or by Ctrl+ O. Konqueror’s Text Completion feature may be useful when
352 you do this. Don’t forget that in Linux / UNIX file and folder names are case
353 sensitive.
354 When you have moved to a new folder you can go back to your previous choice by
355 using the Toolbar Back button, the Menubar Go → Back item, or Alt+Left Arrow.
356 Once you have gone back you can go forward. Use the Toolbar Forward button,
357 the Menubar Go → Forward item or Alt+Right Arrow.
358 Alternatively, you can also choose to enter the parent folder by clicking on the
359 Toolbar Up, the Go → Up item, or with Alt+Up Arrow.

360 Tip. Holding the left mouse button pressed while the mouse pointer is over the
361 Toolbar Up, Back or Forward buttons brings up a menu of recently visited
362 locations.

363 Finding Files and Folders

364 If you don’t know or can’t remember where a file or folder is within your system,
365 then use the Toolbar Find File button or the Menubar Tools → Find File... option.
366 This will embed the file finder application KFind into Konqueror’s window.

367 Note. If the name of a file or folder begins with a period or a dot, then it is a
368 “hidden” file or folder, and will not normally be shown by Konqueror. To
369 see files or folders, use the Menubar View → Show Hidden Files option.

370 Another reason Konqueror may not show the file or folder you
371 are looking for is that you may have the View Filter plugin set to
372 display only certain types of file.

31


373 Floppy and CD-ROM Drives

374 Any floppy disk, CD drive or other hard disk partition that you have on your
375 system will usually appear in the / , /media, /mnt or /auto folder, having a path
376 something like /mnt/floppy or /cdrom. The details will depend on how your
377 system was set up.
378 UNIX / Linux requires that you mount a floppy disk or CD-ROM when you have
379 inserted it into the drive, and mount other hard disk partitions when you want
380 to access them. You also need to unmount a floppy disk or CD-ROM before
381 removing it to register that it is no longer available.
382 How you do this will depend on how your system:

383 • You may have an Automount facility, in which case you don’t have to bother
384 about explicitly mounting and unmounting, although you may find that the
385 CD-ROM occasionally starts up by itself for no apparent reason.
386 • You may have Floppy, CD-ROM and hard disk icons on your desktop, in
387 which case, left mouse button click on the icon to mount it. Doing this
388 should also bring up a balloon notification, a Removable Device icon and
389 a window asking you what you want to do with the mounted device. To
390 unmount, right click on the icon and choose the Safely Remove item and a
391 balloon notification will appear to indicate that the device has been safely
392 removed. The Removable Device icon will then turn gray to indicate inac-
393 tivity. See Figure 3.8.
394 • Or you can do it the traditional way by typing into a text console window:
395 mount /mnt/floppy to mount, for example, the floppy drive; and
396 umount /mnt/floppy to unmount it (umount not unmount)

397 Note. Rather than having to open a text console to type the mount or umount
398 commands, you may prefer to use Konqueror’s Tools → Execute Shell Com-
399 mand (Ctrl+E) feature.

400 3.4 Deleting Files and Folders

401 Konqueror gives you two ways to dispose of an unwanted file or folder:

402 • You can move it to the Trash folder, which is the safest method as you can
403 get it back if you realize that you have made a mistake.

32


Figure 3.8: This illustration shows
that apart from the change of color,
a small arrow is visible beside the Re-
movable Device Icon when it is Ac-
tive and disappearswhen it is Inac-
tive

404 • You can just plain Delete it, which removes the entry from the folder and
405 adds the disk area occupied by the file(s) to the system’s list of free disk
406 areas, in the same way as the rm command.

407 The simplest way to remove a file or folder is to position the mouse pointer over
408 its name or icon and press the right mouse button, which will bring up a menu
409 containing the options Move to Trash and Delete.
410 Or, if you have selected the item, the Menubar Edit menu will give you the choice
411 of “Move to Trash” and ‘‘Delete” options.
412 Del will move the selected item or items to Trash. Shift+Del will really, truly and
413 irrevocably delete the selected item or items.

414 Note. You won’t be able to remove a file or folder if you don’t have the necessary
415 permissions; see Section 3.8 for further details.

416 3.5 Moving and Copying

417 To copy a file or subfolder between folders you can:

418 • Position the mouse pointer over its name or icon and hold down the right
419 mouse button, which will bring up a menu containing the Copy option.
420 Choose that.
421 Or if the item is selected you can use the Copy button on the Toolbar or the
422 Menubar Edit → Copy item, or the Ctrl+C shortcut key combination. You
423 can also select multiple files or folders to copy/move as well.

33


424 • Navigate to the folder you want to copy the item into then Paste the item
425 into the new folder by using the Toolbar Paste button or the Menubar Edit
426 → Paste option or the Ctrl+V shortcut, or by moving the mouse pointer
427 to a clear area of the window and holding the right mouse button down to
428 bring up a menu containing the Paste option.

429 Moving a file or subfolder between folders can be done in the same way as copying,
430 except that you choose the Cut option or Ctrl+X instead of Copy. The item that
431 you have Cut will be removed from the original folder when you do the Paste into
432 the new folder.
433 You can also copy or move selected item(s) to another folder by using Edit →
434 Copy Files (F7) or Edit → Move docFiles (F8), or by selecting Copy To or Move To
435 from the drop down menu you get when you right click on an file or folder name
436 in the File Manager window.

