Basics about Internet

• The Internet is a global network connecting millions
of computers.
• It is a network of networks that consists of private, public,
academic, business, and government networks of local to
global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless,
and optical networking technologies.
• The Internet carries a vast range of information resources
and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents
and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic
mail, telephony, and file sharing.
2/5/2019
Department of Zoology,
GACW(2018-2019)

• It uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to
link devices worldwide.
• Every computer in internet is identified by a
unique IP address.
• IP Address is a unique set of numbers (such as
110.22.33.114) which identifies a computer
location.
2/5/2019 3Department of Zoology, GACW(2018-2019)

• The concept of Internet was originated in 1969 and has undergone
several technological & Infrastructural changes as discussed below:
• The origin of Internet devised from the concept of Advanced Research
Project Agency Network (ARPANET).
• ARPANET was developed by United States Department of Defense.
• Basic purpose of ARPANET was to provide communication among the
various bodies of government.
• Initially, there were only four nodes, formally called Hosts.
• In 1972, the ARPANET spread over the globe with 23 nodes located at
different countries and thus became known as Internet.
• By the time, with invention of new technologies such as TCP/IP protocols,
DNS, WWW, browsers, scripting languages etc.,Internet provided a
medium to publish and access information over the web.
•

• Computer System
• MODEM
• Internet service Provider(ISP)
• Communication Media
• Web Browser

Browser - A software
program that allows
users to access the
Internet.
Examples: Chrome,
Firefox, Internet
Explorer, and Safari
etc.,

World Wide Web (WWW): The World Wide Web
(“WWW” or simply the “web”) is a collection of
electronic documents (called web pages) that are
linked together like a spider web. These
documents are stored on computers called servers
located around the world.
Website: A website is one or more web pages,
belonging to a particular company, institute,
government or an individual.
Home page - Generally the first page retrieved when
accessing a Web site. Usually a "home" page acts2/5/2019 8Department of Zoology, GACW(2018-2019)

•Uniform Resource Locators—URLs— are the web
browser addresses of internet pages and files.
•URLs consist of three parts to address a page or file:
•The protocol is the portion ending in //: Most web pages use
the protocol http or https, but there are other protocols.
HTTP - The hypertext transfer protocol (http) that enables
html documents to be read on the Internet.
•The host or top-level domain, which frequently ends in .com,
.net, .edu or .org but can also end in one of many others that
have been officially recognized.
•The filename or page name itself.

https://sumdho2013.wordpress.com/internet-terminology/

• HTML - A type of text code in Hypertext Markup Language which,
when embedded in a document, allows that document to be read
and distributed across the Internet.
• Hyperlink - Text, images, graphics that, when clicked with a mouse
(or activated by keystrokes) will connect the user to a new Web site.
• IP Address - (Internet Protocol) The number or name of the
computer from which you send and receive information on the
Internet.
An IP address can look something like this:
• 202.3.104.55
• or like this
• 21DA:D3:0:2F3B:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A
Every computer, cell phone and mobile device that accesses the
internet is assigned an IP address for tracking purposes.
FTP - Using file transfer protocol software to receive from upload) or2/5/2019 13Department of Zoology, GACW(2018-2019)

• Modem - A device that connects your computer
to the Internet.Most people connect to a modem
when using a home computer.

Search Engine :
It is a service that allows
Internet users to search for
content via the World Wide
Web (WWW).
A user enters keywords or
key phrases into a search
engine and receives a list of
Web content results in the
form of websites, images,
videos or other online data.

• Hashtag – A
hashtag (#) is used
to label keywords or
phrases in a tweet
or other social
media message.
Hashtags are
searchable, making
it easy for online
users to find and
monitor trending
topics.2/5/2019 26Department of Zoology, GACW(2018-2019)

• Link – Links are typically pieces of text
embedded in larger bodies of content
which, when clicked, take the user to a
different web page or website.
https://smallseotools.com/plagiarism-
checker/
https://scholar.google.co.in/schhp?hl=en&as
_sdt=0,5

• Social Media – Social
Media refers to various
websites and applications
whose main purpose is to
support and facilitate online
social networking. The
most popular examples of
social media include
• Twitter
• Facebook
• Instagram

• Malware –
Malware is
software
specifically
designed to
damage or
disrupt a
computer
system.

• Wiki – Derived from the Hawaiian phrase
“Wiki Wiki,” meaning fast or quick, a wiki is
any website that allows or encourages
users to add or modify online content. The
most recognizable example of a wiki is
Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia edited
and maintained through the collaborative
efforts of the site’s visitors.

• Download – Downloading refers to
copying data from one computer system to
another via a computer network.

• Simplicity
• Economy
• Flexibility of communications
• Speed and availability
• Accessibility
• Resource sharing
• Security
• Synergy with other media

•Google.
•Bing.
•Yahoo.
•Ask.com.
•AOL.com.
•Baidu.
•Wolframalpha.
•DuckDuckGo.
•Yandex

2. Electronic mail
•Gmail,
•Outlook.com,
•Yahoo Mail,
• AOL Mail ,
•Zoho Mail,
•Mail.com
•Yandex Mail,
• ProtonMail
•GMX Mail

3. Downloading files(Videos)
Videos:
• Internet Download Manager
• Youtube Downloader
• Utorrent
• Jdownloader
• Ninja Download Manager
• Free Download Manager
• EagleGet
• uGet
• Xtreme Download Manager
• iDownload Manager.

• edx.org
• academicearth.org
• archive.org.
• bigthink.com
• courser.org.
• brightstorm.com
• cosmolearning.com

Electronic newspapers and magazines

Job-hunting sites

Shopping

Money Transfer

Ticket Booking

2/5/2019 Department of Zoology, GACW(2018-2019) 55

Basics about Internet

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