437 Note. You may not be able to copy or move a file or folder if you don’t have the
438 necessary permissions. See Section 3.8 for further details.

439 Using Drag ’n Drop

440 Konqueror also supports Drag and Drop copying and moving of files and folders.
441 You can do this by having two instances of Konqueror, one showing the folder
442 you want to copy from, the other showing the target folder. Position the mouse
443 pointer over the item you wish to copy or move, then, holding the left mouse
444 button pressed, “drag” it to a clear space in the target folder. Release the button
445 and you will be presented with a menu choice of Copy or Move. Take care to
446 “drop” the item into an empty area of the target folder view - dropping it on top
447 of another file name or icon can cause problems.
448 You can also set up Konqueror to show more than one folder within its window
449 and drag & drop between them.
450 To be able to show different folders in each view they should not be linked; the
451 little boxes at the bottom right of each view should be empty.
452 The active view, that is the one whose path is shown in the Location Toolbar
453 and which responds to navigation and Menubar commands, is shown by the little
454 green light in the bottom left corner. To make a view active, left click on an
455 empty area of the view or on its Status Bar.
456 To remove an active view from Konqueror’s window use the Ctrl+Shift+R short-
457 cut, or the Menubar Window → Remove Active View option, or right mouse button

34


Figure 3.9: This screenshot illustrates the use of the Menubar Window → Split
View Left/Right option, also available with the shortcut Ctrl+Shift+L, to split the
main Konqueror window into two views, each showing the contents of a different
folder.

458 click on the Status Bar and choose the Remove Active View option from the re-
459 sulting menu.
460 If you use Konqueror tabs, you can drag and drop between tabs by dragging the
461 file to the tab label, without letting go yet. The destination tab will pop to the
462 front, allowing you to continue dragging and then drop the file.

463 Duplicate File Names

464 If you try to paste a file into a folder that already contains a file with the same
465 name, Konqueror will pop up a dialog box warning you that the file already exists.
466 You can then choose to:

467 • Overwrite the old file with the newly copied one. The Overwrite All button
468 can be used if you have copied multiple items.
469 • Cancel the paste operation by pressing the Skip or Skip All button.
470 • Give the file that is being copied a different name. You can do this by typing
471 a new name into the text entry box or get Konqueror to Propose one. When
472 you have done this press, the Rename button.

35


473 3.6 Selecting Multiple Files

474 You sometimes want to delete, copy or move a number of files that are similar in
475 some way. For example, you may wish to move all of the .png graphics files from
476 one folder to another. Konqueror makes this easy by letting you select multiple
477 files based on similarities in their file names.
478 Use the Menubar Edit → Selection → Select... item or the shortcut Ctrl++. This
479 brings up a little dialog box in which you enter a filename containing the wildcard
480 characters *, which matches any number of characters, and ? which matches a
481 single character. Press OK and Konqueror will highlight all files with matching
482 names. For example;

483 • flag*.png will select all filenanes starting with the letters “flag” and end-
484 ing with “.png”.

485 • memo?.txt will select memo1.txt and memo9.txt but not memo99.txt.

486 When you have selected a range of files, you can narrow down the selection by
487 uing the Menubar Edit → Unselect... option or Ctrl+- to specify which of the
488 selected files should be removed from the selection.
489 Use Ctrl+U or the Menubar Edit → Unselect All option or just left mouse button
490 click on a clear area of the view to cancel the selection.
491 You can even invert the selection: that is, deselect all selected files and select
492 those that were previously unselected. Use the Menubar Edit → Invert Selection
493 option or Ctrl+* to do this.
494 You can also select multiple files and folders by holding the Ctrl button while you
495 click on each individual file or folder. This enables you to then move or copy
496 multiple files and folders to a different location the same method above.
497 A number of useful shortcut keys can be used in list, tree and text view modes:

498 Space. Toggle the current selection.

499 Insert. Toggle the current selection and move down to the next item.

500 Ctrl+Up Arrow, Ctrl+Down Arrow, Ctrl+Home, Ctrl+End,
501 Ctrl+Page Up, Ctrl+Page Down. Move the selection, toggling
502 the selection of everything on the way.

36


503 Shift+Up Arrow, Shift+Down Arrow, Shift+Home,Shift+End,
504 Shift+Page Up, Shift+Page Down. Deselect everything, then
505 move the selection, selecting everything on the way.

506 Once you have selected the right files then the normal delete, copy or move com-
507 mands will act on all of the selected files at once.

508 Note. Depending on your keyboard type and locale, you may find that the
509 Ctrl++, Ctrl+- and Ctrl+* shortcuts only work with the Numeric keypad
510 +, - and * keys.

511 3.7 Create New

512 When Konqueror is in File Manager mode, picking Create New from the Edit menu
513 or from the context menu you get by right mouse button clicking on a free area
514 in a folder view gives you a submenu letting you create any of the following in
515 the current folder:

516 File → Link To Application...

517 This option is most useful if you want to create an icon that will open a particular
518 application. It opens a dialog box with three tabbed pages. The first, General, is
519 where you choose an icon and the text that will appear with it. The second page,
520 Permissions, lets you select who can use or modify the icon. In the Application page
521 you must enter the Command that will run the application. For example, kwrite
522 to start up the KWrite text editor. kwrite /home/aileen/todo.txt would open
523 the file /home/aileen/todo.txt in KWrite. Advanced options such as the file
524 types which the application can open are also available from this page.
525 To make the application icon appear on your desktop, create the link in your
526 /Desktop folder (this may be called something slightly different depending on
527 how KDE was installed on your system) or get to the Create New... sub menu by
528 right clicking on a free area of the desktop instead of within Konqueror’s window.
529 If you have a lot of specialized application links and don’t want to clutter up
530 the desktop, then why not create them in your Applications folder. You can
531 get there in Konqueror by choosing Go → Applications. Then create a sin-
532 gle icon on your desktop to open your Applications folder, which is usually in
533 /.kde/share/applnk.
534 To put an application link icon into the panel, first create it in the Applications
535 folder then drag the icon onto a clear area of the panel.

37


536 File → Link To Location (URL)...

537 This lets you create an icon to open Konqueror at a particular folder or web page.
538 As with Link To Application... you can make the application icon appear on your
539 desktop by creating the link in your /Desktop folder or going to the Create New...
540 sub menu by right clicking on a free area of the desktop. When you first create it
541 the text shown with the icon will be the full path or URL. You can change it by
542 right clicking on the icon, selecting Properties... and entering the preferred text
543 in the General tab page.

544 Device → Floppy Device...

545 Use this option to create an icon that will mount a floppy disk and open an
546 instance of Konqueror showing the disk’s contents. To unmount the disk when
547 you have finished with it right click on the icon and select Unmount. In practice
548 it doesn’t have to be a floppy disk but can be any hard disk or partition on your
549 system that is not normally mounted.

550 Hard Disk. This option is similar to Floppy Device... but for a hard disk
551 drive or partition.

552 CD/DVD-ROM Device. This option is similar to Floppy Device... but
553 for a CD or DVD drive.

554 Folder. An easy way of creating a new (sub)folder.

555 Text File. Use this to create an ordinary, empty, text file. A dialog box
556 will be opened for you to enter the name of your new file.

557 HTML File. Creates a skeleton HTML source file. When you type the
558 new file’s name into the dialog box it is probably best to give it a .html
559 extension to avoid confusion.

560 Presentation Document. Creates a skeleton OpenOffice.org Impress doc-
561 ument. Give its name a .odp extension.

562 Text Document. Creates a skeleton OpenOffice.org Writer document us-
563 ing the standard Writer style template. Give its name a .odt extension.

564 Spread Sheet Document. Use this to create a new OpenOffice.org Calc
565 file, and name it with a .ods extension.

38


566 Illustration Document. Creates a new OpenOffice.org Draw document.
567 Name it with the extension .odg.

568 3.8 Changing Names and Permissions

569 The two easiest ways to change the name of a file or folder is to either right click
570 on it and select Rename, or select the file or folder and then press the F2 button.
571 To change the name or permissions of a file or folder, right click on its name or
572 icon and select the Properties... item, or if you have “selected” the file or folder,
573 then you can use the Menubar Edit → Properties option.
574 This will bring up the Properties dialog box with two tabbed pages:

575 • General, which gives you some information about the item and lets you
576 change its name and, for a folder, the associated icon.
577 • Permissions, which shows you the item’s ownership and access permissions
578 and lets you change the permissions.

579 Copy and Rename

580 If you want to make a copy of an existing file with a different name – perhaps as a
581 backup – in the same folder as the original file, do a normal Copy then when you
582 Paste it a dialog box will pop up complaining that the file already exists. Just
583 type the new name into the dialog’s text box and press the Rename button (or
584 if you are feeling lazy pressing the Propose button will generate a new name for
585 you).

586 Super User Mode

587 If you are running as a normal user and try to access files outside of your own
588 /home folder you will often be prevented from doing so and get an error message
589 such as Access Denied.
590 To access these files you need to be logged in as the system administrator, often
591 known as the Super User or root.
592 Rather than logging out then in again, you can launch Konqueror from the Menu
593 in Super User mode by selecting System → File Manager - Super User Mode. You
594 will be asked for the root login password but as long as you can provide that
595 Konqueror will be started up with full access privileges to all files on your system.

39


596 Warning! Take care. As Super User (root), you have complete control of your
597 system, and a wrong command can easily do irrevocable damage.
598 Also, connecting to the internet as root is an extremely bad idea,
599 as it seriously increases your vulnerability to malicious hacking.

600 3.9 Configuring File Association

601 KDE provides many applications which can open many different types of file.
602 Most of the time, the defaults will work with no problems, but Konqueror provides
603 a powerful system to allow you to change the applications used to open each file
604 type. For more details, choose the Settings → Configure Konqueror... menu item,
605 select File Associations in the configuration dialog, and click on Help.

606 3.10 At the Command Line

607 Although Konqueror is a very powerful and flexible GUI file manager, there are
608 occasions when the experienced Linux / UNIX user wants to get down to the
609 basics and work at the text command line level.
610 You can, of course, open an instance of Konsole, perhaps with Konqueror’s
611 Menubar Tools → Open Terminal option or with Ctrl+T.
612 If you only want to launch a program or view a URL, the Tools → Run Command
613 (Alt+F2) option may be easier.
614 Tools → Execute Shell Command... (Ctrl+E) opens a small command line dialog
615 window where you can enter a shell command such as ps -ax | grep kdeinit .
616 Note that it does not support full featured terminal control characters, so appli-
617 cations such as top and less will not work properly, but it is available immediately
618 without the delay involved in starting Konsole.
619 For more complex operations, Konqueror has another nice feature: the Menubar
620 Window → Show Terminal Emulator option, which opens up a terminal window
621 as a new view within Konqueror (See Figure 2.10). As long as the link icon is
622 visible at the bottom right corner of each view, the terminal will follow any folder
623 changes you make in the normal file manager view2 .

2 http://docs.kde.org/stable/en/kdebase-apps/konqueror/index.html

40


Figure 3.10: The Terminal Emulator option opens up a terminal window as a new
view within Konqueror

41


624 3.11 Linux Filesystem Hierarchy

625 The first thing that most new users shifting from Windows will find confusing is
626 navigating the Linux filesystem[6]. The Linux filesystem does things a lot more
627 differently than the Windows filesystem3 . To put it simply, it can be visualized as
628 a tree with its roots and all[3]. At the top of the hierarchy is invariably the root
629 path which is represented by ‘‘/’’. All other directories are created beneath this
630 root path. And each of the sub directories have a specific purpose. For example,
631 ‘‘/etc’’ contain the configuration files, the ‘‘/opt’’ directory is used to install
632 third party software, ‘‘/boot’’ contain the grub files and the Linux kernel and
633 so on4 .
634 In the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), all files and directories appear under
635 the root directory ‘‘/’’, even if they are stored on different physical devices[2].
636 Note however that some of these directories may or may not be present on a UNIX
637 system depending on whether certain subsystems, such as the X Window System,
638 are installed.
639 The majority of these directories exist in all UNIX operating systems and are
640 generally used in much the same way; however, the descriptions here are those
641 used specifically for the FHS, and are not considered authoritative for platforms
642 other than Linux5 .

643 / This is the base, or root, of the file system. Everything in the Linux system is
644 housed in this directory[1].

645 /bin This directory contains a number of essential commands that are available
646 to unprivileged users (such as cat, chmod, chown, etc). The /bin directory
647 also houses the shells (such as bash).

648 /boot This directory contains everything necessary for the boot process. With-
649 out the /boot directory, your machine would not be able to boot up.

650 /dev This directory contains all of the special and device files. With Linux all
651 devices and drives have a name. Hard drives tend be labeled as hda, hdb,
652 hdc. Special devices such as external usb devices can be labeled as sda,
653 sdb, sdc. If you look in the /dev directory you will see quite a few files that
654 can be associated with devices. Most of the devices found here are either
655 block or character devices. Block devices hold data (such as a hard drive)
656 and character devices transmit data (such as a mouse).
3 http://www.freeos.com/articles/3102/
4 http://linuxhelp.blogspot.com/2008/05/linux-file-system-hierarchy-fun-easy.

html
5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard

42


657 /etc This is a very special directory that contains numerous configuration files
658 and directories. This directory will contain the X configurations, Apache,
659 Samba, the init system, etc. The /etc directory also houses the sources for
660 package management systems like apt and yum. One of the most important
661 subdirectoris in /etc is the /etc/init.d.

662 /home This is where all user data is housed. Each user on the system will
663 have their own subdirectory within /home. All user data and user-specific
664 configuration files are saved here.

665 /lib This is where all kernel modules needed for system boot libraries that are
666 required by root system commands (commands found in /bin and /sbin.)

667 /lost+found If your system crashes or is shut down improperly any lost data
668 will be stored here. During a recovery boot the fsck application will attempt
669 to recover corrupt files found here.

670 /media This is where all external media (or extra internal drives) is mounted.
671 If you make or edit entries in the /etc/fstab file you will point devices
672 (such as /dev/sda to directories withing /media.)

673 /mnt This is another directory where external (and internal) drives and devices
674 are mounted. This is a holdover to older school thought. Most modern
675 distributions are moving to the /media directory.

676 /opt This is a directory that can be used for installing applications that are out-
677 side of the default installation. When you install applications here they can
678 be used system wide by all users. Only the root user can install applications
679 here.

680 /proc This is a special directory that is actually a virtual filesystem. The /proc
681 directory acts as a process information center for the kernel.

682 /root This is the root users home directory.

683 /sbin This is where all system maintenance/administration executable files are
684 stored. These commands differ from those in /usr/sbin in that they are
685 system commands used for critical system administration and maintenance
686 whereas /usr/sbin are non-critical tasks such as user administration, net-
687 work administration, etc.

43


688 /usr This is one of the largest directories on your system as it contains all user-
689 executable binaries as well as the libraries, documentation, and header files
690 for these executables. One of the most important subdirectories is /usr/bin
691 where all user application executables are stored.

692 /var This directory contains all variable data such as log files. On a server
693 environment the document root directory of most servers will be found here
694 (/var/www and /var/ftp are examples.)

695 /srv This directory can contain the services (such as www) directory in some
696 distributions.

697 /tmp This directory, as you would expect, contains temporary files that are
698 stored as needed. Many files you will find here are lock files created by
699 applications. Do not remove anything from this directory as the cron system
700 has a job specifically created for the removal of these files6 .

6 http://www.ghacks.net/2008/12/11/get-to-know-linux-file-system-hierarchy/

44


7

Figure 3.11: The diagram represents (part of) a Linux ﬁle system know as
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard[7]. A line from one node to a node on its
right indicates containment. For example, the student directory is contained
within the home directory.

45


46

701

702 CHAPTER

703 FOUR
704

705 Connecting to the Internet

706 Chapter Author : Russel Baisas
707

708 Connecting to the Internet has become easier with this release of Bayanihan Linux.
709 The following sections describe the steps necessary for connecting your machine
710 to the World Wide Web using the different applications that are bundled with
711 this release.

712 4.1 Dial-Up using KPPP

713 KPPP is a graphical fronted to the ppp tools that are bundled with the system.
714 These tools allow you to connect to the Internet using a dial-up modem, a tele-
715 phone line and an account with an ISP.
716

717 To run this application, simply click on the link found at the Menu:

718 → Internet → KPPP - Internet Dial-Up Tool

719 To begin with the setup, Click on the Configure button.
720 In Figure 4.2, Setup for an account is the first step. Click on New button to
721 configure for new account.

47

Bayanihan Linux 5 Chapter 4. Connecting to the Internet

Figure 4.1: KPPP Dial-Up
Tool

Figure 4.2: KPPP
Configuration

722 If it is your first time to run Kppp, configuration of modem and account is re-
723 quired. An option prompt box will appear to let you choose for the wizard con-
724 nection or the manual connection. Normally for first time users, it is required to
725 setup the account in manual mode because wizard connection is mainly use for
726 existing account setup. Click on Manual Setup button to start configuring
727 When the new account dialog appears, fill up the specified information for every
728 tab such as account connection details, phone number, and and others that are
729 mandatory. Refer to Figure 4.4.
730 KPPP Account Dialog Box Customize argument are pass on pppd using
731 customize pppd button.(This button is optional).

Figure 4.3: KPPP Wizard

48

Chapter 4. Connecting to the Internet Bayanihan Linux 5

Figure 4.4: KPPP Account
Dialog Box

Figure 4.5: It is use for con-
figuring your IP address, if
the service provider has pro-
vide you with a static IP ad-
dress. you may specify it in
static IP address field. The
default field is dynamic IP
address.

Figure 4.6: For the gate-
way tab, you can select on
either Default Gateway or
Static Gateway. If your ISP
has specified an IP address
you should use it as a static
gateway.

49


Figure 4.7: For the DNS tab,
input for domain name are
given by your ISP provider.
Automatic is the default con-
ﬁguration on this.

Figure 4.8: The login script
tab allows the user to cus-
tomize the way of conﬁguring
the setup and logging in on
kppp. If you use the script-
based login in the Authenti-
cation on the dial up tab you
can specify it here.

Figure 4.9: This option is
use to input a certain com-
mand to be use by the real
user ID. It is best advise not
to use root as a user unless
an admin has allow the ordi-
nary user to use it. You can
customize your command by
adding a script. for exam-
ple, we can make a script for
backup of logs during your lo-
gin process.

50


Figure 4.10: The purpose of
accounting tabs is to check on
how much bytes are sent to
and from the internet while
you are log in. It is best to
check for this because most
internet provider base their
costing on how much bytes
are transfered while login on
the internet.

732 Configuring the Modem on KPPP

733 The Device Tab

734 After configuring the accounts for kppp, next step to configure is the modem. It
735 is require to know your modem’s specification for you to configure it on kppp.

736 The Modem tab

737 → Busy wait - This is the length of time that a modem will wait before redi-
738 aling.

739 → Modem volume - This sets the volume of the modem.

740 → Modem commands - This field is any name that will represent the command
741 on your modem but it should be relevant to the command to avoid chaos.

742 → Query modem - It provides information on your modem but still depends
743 on the resource if it has the exact information from resource. This may be
744 not as informative.

745 → Terminal - This mini terminal is use for modem configurationa and some
746 experimentation to play around with the modem.

747 The graph tab is use to customize the color of your kppp application.

51


Figure 4.11: Modem
Conﬁguration

Figure 4.12: The
Graph Tab

Figure 4.13: The
miscellanous tab
have some option
that might be
needed in con-
ﬁguring kppp
application.

52


Figure 4.14:
Knetworkmanager
Main Window

748 4.2 LAN/WiFi connectivity with KNetworkMan-
749 ager

750 Knetworkmanager is the network application use by K desktop environment. It
751 is a user friendly gui application use for conﬁguring and switching of network
752 environment.

753 Starting up knetworkmanager

754 To start on knetworkmanager, go to:

755 → Setting → Network Settings

756 knetworkmanager needs to ba a root user to access it. you can press on the
757 administrator mode then a dialog box will prompt a password. Figure 4.14 and
758 Figure 4.15

53


Figure 4.15:
Knetworkmanager
password to root

Figure 4.16: It displays on
what network card is de-
tected, if no network inter-
face are display, it is pos-
sible that the lan cards are
not yet install. For conﬁg-
uring lan card and wireless
card

54


Figure 4.17:
Normally when
knetworkmanager
detects a network, it
automatically con-
ﬁgures the default
gateway if the routed
daemon is up and
running. A Default
Gateway is the node
on the computer net-
work that is chosen
when the IP address
does not belong to
any other entities in
the Routing Table.

Figure 4.18:
Knetworkmanager
automatically gen-
erates a dns for it.
If dns was not auto-
matically conﬁgured,
there might be a
problem with the
network or a problem
with /etc/resolv.conf.
you can refer to
chapter 9 of system
administration for
troubleshooting.

55


Figure 4.19: If you
have a different
ethernet settings
you can load your
network profile that
would fit on your
network setup for
your ethernet.

759 4.3 Using FireFox and Konqueror for browsing
760 the web

761 FireFoxTM (shown in Figure ??) is a popular open-source web browser developed
762 by the Mozilla Foundation.

763 Starting firefox

764 To run this application, simply click on the link found at the Menu:

765 → Internet → FireFox - Web Browser

766 Opening, Selecting and Closing tabs

767 A tabs can be found below the bookmark toolbars, it allows firefox to use multiple
768 firefox window taskbar to be open one at a time.
769 By pressing on [Ctrl]+[t] or you may choose to click

770 File → New Tab

771 ,

56


Figure 4.20: Multiple Tabs
for Firefox

Figure 4.21: Miscellaneous Pref-
erence Dialog on Firefox Which lets
you customize and configure your
firefox browser

772 Using the Konqueror for Browsing the Web

773 Konqueror is a web browser, file manager and file viewer designed as a core part
774 of the K Desktop Environment. It is developed by volunteers and can run on most
775 Unix-like operating systems. Konqueror, along with the rest of the components in
776 the KDEBase package, is licensed and distributed under the GNU General Public
777 License. This section will describe the use of konqueror as a web browser.Figure ??

778 Starting konqueror

779 To start konqueror, go to .

780 → Internet → konqueror

781 Creating, Opening and Closing tabs

782 tabs in konqueror are found underneath the location toolbar, same as the func-
783 tionality of firefox, it allows for a multiple access of konqueror windows. You can
784 also press [Ctrl] + [t] or go to

Figure 4.22: Multiple Tabs

57


Figure 4.23:
Quick Search on
Konqueror

Figure 4.24: Find Tool-
bars on Konqueror

785 Bookmarks

786 You can bookmark a page on konqueror by going to

787 Bookmark → Add Bookmark

788 Quick Search

789 You can find the quick search on konqueror at the upper right beside the location
790 toolbar Figure 4.23

791 Find Toolbar

792 The find toolbar on konqueror are found on

793 Edit → Find

794 or you can type [Ctrl] + [f] Figure 4.24

795 Miscellaneous

796 You con configure konqueror by going to

797 Settings → Configure Konqueror

798 Figure 4.25

58


Figure 4.25: Preferences Configu-
ration for Konqueror

799 4.4 Setting the proxy for firefox and konqueror

800 To set the proxy for Mozilla firefox:

801 Edit → Preferences → Advance → Network

802 To set the proxy for Konqueror:

803 Settings → Configure Konqueror → Proxy

804 Installing Additional Plugins

805 Plugins are tools use to enhance your internet browser by adding more function-
806 alities to it. There are lots of plugin that you can find on the internet and you can
807 download it for free. We will be focusing on installing plugin for mozilla firefox
808 and konqueror since these 2 are the default internet browser use by bayanihan
809 linux.
810 To install the plugin on firefox:

811 1. Open a new browser window using Firefox.
812 2. Go to the Firefox plugins Web page(see https://addons.mozilla.org/
813 en-US/firefox/browse/type:7).
814 3. Browse through the list of plugins that are available. Choose from items
815 such as Flash player, Java, Gxine and many more.
816 4. Look beneath the plugin you’d like to download. You’ll be re-routed to the
817 downloads page for the specific plugin you wish to add.

59


818 5. Look for the ’Download’ or ’Download Now’ button and click it. You may
819 be prompted to save a file. Click ’Save File.’ A dialog box will show the
820 download progress. When the download is complete, click ’Clean Up.’

821 6. Open the plugin after it finishes downloading. If you left the default setting
822 in place, the plugin will be on your desktop. Simply clicking the icon will
823 install it in Firefox.

824 To install the plugin in konqueror:

825 1. Start up Konqueror, then do a Web search for ’plugins’ for konqueror. When
826 you find a plugin you think you might use and enjoy, click on it and follow
827 the instructions for downloading found on that Web site. Note that other
828 plugins may have different download instructions.

829 2. Set Konqueror to read the plugin: Once your chosen plugin has been down-
830 loaded to your computer, go to the Konqueror tool bar and click on ’Con-
831 figure Konqueror.’

832 3. Choose ’plugins.’

833 4. Hit ’Refresh.’

834 5. Close Konqueror, then re-open it. Once you have re-opened Konqueror, it
835 will be all set to read and use the plugin you just downloaded.

836 4.5 E-Mail

837 Electronic mail(E-mail) is any method of communicating and storing data using
838 digital device such as computers. Bayanihan uses a Kmail as dafault for sending
839 and receiving email.

840 Configuring/Using KMail

841 KMail is the e-mail client of the KDE desktop environment. It is use by Bayanihan
842 Linux as the default email client.

843 Starting KMail

844 To start kmail.

60


Figure 4.26: KMail Start

845 It if is your first time to use kmail just follow the wizard to setup your mail
846 account.

847 → Internet → Kmail

848 Composing a message

849 After you have setup your account, we will now compose a new message to test
850 your new account. To compose message window go to:

851 → Message → New Message

852 Fill in the appropriate fields in the composer window. You can use the View menu
853 to select which header fields you want to display.
854 Organizing your address can easily be remember if you will be sending message
855 to multiple address or single address.You can use the address book by clicking
856 on the select button beside the To field then from that it will list your current
857 contact email address.
858 Whenever you want to add more than one recipient in one of the fields, use a
859 comma to separate each address from the next one. You may need to specify
860 fully qualified addresses (i.e. user@example.com) even for local users, depending
861 on your system configuration.

61


Figure 4.27: Composing Mes-
sage on KMail

862 When you are ﬁnished with your message, click the Send Now icon (the envelope)
863 to send the message. Figure 4.27
864 Message Folders
865 Message Folders are used to organize your email messages. By default, if you have
866 no existing message folders, messages are stored in the folder $KDEHOME/share/apps/kmail/.
867 If you have existing message folders in /Mail, these will be used instead. When
868 you ﬁrst start KMail the inbox, outbox, sent-mail, trash and drafts folders are
869 created. These folders each have special functions
870 Inbox:
871 Where KMail by default puts your new messages when you ask it to check your
872 mail.
873 Outbox:
874 Where messages are put while they are waiting to be delivered. Note that you
875 should not drag and drop messages here to send them, use the Send icon in the
876 composer window instead. Sent-mail:
877 By default copies of all messages that you have sent are put into this folder. Trash:
878 By default all messages that you have moved to trash are moved into this folder.
879 Drafts:
880 Contains messages you started to edit but then saved to this folder instead of
881 sending them.

62


Figure 4.28: Main Window of
Thunderbird

882 Installing/Using Thunderbird

883 Mozilla Thunderbird is the open source e-mail client develop by Mozilla founda-
884 tion. Figure 4.28
885 To install thunderbird, go to the directory where you download the source and
886 untar/unzip the source by using the command below.

887 1. cp thunderbird-2.0.0.19.tar.gz /opt/
888 2. cd /opt
889 3. tar -zxvf thunderbird-2.0.0.19.tar.gz
890 4. ln -s /opt/thunderbird/thunderbird /bin/thunderbird

891 If you want to create a desktop shortcut for thunderbird, you can follow on this
892 procedure:
893 Right click on the desktop → create new → link to application. Go to application
894 and fill up the field required.
895 If you want to open thunderbird on the commandline, just type in thunderbird in
896 the terminal.

897 Starting up Thunderbird

898 After finishing your installation and everything went well. We can now start using
899 thunderbird.

63


Figure 4.29: Configuring and
Starting up Thunderbird

Figure 4.30: Configuring and
Starting up Thunderbird

900 First is you have to setup your account. Thunderbird has a user friendly wizard
901 which will guide you in configuring your account name and other configuration.
902 Figure 4.29
903 Figure 4.30

904 Composing a Message

905 To compose a new message for Thunderbird, go and click on the Write button
906 located beside Get Mail button. Figure 4.31

64


Figure 4.31: Main Window
for Composing a Message on
Thunderbird

907 Message Folders

908 Thunderbird has a 4 default message folders on the main window, the inbox,
909 drafts, trash and the local folders. everytime you got a new message on your
910 mailbox it is automatically put in the inbox. you can make a rule on how to
911 organize your incoming message to where it be put.

912 Address Book

913 Address book stores the email address of your contacts. You can ﬁnd the icon
914 Address Book on the upper tool bar beside the Write icon

915 4.6 VOIP

916 VoIp(Voice over Internet Protocol) is a service that convert your voice into a
917 digital signal that travels on internet. A broadband(high speed internet and a
918 headset microphone computer device is require.

919 Conﬁguring/Using Ekiga

920 Ekiga(Formerly Gnome Meeting) is an open source VoIP and video conferencing
921 application by gnome. Ekiga is default in bayanihan linux.

65


Figure 4.32: Ekiga 10 Easy
COnfiguration

922 Newbie users

923 If it is your first time to use ekiga, ekiga has a pop up wizard with 10 easy
924 configuration that is applicable for first time users. Simply follow the steps that
925 starts from creating an account to configuring hardware device. Figure 4.32

926 Calling using Ekiga

927 If you want to call other users, you need a SIP address. It is an address known
928 to be like a phone number. You can get a SIP address for free from (http:
929 //www.ekiga.netasdescribedhere). You can use the online address book of
930 Ekiga to find the SIP addresses of other Ekiga users. It is of course possible to
931 call people who are using another provider (other than ekiga.net) using Peering
932 or Enum. You can actually call any user using SIP software or hardware, and
933 registered to any public SIP provider. Ekiga can also be use to do PC-to-PC calls,
934 PC-to-phone calls or vice versa.

935 Messaging using Ekiga

936 You can also chat with your friends using ekiga. You can do this by clicking on
937 the left, above the Change the view mode.To send a text message to a user, simply
938 enter his/her SIP address into the sip: input box at the top of the screen, enter
939 your text message, and click on Send. Figure 4.33

940 Video Calls

941 Your camera must be supported by the linux kernel and compatible with Video4linux/Video4linux2
942 API in order to use webcams for video calls.

66


Figure 4.33: Messaging with
Ekiga

Figure 4.34: Ekiga Address
Book

943 Ekiga has an assistant for conﬁguring video support: just run the Conﬁguration
944 Assistant until the end.

945 Testing your webcam

946 To test your webcam you can do this:
947 There are 6 icons on the left side of the main Ekiga window. Push the 4th button
948 from the top (a grey round webcam). If eveything is ok, you’ll see the output of
949 the webcam. If not, you’ll see the Ekiga logo bouncing slowly.

950 Managing your Address Book

951 To see the address book on ekiga, go to Tools → Address Book. A pop up window
952 will appear for choosing your contact list. Figure 4.34

67


Figure 4.35:
Skype

Figure 4.36: Installing Skype on
Bayanihan Linux

953 Installing/Using Skype

954 Skype is a software that allows us call the user over using the internet with free of
955 charge but calls to other landlines and mobile might have charges depend on the
956 telecom company. It also allows for chatting and video conferencing. Figure 4.35

957 Installing Skype

958 Download Skype on their website (http://www.skype.com/intl/en/download/skype/linux/choose/).
959 You can choose on debian etch as the source for bayanihan linux. after you have
960 downloaded skype use the command dpkg -i skype-debian 2.0.0.72-1 i386.deb.
961 you must be a root user to use it. Figure 4.36

962 Using Skype

963 In order to use skype, you must have an account and you can get it on their web-
964 site https://secure.skype.com/account/login?message=login required, After your
965 account is done, you can now login to skype. Figure 4.37

68


Figure 4.37:
Logging in to
Skype

Figure 4.38:
Pidgin Main
Window

966 4.7 Instant Messaging With Pidgin

967 Pidgin is an instant messaging client that support different account on other
968 instant messaging applications. It supports AIM, ICQ, Jabber/XMPP, MSN,
969 Yahoo!, Bonjour, Gadu-Gadu, IRC, QQ, SILC, Simple.
970 Pidgin can log you to different account but you must be register on a specifi
971 account before you login to pidgin. Figure 4.38

972 Add an Account on Pidgin

973 You can go to Accounts → Manage or click on [ctrl] + [a]. Then click on the add
974 button, then you can choose which account that you want. Figure 4.39

69


Figure 4.39: Adding Account on
Pidgin

Figure 4.40:
Composing a Mes-
sage on Pidgin

975 Compose a Message

976 Just click on the name of the user if you like to talk or give a message. Figure 4.40

977 4.8 Desktop Sharing/Remote Desktop

978 Desktop Sharing is an application that allows you to use and share an existing
979 session to another machine. The user may also control your desktop which is like
980 sharing one session using 2 computers.

981 Using Krfb

982 To start krfb, go to:

983 → Internet → Krfb

70


Figure 4.41: Starting Up Krfb

Figure 4.42: Creating Personal In-
vitation for krfb

984 You can share desktop right away by choosing on the create personal invitation
985 it will create a host and a password which you will be giving to other station to
986 connect to your desktop.

987 Using Krdc

988 After Creating an invitation, you can now access the desktop using the krdc. To
989 open krdc go to:

990 → Internet → Krdc

71


Figure 4.43: Gui of Krdc

Figure 4.44: Gui of Krdc

72

991

992 CHAPTER

993 FIVE
994

995 Using OpenOffice.org 3

996 Chapter Author : Pearliezl Dy Tioco
997

998 5.1 OpenOffice.org 3 Writer

999 What is Writer?
1000 Writer is the word processor component of OpenOffice.org (OOo). In addition
1001 to the usual features of a word processor (spelling check, thesaurus, hyphenation,
1002 autocorrect, find and replace, automatic generation of tables of contents and
1003 indexes, mail merge, and others), Writer provides important features:

1004 • Templates and styles
1005 • Page-layout methods, including frames, columns, and tables
1006 • Embedding or linking of graphics, spreadsheets, and other objects
1007 • Built-in drawing tools
1008 • Master documentsto group a collection of documents into a single document
1009 • Change tracking during revisions
1010 • Database integration, including a bibliography database

73

Bayanihan Linux 5 Chapter 5. Using OpenOﬃce.org 3

1011 • Export to PDF, including bookmarks

1012 • And many more

1013 Starting from the system menu

1014 The most common way to start Writer is by using the system menu, on GNOME,
1015 it is called the Applications menu, on KDE, it is identiﬁed by the KDE logo.
1016 The Writer interface
1017 The main Writer workspace is shown below.

1018

1019 Menus
1020 The Menu bar is located across the top of the Writer window, just below the
1021 Title bar. When you choose one of the menus, a submenu drops down to show
1022 commands like File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Table, Tools, Window and Help.
1023 Toolbars

74

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